2024年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试

英语

姓名________________ 准考证号________________

全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。

考生注意：

1.答题前，请务必将自己的姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔分别填写在试题卷和答题纸规定的位置上。

2.答题时，请按照答题纸上“注意事项”的要求，在答题纸相应的位置上规范作答，在本试题卷上的作答一律无效。

第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）

做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题纸上。

第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）

听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。

例：How much is the shirt?

A.£19.15.   B.£9.18.   C.£9.15.

答案是C。

1.What is Kate doing?

A.Boarding a flight.B.Arranging a trip.C.Seeing a friend off.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】M: Thanks for the wonderful weekend, Kate.

W: That's okay.Bob and I are glad you came to see us.

M: Oh, I have to go in.My flight will take off soon.Do contact me when you're in Sydney.

W: Sure, we will.

2.What are the speakers talking about?

A.A pop star.B.An old song.C.A radio program.

【答案】B

【解析】

【原文】W: Paul, listen to the radio.It's You've Stolen My Heart, one of the songs played at our wedding.

M: Yeah, how beautiful! It's been popular for almost two decades.

3.What will the speakers do today?

A.Go to an art show.B.Meet the man's aunt.C.Eat out with Mark.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W: David, forget about Mark.His aunt is in town, so he can't go with us today.

M: Oh, what a pity! It's the last day of the art show.

4.What does the man want to do?

A.Cancel an order.B.Ask for a receipt.C.Reschedule a delivery.

【答案】C

【解析】

【原文】W: How may I help you?

M: I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.

W: Yes, what’s the problem?

M: I need to have it delivered this Saturday.

5.When will the next train to Bedford leave?

A.At 9:45.B.At 10:15.C.At 11:00.

【答案】A

【解析】

【原文】W: Next, please.

M: Oh, hi, I missed my 9 o'clock train to Bedford.Do I have to buy another ticket?

W: No.The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.

M: Thank you.

第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）

听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

6.What will the weather be like today?

A.Stormy.B.Sunny.C.Foggy.

7.What is the man going to do?

A.Plant a tree.B.Move his car.C.Check the map.

【答案】6.A7.B

【解析】

【原文】W: Honey, have you checked today's weather forecast?

M: Yes, it's cold and wet.There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.

W: What are we going to do then?

M: Nothing much.Just stay indoors.There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.

W: Right.

M: And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.

W: I hope it's over quickly.

M: Well, it won't get better until late Wednesday.Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.

W: Yeah, you cannot be too careful.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

8.Why is Kathy in California now?

A.She is on vacation there.B.She has just moved there.C.She is doing business there.

9.What is the relationship between Tom and Fiona?

A.Husband and wife.B.Brother and sister.C.Father and daughter.

10.What does Kathy thank Dave for?

A.Finding her a new job.B.Sending her a present.C.Calling on her mother.

【答案】8.B9.B10.C

【解析】

【原文】W: Hello, Dave.This is Kathy from Sunny California.

M: Hi, Kathy.You finally called.How was the move? All settled in?

W: Sorry, I hadn’t called sooner, but it’s been a busy month.We’re slowly getting things set up in our new home.

M: Yeah, I understand.How are Jeff and the children?

W: Jeff is doing well with his new job.Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do.Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma.By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time.I call her every week, but it isn’t the same as seeing her.

M: No problem.Betty and I are friends now.How is the weather there?

W: It’s nice and warm, and we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.

M: That’s great.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

11.How did Jack go to school when he was a child?

A.By bike.B.On foot.C.By bus.

12.What is Jack's attitude toward parents driving their kids to school?

A.Disapproving.B.Encouraging.C.Understanding.

13.What is the problem with some parents according to the woman?

A.Overprotecting their children.

B.Pushing their children too hard.

C.Having no time for their children.

【答案】11.B12.C13.A

【解析】

【原文】W: Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?

M: I lived close to my school, so I walked every day.Why?

W: Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike or caught the bus to school.Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.

M: I see what you mean, these days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off at pick-up times, but it’s hard to blame the parents.They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.

W: You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills.Some parents are just being over-protective with their children learning nothing, but living in fear of everything.Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted and better at dealing with stress.

听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。

14.Why did Marie post her kitchen gardening online at first?

A.To keep records of her progress.

B.To sell home-grown vegetables.

C.To motivate her fellow gardeners.

15.Why does Marie recommend beginners to grow strawberries?

A.They need no special care.

B.They can be used in cooking.

C.They bear a lot of fruit soon.

16.What is difficult for Marie to grow?

A.Herbs.B.Carrots.C.Pears.

17.What is Marie's advice to those interested in kitchen gardening?

A.Aim high.B.Keep focused.C.Stay optimistic.

【答案】14.A15.C16.B17.C

【解析】

【原文】M: So Aurie, your kitchen garden looks excellent.What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?

W: Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievements and keeping me motivated and moving forward.As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.

M: I know you grow lots of fruit on your land.Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?

W: Strawberries would be a good choice.They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.

M: That's cool.Well, do you have plans to try newor any particular crops next year?

W: Next season I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area.I will be adding more herbs which I can use in the kitchen.After a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.

M: What advice would you offer someone thinkingof doing kitchen gardening?

W: Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like.Don't be too discouraged if things don't go according to plan.Learn from your mistakes and move on.There's always next season.

听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。

18.What is "Life of Johnson"?

A.A magazine column.B.A TV series.C.A historical novel.

19.What is Johnson famous for?

A.His acting talent.B.His humorous writing.C.His long sports career.

20.When did Johnson join Sports Times?

A.In 1981.B.In 1983.C.In 1985.

【答案】18.A19.B20.C

【解析】

【原文】M: Welcome to Meet the Author.Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnson's weekly article under the title Life of Johnson, the articles along with his novels and essay collections have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet.Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at the Denver Weekly for 2 years and the Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times.He has been voted national sports writer of the year 11 times.So now let's welcome the funny man with serious tone, Jacob Johnson.

第二部分阅读（共两节，满分50分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）

阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

A

HABITAT RESTORATION TEAM

Help restore and protect Marin's natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We'll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.

GROUPS

Groups of five or more require special arrangements and must be confirmed in advance.Please review the List of Available Projects and fill out the Group Project Request Form.

AGE, SKILLS, WHAT TO BRING

Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.Read our Youth Policy Guidelines for youth under the age of 15.

Bring your completed Volunteer Agreement Form.Volunteers under the age of 18 must have the parent/guardian approval section signed.

We'll be working rain or shine.Wear clothes that can get dirty.Bring layers for changing weather and a raincoat if necessary.

Bring a personal water bottle, sunscreen, and lunch.

No experience necessary.Training and tools will be provided.Fulfills (满足) community service requirements.

UPCOMING EVENTS

21.What is the aim of the Habitat Restoration Team?

A.To discover mineral resources.

B.To develop new wildlife parks.

C.To protect the local ecosystem.

D.To conduct biological research.

22.What is the lower age limit for joining the Habitat Restoration Team?

A.5.B.10.C.15.D.18.

23.What are the volunteers expected to do?

A.Bring their own tools.B.Work even in bad weather.

C.Wear a team uniform.D.Do at least three projects.

【答案】21.C22.B23.B

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了参加保护当地生态系统的栖息地恢复小组的时间地点等相关细节。

【21题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Help restore and protect Marin’s natural areas from the Marin Headlands to Bolinas Ridge.We’ll explore beautiful park sites while conducting invasive (侵入的) plant removal, winter planting, and seed collection.Habitat Restoration Team volunteers play a vital role in restoring sensitive resources and protecting endangered species across the ridges and valleys.(帮助恢复和保护从马林海岬到波利纳斯岭的马林海的自然区域。我们将探索美丽的公园场地，同时进行入侵植物清除、冬季种植和种子收集。栖息地恢复小组的志愿者在恢复敏感资源和保护山脊和山谷中的濒危物种方面发挥着至关重要的作用)”可知，栖息地恢复小组的目的是保护当地生态系统。故选C项。

【22题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Volunteers aged 10 and over are welcome.(欢迎10岁及以上的志愿者)”可知，参加栖息地恢复小组的最低年龄限制是10岁。故选B项。

【23题详解】

细节理解题。根据文章第五段“We’ll be working rain or shine.(我们将风雨无阻地工作)”可知，身为志愿者，即使天气不好也要工作。故选B项。

B

“I am not crazy,” says Dr.William Farber, shortly after performing acupuncture (针灸) on a rabbit.“I am ahead of my time.” If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.But Farber is certain he’ll have the last laugh.He’s one of a small but growing number of American veterinarians (兽医) now practicing “holistic” medicine-combining traditional Western treatments with acupuncture, chiropractic (按摩疗法) and herbal medicine.

Farber, a graduate of Colorado State University, started out as a more conventional veterinarian.He became interested in alternative treatments 20 years ago when he suffered from terrible back pain.He tried muscle-relaxing drugs but found little relief.Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.

Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.

Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.“Sometimes it surprises me that it works so well,” he says.“I will do anything to help an animal.That’s my job.”

24.What do some of Farber’s coworkers think of him?

A.He’s odd.B.He’s strict.C.He’s brave.D.He’s rude.

25.Why did Farber decide to try acupuncture on pets?

A.He was trained in it at university.

B.He was inspired by another veterinarian.

C.He benefited from it as a patient.

D.He wanted to save money for pet owners.

26.What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about?

A.Steps of a chiropractic treatment.

B.The complexity of veterinarians’ work.

C.Examples of rare animal diseases.

D.The effectiveness of holistic medicine.

27.Why does the author mention the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association?

A.To prove Farber’s point.

B.To emphasize its importance.

C.To praise veterinarians.

D.To advocate animal protection.

【答案】24.A25.C26.D27.A

【解析】

【导语】本文是记叙文。文章讲述兽医威廉•法伯(William Farber)博士在从针灸中受益后，将综合医疗应用于动物，并取得了初步成效。

【24题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段的“If he seems a little defensive, it might be because even some of his coworkers occasionally laugh at his unusual methods.( 如果他看起来有点自卫，那可能是因为他的一些同事偶尔会嘲笑他不寻常的方法。) ”可知，Farber的同事们有时会嘲笑他不寻常的方法，他们认为他很奇怪。故选A。

【25题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段的“Then he tried acupuncture, an ancient Chinese practice, and was amazed that he improved after two or three treatments.What worked on a veterinarian seemed likely to work on his patients.So, after studying the techniques for a couple of years, he began offering them to pets.(然后，他尝试了针灸，这是一种古老的中国疗法，并惊讶地发现，经过两三次治疗，他的病情有所好转。对兽医有效的方法似乎对他的病人也有效。因此，在研究了这些技术几年后，他开始把它们提供给宠物。)”可知，Farber作为患者从针灸中受益，这促使他决定尝试在宠物上使用针灸。故选C。

【26题详解】

主旨大意题。根据第三段内容“Leigh Tindale’s dog Charlie had a serious heart condition.After Charlie had a heart attack, Tindale says, she was prepared to put him to sleep, but Farber’s treatments eased her dog’s suffering so much that she was able to keep him alive for an additional five months.And Priscilla Dewing reports that her horse, Nappy, “moves more easily and rides more comfortably” after a chiropractic adjustment.(利•廷代尔的狗查理患有严重的心脏病。廷代尔说，查理心脏病发作后，她准备让他进入睡眠状态，但法伯的治疗大大减轻了她的狗的痛苦，她能够让它多活五个月。普里西拉•杜因(Priscilla Dewing)报告说，她的马纳皮(Nappy)经过脊椎按摩调整后，“行动更容易，乘车更舒服”。) ”可知，本段主要讲述了两个例子，一个是Farber通过整体医学方法帮助了患有严重心脏病的狗Charlie，另一个是马Nappy在接受脊椎按摩治疗后移动和骑行更为舒适。这些例子都是为了说明整体医学的有效性。故选D。

【27题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段的内容“Farber is certain that the holistic approach will grow more popular with time, and if the past is any indication, he may be right: Since 1982, membership in the American Holistic Veterinary Medical Association has grown from 30 to over 700.( 法伯确信，随着时间的推移，综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，如果过去有任何迹象的话，他可能是对的:自1982年以来，美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个。)”可知，法伯认为综合疗法会越来越受欢迎，随后作者列举了美国综合兽医协会的会员已经从30个增加到700多个的例子，因此推断美国整体兽医协会是为证明法伯的观点。故选A。

C

Is comprehension the same whether a person reads a text onscreen or on paper? And are listening to and viewing content as effective as reading the written word when covering the same material? The answers to both questions are often “no”.The reasons relate to a variety of factors, including reduced concentration, an entertainment mindset (心态) and a tendency to multitask while consuming digital content.

When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.The benefits of print reading particularly shine through when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.

The differences between print and digital reading results are partly related to paper’s physical properties.With paper, there is a literal laying on of hands, along with the visual geography of distinct pages.People often link their memory of what they’ve read to how far into the book it was or where it was on the page.

But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”.According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.

Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.However, psychologists have demonstrated that when adults read news stories, they remember more of the content than if they listen to or view identical pieces.

Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print.However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.

28.What does the underlined phrase “shine through” in paragraph 2 mean?

A Seem unlikely to last.

B.Seem hard to explain.

C.Become ready to use.

D.Become easy to notice.

29.What does the shallowing hypothesis assume?

A.Readers treat digital texts lightly.

B.Digital texts are simpler to understand.

C.People select digital texts randomly.

D.Digital texts are suitable for social media.

30.Why are audio and video increasingly used by university teachers?

A.They can hold students' attention.

B.They are more convenient to prepare.

C.They help develop advanced skills.

D.They are more informative than text.

31.What does the author imply in the last paragraph?

A.Students should apply multiple learning techniques.

B.Teachers should produce their own teaching material.

C.Print texts cannot be entirely replaced in education.

D.Education outside the classroom cannot be ignored.

【答案】28.D29.A30.A31.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是议论文。主要讨论了纸质阅读与数字阅读、音频和视频学习方式的差异和效果。

【28题详解】

词句猜测题。根据前文“When reading texts of several hundred words or more, learning is generally more successful when it’s on paper than onscreen.A large amount of research confirms this finding.(当阅读几百字或更多的文本时，在纸上学习通常比在屏幕上学习更成功。大量的研究证实了这一发现)”可知，在纸上学习更有成效，以及后文“when experimenters move from posing simple tasks — like identifying the main idea in a reading passage — to ones that require mental abstraction — such as drawing inferences from a text.(当实验人员从提出简单的任务(如识别阅读文章的主旨)转移到需要思维抽象的任务(如从文本中推断)时)”推知，此处应是表达“当实验者从简单的任务转向需要精神抽象的任务时，纸质阅读的益处就变得显而易见”之意，所以shine through应是“显而易见”之意，和D项意思相近。故选D项。

【29题详解】

推理判断题。根据第四段“But equally important is the mental aspect.Reading researchers have proposed a theory called “shallowing hypothesis (假说)”.According to this theory, people approach digital texts with a mindset suited to social media, which are often not so serious, and devote less mental effort than when they are reading print.(但同样重要的是精神层面。阅读研究人员提出了一个名为“shallowing hypothesis”的理论。根据这一理论，人们以适合社交媒体的心态接触数字文本，这些文本通常不那么严肃，与阅读印刷品时相比，投入的精神努力也更少)”可知，shallowing hypothesis假设读者在阅读数字文本时会持有一种轻松的心态，不会像阅读纸质书籍那样投入太多的心理努力。故选A项。

【30题详解】

细节理解题。根据第五段“Audio (音频) and video can feel more engaging than text, and so university teachers increasingly turn to these technologies — say, assigning an online talk instead of an article by the same person.(音频和视频可能比文本更具吸引力，因此大学教师越来越多地转向这些技术，例如分配在线讲座而不是同一作者的文章)”可知，音频和视频比文本更能吸引学生的注意力，所以大学教师越来越多地使用这些技术。故选A项。

【31题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Digital texts, audio and video all have educational roles, especially when providing resources not available in print.However, for maximizing learning where mental focus and reflection are called for, educators shouldn’t assume all media are the same, even when they contain identical words.(数字文本、音频和视频都具有教育作用，尤其是在提供印刷品中无法获得的资源时。然而，为了在需要精神集中和反思的情况下最大限度地学习，教育工作者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词)”可知，尽管数字文本、音频和视频在教育中有一定作用，但当需要精神集中和反思以最大化学习时，教育者不应假定所有媒体都是相同的，即使它们包含相同的单词。这表明作者认为纸质文本在教育中的作用仍然不可替代，因此暗示纸质文本在教育中的重要性。故选C项。

D

In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct, researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area, a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.

“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application,” said Barnabas Daru, who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable?”

Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants, insects, birds, and animals, Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.

“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.

Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover, these data are biased and favor certain regions, time periods, and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.

What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity?

“Quite a lot,” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”

32.What do we know about the records of species collected now?

A.They are becoming outdated.

B.They are mostly in electronic form.

C.They are limited in number.

D.They are used for public exhibition.

33.What does Daru’s study focus on?

A.Threatened species.

B.Physical specimens.

C.Observational data.

D.Mobile applications.

34.What has led to the biases according to the study?

A.Mistakes in data analysis.

B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.

C.Improper way of sampling.

D.Unreliable data collection devices.

35.What is Daru’s suggestion for biodiversity apps?

A.Review data from certain areas.

B.Hire experts to check the records.

C.Confirm the identity of the users.

D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.

【答案】32.B33.C34.C35.D

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了斯坦福大学的一项研究发现，数字生物多样性记录存在偏见，建议应用程序引导公民科学家获取更好的数据。

【32题详解】

细节理解题。根据第一段“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.(今天，大多数生物多样性 记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。)”可知，现在收集的物种记录大多是以电子形式存在的。故选B。

【33题详解】

细节理解题。根据第二段“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens (标本), and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change, I wanted to know: Are they usable? (这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗?)”和第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.(Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”可知，Daru的研究聚焦于观察数据，即人们通过移动应用记录的物种观察数据。故选C。

【34题详解】

细节理解题。根据第四段““We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias (使有偏差) data, like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it,” said Daru.(Daru说“我们特别感兴趣的是探索取样容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”)”以及第五段“This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.( 这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。)”可知，导致数据偏差的原因是采样方式的不当。故选C。

【35题详解】

推理判断题。根据最后一段“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data, biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.(生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。)”可知，Daru 建议生物多样性应用应该给公民科学家提供指导。故选D。

第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）

阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。

Not all great writers are great spellers.If you want to be published, it's vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript (原稿).____36____ No editor is likely to tolerate a writer who does not take the trouble to spell words correctly.

I keep two reference books close-by on my desk: dictionary and thesaurus (同义词词典).I don't trust my laptop's spellchecker.____37____ Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I'm old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.I use the Concise Oxford Dictionary and the Collins Thesaurus.

____38____ It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.

In addition, I have an old two-volume copy of the Shorter Oxford Dictionary, picked up a few years ago in a bookshop sale for just 99 pence.Of course, with its 2,672 pages, it's not exactly short.It contains around 163,000 words, plus word combinations and idiomatic phrases.____39____ However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there's nothing better.

For well over a hundred years the most influential English dictionary was Samuel Johnson's Dictionary of the English Language published in 1755."To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work," wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of "dull".____40____ A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.

A.I don't often use this dictionary.

B.It takes no account of the context.

C.But I still don't want to replace them.

D.But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.

E.Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.

F.That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.

G.Dictionaries don't always give you enough information.

【答案】36.F37.B38.E39.A40.D

【解析】

【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了作者使用英语词典的经验和心得以及从中获得的乐趣。

【36题详解】

上文“If you want to be published, it’s vital to submit a perfect, professionally presented manuscript(如果你想发表，提交一份完美的、专业的手稿是至关重要的)”提到了完美的、专业的手稿的重要性，手稿中不能有语法和拼写错误是专业的手稿的要求之一。F选项“That means good grammar and no spelling mistakes.(这意味着语法正确，没有拼写错误。)”是对手稿要求的进一步解释说明，符合题意。故选F项。

【37题详解】

上文“I don’t trust my laptop’s spellchecker.(我不相信我笔记本电脑的拼写检查器。)”提到了作者不相信电脑的拼写检查器;下文“Of course, these days there are plenty of online dictionaries and thesauruses, but I’m old-fashioned enough to prefer a hard cover and pages I can leaf through with my fingers.(当然，现在有很多在线词典和同义词库，但我是一个守旧的人，更喜欢精装的书和能用手指翻阅的书页。)”提到了作者更喜欢实体书和能用手指翻阅的书页，说明电子设备可能不会考虑上下文，所以B选项“It takes no account of the context.(它不考虑上下文。)”解释了上文的原因，具有承上启下的作用。故选B项。

【38题详解】

下文“It should give you a precise definition of each word, thus differentiating it from other words whose meanings are similar, but not identical.It will also usually show how the word is pronounced.(它应该给出每个单词的精确定义，从而将其与其他含义相似但不相同的单词区分开来。它通常还会显示单词的发音。)”提到了字典的功能，E选项“Of course, a dictionary is not only for spelling.(当然，字典不仅仅是用来拼写的。)”提到了字典的部分功能，能引起下文内容。故选E项。

【39题详解】

下文“However, if I need to check the origin of a word or to look up examples of its usage, there’s nothing better.(然而，如果我需要检查一个单词的来源或查找其用法的例子，没有什么比这更好的了。)”提到了字典的使用情况，A选项“I don’t often use this dictionary.(我不经常用这本字典。)”是对字典使用频率的说明，与下文构成转折关系。故选A项。

【40题详解】

上文“ “To make dictionaries is dull (乏味) work, ” wrote Johnson, illustrating one definition of ”dull".(约翰逊在解释“dull”的一个定义时写道：“编字典是件无聊的工作(乏味)。”)”提到了编写字典是件乏味的工作，下文“A few minutes spent casting your eye over a page or two can be a rewarding experience.(花几分钟的时间浏览一两页是一种有益的体验。)”提到浏览字典也是一种阅读的乐趣，D选项“But a dictionary can be a pleasure to read.(但是一本字典读起来是一种乐趣。)”是作者对字典的评价，与上文的“乏味”形成对比，与上文构成转折关系。故选D项。

第三部分语言运用（共两节，满分30分）

第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

I’ve been motivated — and demotivated — by other folks’ achievement s all my life.

When I was a teenager, a neighborhood friend ____41____ a marathon race.Feeling motivated, I started running ____42____, but then two things happened.First, a girl I met one day told me she was ____43____ for a “super,” referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon.Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.To be honest, I ____44____ it! Between the girl making my ____45____ seem small and the pure boredom of jogging, I decided that the only ____46____ I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!

So I ____47____ cycling.I got a good bike and rode a lot.I ____48____ of entering cycle races until I flew to San Diego to visit my sister.While she was at work one day, I ____49____ her bike and went for a ride.The ____50____: The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.I’d never faced such ____51____.That day, I got ____52____ by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.When I got back home, suddenly riding my bike didn’t seem quite as ____53____.

I’ve ____54____ a lot since then.I’ve come to accept that whatever ____55____ I set for myself, they just have to be my own.

41.A.knewB.heldC.wonD.quit

42.A.regularlyB.silentlyC.proudlyD.recently

43.A.askingB.lookingC.waitingD.training

44.A.madeB.believedC.hatedD.deserved

45.A.advantageB.achievementC.contributionD.influence

46.A.wayB.riskC.placeD.reason

47.A.gave upB.went onC.turned toD.dealt with

48.A.heardB.dreamedC.complainedD.approved

49.A.paintedB.borrowedC.boughtD.parked

50.A.problemB.secretC.principleD.advice

51.A.dangersB.eventsC.opponentsD.challenges

52.A.passedB.convincedC.admiredD.stopped

53.A.reliableB.convenientC.familiarD.appealing

54.A.traveledB.maturedC.missedD.worried

55.A.limitsB.datesC.goalsD.tests

【答案】41.C42.A43.D44.C45.B46.D47.C48.B49.B50.A51.D52.A53.D54.B55.C

【解析】

【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。它详细叙述了作者在不同阶段对不同运动（跑步和骑自行车）的兴趣和经历，并通过这些经历反映了作者的成长和心理变化。

【41题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我十几岁的时候，一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。A.knew知道；B.held抓住；C.won赢得；D.quit退出。根据后文“Feeling motivated”可知，作者有了动力，所以此处应是一个邻居朋友赢得了马拉松比赛。故选C项。

【42题详解】

考查副词词义辨析。句意：有了动力，我开始定期跑步，但后来发生了两件事。A.regularly有规律地；B.silently默默地；C.proudly自豪地；D.recently最近。根据前文“Feeling motivated” 可知，作者有了动力，所以应是定期跑步，符合语境。故选A项。

【43题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：首先，有一天我遇到的一个女孩告诉我，她正在为“超级”马拉松训练，指的是52.4英里的双马拉松。A.asking要求；B.looking看；C.waiting等待；D.training训练。根据后文“referring to a 52.4-mile double marathon”可知，女孩要跑双马拉松，所以此处应是为之训练，符合语境。故选D项。

【44题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：说实话，我讨厌它!A.made制作；B.believed相信；C.hated讨厌；D.deserved值得。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“Between the girl making my       5       seem small and the pure boredom of jogging”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles和女孩一比微不足道，所以是讨厌这个成绩。故选C项。

【45题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我! A.advantage优势；B.achievement成就；C.contribution贡献；D.influence影响。根据前文“Then, the next day I went on my longest run — 15 miles.”以及后文“seem small”可知，作者最长跑了15 miles，而女孩在为52.4 miles做训练，所以应是作者的成就微不足道。故选B项。

【46题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那个女孩面前，我的成就显得微不足道，再加上慢跑的无聊，我决定我再跑步的唯一理由就是有一只大狗在追我!A.way方式；B.risk风险；C.place地方；D.reason理由。根据后文“I’d ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，有一只大狗在追“我”，“我”才会再跑步，这里说的是跑步的原因。故选D项。

【47题详解】

考查动词短语辨析。句意：所以我开始骑自行车。A.gave up放弃；B.went on继续；C.turned to转向；D.dealt with处理。根据前文“I decided that the only6I'd ever run again is if a big dog was running after me!”可知，作者决定放弃跑步，所以此处应是转向骑自行车。故选C项。

【48题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：我梦想着参加自行车比赛，直到我飞到圣地亚哥去看我妹妹。A.heard听到；B.dreamed梦想；C.complained抱怨；D.approved批准。根据后文“of entering cycle races”结合选项可知，此处应是作者梦想着参加自行车比赛，符合语境。故选B项。

【49题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一天她上班的时候，我借了她的自行车去兜风。A.painted把……描绘成；B.borrowed借；C.bought买；D.parked停(车)。根据前文“I flew to San Diego to visit my sister”以及后文“went for a ride”可知，作者去看妹妹，所以要去骑行的话，应是向妹妹借自行车。故选B项。

【50题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：问题是：那里的道路穿过很大的山谷，我一次要骑上坡好几英里。A.problem问题；B.secret秘密；C.principle原则；D.advice建议。根据后文“I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.I’d never faced such        11       .”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说，是一个问题。故选A项。

【51题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我从来没有遇到过这样的挑战。A.dangers危险；B.events事件；C.opponents对手；D.challenges挑战。根据前文“The        10        : The roads there went through large valleys where I’d be riding uphill for miles at a time.”可知，作者要骑上坡好几英里，这对他来说是一个挑战。故选D项。

【52题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：。那天，我被大约100个习惯了这种道路的“当地”骑自行车的人超过了。A.passed超过；B.convinced说服；C.admired欣赏；D.stopped阻止。根据前文“I’d never faced such          11        .”可知，作者骑上坡好几英里是个挑战，所以是被很多人超过。故选A项。

【53题详解】

考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我回到家，突然骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。A.reliable可信赖的；B.convenient方便的；C.familiar熟悉的；D.appealing吸引人的。根据前文“That day, I got 　　12　　by about 100 “local” bikers who were used to such roads.”可知，作者那天骑行被100多人超过，所以此时是觉得骑自行车似乎不那么吸引人了。故选D项。

【54题详解】

考查动词词义辨析。句意：从那以后我成熟了很多。A.traveled旅行；B.matured (情感和认识)成熟；C.missed思念；D.worried担心。根据后文“I’ve come to accept that whatever 　　15　　 I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，作者不再轻易放弃，所以是成熟了很多。故选B项。

【55题详解】

考查名词词义辨析。句意：我已经开始接受这样一个事实：无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的。A.limits限制；B.dates日期；C.goals目标；D.tests测试。根据后文“I set for myself, they just have to be my own.”可知，此处应是“无论我为自己设定什么目标，它们都必须是我自己的”，符合语境。故选C项。

第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Heatherwick Studio recently built a greenhouse at the edge of the National Trust’s Woolbeding Gardens.This beautiful structure, named Glasshouse, is at the centre of a new garden that shows how the Silk Road influences English gardens even in modern times.

The latest ____56____ (engineer) techniques are applied to create this protective ____57____ (function) structure that is also beautiful.The design features ten steel “sepals (萼片)” made of glass and aluminium (铝).These sepals open on warm days ____58____ (give) the inside plants sunshine and fresh air.In cold weather, the structure stays ____59____ (close) to protect the plants.

Further, the Silk Route Garden around the greenhouse ____60____ (walk) visitors through a journey influenced by the ancient Silk Road, by which silk as well as many plant species came to Britain for ____61____ first time.These plants included modern Western ____62____ (favourite) such as rosemary, lavender and fennel.The garden also contains a winding path that guides visitors through the twelve regions of the Silk Road.The path offers over 300 plant species for visitors to see, too.

The Glasshouse stands ____63____ a great achievement in contemporary design, to house the plants of the southwestern part of China at the end of a path retracing (追溯) the steps along the Silk Route ____64____ brought the plants from their native habitat in Asia to come to define much of the _____65_____ (rich) of gardening in England.

【答案】56.engineering  57.functional 58.to give 59.closed 60.walks 61 the62.favorites 63.as64.which/that 65.richness

【解析】

【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Heatherwick工作室最近公布的一个新项目——一个位于国家信托基金会伍尔贝丁花园边缘的动态温室，并详细描述了该温室的设计、功能、以及它如何与丝绸之路的历史和丝绸之路花园相结合。

【56题详解】

考查名词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。根据句意可知，空处考查短语engineering techniques，意为“工程技术”，符合句意。故填engineering。

【57题详解】

考查形容词。句意：最新的工程技术被用来创造一个同样美丽的保护功能结构。空处修饰名词structure，应用形容词作定语functional，符合题意。故填functional。

【58题详解】

考查非谓语动词。句意：温室在温暖 日子里开放，利用液压系统为内部植物提供阳光和通风。use sth.to do sth.为固定搭配，表示“使用某物去做某事”，所以空处应用动词不定式形式作宾语补足语。故填to give。

【59题详解】

考查形容词。句意：然后在寒冷的天气里，这个结构保持关闭，以保护亚热带植物。空处用于stays之后作表语，应用形容词closed，表示“紧闭的”，符合题意。故填closed。

【60题详解】

考查时态和主谓一致。句意：此外，围绕温室的丝绸之路花园带领游客走过一段受古丝绸之路影响的旅程。walk sb.through，意为“带领某人穿过……”，空处为本句谓语动词，根据上文可知，本句时态为一般现在时，主语the Silk Route Garden为单数，谓语动词应用第三人称单数形式。故填walks。

【61题详解】

考查冠词。句意：亚洲和欧洲之间的贸易路线第一次为英国带来了丝绸、香料和许多植物。固定搭配：for the first time，意为“第一次”，符合句意。故填the。

【62题详解】

考查名词的数。句意：这些植物包括现代西方最受喜爱的迷迭香、薰衣草和茴香。favorite是可数名词，意为“特别受喜爱的东西”，根据空后such as rosemary, lavender and fennel可知，空处应用名词的复数形式。故填favorites。

【63题详解】

考查介词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”根据句意可知，空处指的是“作为”，应用介词as。故填as。

【64题详解】

考查定语从句。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处引导限制性定语从句，修饰先行词design，先行词指物，关系词在定语从句中作主语，用关系代词which或that引导从句。故填which/that。

【65题详解】

考查名词。句意：Mark Woodruff补充说：“这是当代设计的最高成就，在丝绸之路的尽头，中国亚热带西南部的植物群从温带的欧洲穿过山脉、干旱的土地和高山牧场，这些植物从亚洲的原生栖息地带到英国，定义了英国园艺的丰富和荣耀。”空处与glory并列，应用名词形式richness，作介词of的宾语。故填richness。

第四部分写作（共两节，满分40分）

第一节（满分15分）

66.假定你是李华，上周五你们班在公园上了一堂美术课。请你给英国朋友Chris写一封邮件分享这次经历，内容包括：

（1）你完成的作品；

（2）你的感想。

注意：

（1）写作词数应为80个左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

Dear Chris,

I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

__________________

Yours,

Li Hua

【答案】

Dear Chris,

I’m writing to share with you an art class I had in a park last Friday.

We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most.Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

The entire experience was incredibly refreshing.Being surrounded by nature not only sparked my creativity but also offered a much-needed break from the usual hustle and bustle of school life.I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.

In a word, It was not just an art class; it was a moment of connection with nature that I truly cherished.

Yours,

Li Hua

【解析】

【导语】本篇是应用文写作。要求考生给Chris写一封信, 分享在公园上美术课的经历。

【详解】1.词汇积累

决定：decide→determine

整个的：entire→whole

提供：offer→provide

总之：in a word→in short

2.句式拓展

简单句变复合句

原句：Inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, surrounded by blooming flowers.

拓展句：Because I was inspired by the fantastic scenery, I decided to create a watercolor painting of the small bridge over the park’s pond, which was surrounded by blooming flowers.

【点睛】[高分句型1]We were tasked to draw or paint something that impressed us most.(that引导的定语从句)

[高分句型2] I felt a deep sense of peace as I painted.(as引导的时间状语从句)

第二节（满分25分）

67.阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。

I met Gunter on a cold, wet and unforgettable evening in September.I had planned to fly to Vienna and take a bus to Prague for a conference.Due to a big storm, my flight had been delayed by an hour and a half.I touched down in Vienna just 30 minutes before the departure of the last bus to Prague.The moment I got off the plane, I ran like crazy through the airport building and jumped into the first taxi on the rank without a second thought.

That was when I met Gunter.I told him where I was going, but he said he hadn't heard of the bus station.I thought my pronunciation was the problem, so I explained again more slowly, but he still looked confused.When I was about to give up, Gunter fished out his little phone and rang up a friend.After a heated discussion that lasted for what seemed like a century, Gunter put his phone down and started the car.

Finally, with just two minutes to spare we rolled into the bus station.Thankfully, there was a long queue (队列) still waiting to board the bus.Gunter parked the taxi behind the bus, turned around, and looked at me with a big smile on his face."We made it," he said.

Just then I realised that I had zero cash in my wallet.I flashed him an apologetic smile as I pulled out my Portuguese bankcard.He tried it several times, but the card machine just did not play along.A feeling of helplessness washed over me as I saw the bus queue thinning out.

At this moment, Gunter pointed towards the waiting hall of the bus station.There, at the entrance, was a cash machine.I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the machine, and popped my card in, only to read the message: "Out of order.Sorry."

注意：

（1）续写词数应为150个左右；

（2）请按如下格式在答题纸的相应位置作答。

I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.

___________________________

Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.

_________________________

【答案】参考范文

Para 1

I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do.Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment.“If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained.“May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you.I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card.Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch.He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me.“Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words.Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.I ran back to Gunter and told him the bad news.He looked at me in disbelief, asking me what to do.Flashing him another apologetic smile, I begged him for a delayed payment.“If I miss this last bus to Prague, I’ll be late for the conference which is so important that I can’t afford to miss it!” I explained.“May I have your phone number? I will call you and return the money I owe you.I promise I will keep my word or you keep my watch!” I added, handing him my watch as well as my business card.Gunter accepted my business card but rejected my watch.He wrote down his phone number and gave it to me.“Just keep your promise, Sir.” A feeling of gratitude washed over me as I heard his words.Giving him a firm handshake, I jumped out of the car, made a mad run for the bus, and jumped onto it just before its departure.

Para 2

Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him.We chatted happily on the way to the airport.I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly.When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight.We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly.I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.Four days later, when I was back in Vienna, I called Gunter as promised.He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.Beaming a warm smile at him, I gave him a big hug the moment I saw him.We chatted happily on the way to the airport.I told him that thanks to his generosity and timely help, everything had gone smoothly.When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.I also gave him an attractive souvenir I had bought at Prague, which he accepted with delight.We became good friends and kept in touch with each other regularly.I felt blessed to have such a warm-hearted friend like Gunter.

【解析】

【导语】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者在一次因风暴延误的旅途中，匆忙搭乘出租车前往车站赶最后一班去布拉格的公共汽车。司机冈特不熟悉车站位置，通过电话求助后顺利抵达。到达时作者却发现自己没带现金，尝试用葡萄牙银行卡支付没有成功，而车站的取款机也故障了。

【详解】1.段落续写：

①由第一段首句内容“我跑回到冈特那里，告诉他这个坏消息。”可知，第一段可描写作者留下冈特的电话，承诺会还钱给对方，冈特同意，最终作者及时登上了公共汽车。

②由第二段首句内容“四天后，当我回到维也纳时，我按照承诺给冈特打了电话。”可知，第二段可描写作者付费给冈特，并向对方表示感激，两人成为了好朋友。

2.续写线索：作者给出解决办法——承诺还钱——冈特同意——作者登上公共汽车——履行承诺还钱——两人成为朋友

3.词汇激活

行为类

①拒绝：reject/refuse

②给某人拥抱：give sb.a hug/embrace sb.

③记下，写下：write down/set down

情绪类

①难以置信地：in disbelief/incredibly/unbelievably

②开心地：happily/joyfully

【点睛】【高分句型1】He picked me up at the bus station where he had dropped me off four days before.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）

【高分句型2】When he stopped his taxi outside the airport, I paid him for the “double car ride”, back and forth from the airport to the bus station, together with a generous tip that he turned down.（运用了when引导的时间状语从句，that引导的限制性定语从句）

Text 1

M:Thanks for the wonderful weekend，Kate.

W:That's okay.Bob and I are glad you came to see us.

M:Oh, I have to go in.My flight will take off soon.Do contact me when you're in Sydney.

W:Sure, we will.

Text 2

W:Paul, listen to the radio.It's You've Stolen My Heart, one of the songs played at our wedding.

M:Yeah, how beautiful! It's been popular for almost two decades.

Text 3

W:David, forget about Mark.His aunt is in town, so he can't go with us today.

M:Oh, what a pity! It's the last day of the art show.

Text 4

W:How may I help you?

M:I bought a desk and asked for it to be delivered to my house this Friday.

W:Yes, what's the problem ?

M:I need to have it delivered this Saturday.

Text 5

W:Next,please.

M:Oh, hi, I missed my 9 o'clock train to Bedford.Do I have to buy another ticket?

W:No.The next train leaves at a quarter to ten at Platform 11.

M:Thank you.

Text 6

W:Honey, have you checked today's weather forecast?

M:Yes, it's cold and wet.There is a warning for strong winds up to 100 kilometers per hour.

W:What are we going to do then ?

M:Nothing much.Just stay indoors.There is a risk of falling trees and power lines.

W:Right.

M:And the low temperatures could bring snow to the forest area.

W:I hope it's over quickly.

M:Well, it won't get better until late Wednesday.Anyway, I have to move the car away from the trees.

W:Yeah, you cannot be too careful.

Text 7

W:Hello, Dave.This is Kathy from Sunny California.

M:Hi, Kathy.You finally call.How was the move? All settled in?

W:Sorry, I hadn't called sooner, but it's been a busy month.We're slowly getting things set up in our new home.

M:Yeah, I understand.How are Jeff and the children?

W:Jeff is doing well with his new job, Tom has made many new friends here and has a lot to do.Fiona is fine, though she misses her grandma.By the way, thank you for looking in on my mother from time to time.I call her every week, but it isn't the same as seeing her.

M:No problem.Betty and l are friends now.How is the weather there?

W:It's nice and warm, and we are able to spend some time every week on the beach with the children.

M:That's great.

Text 8

W:Jack, how did you get to school when you were in primary school?

M:I lived close to my school, so I walked every day.Why?

W:Well, I remember that when we were kids, we often walked, rode a bike, or caught the bus to school.Few of us were dropped off at the school gate by our parents.

M:I see what you mean.These days you can see traffic jams around schools that drop off and pick up times.But it's hard to blame the parents.They have good reasons for driving their kids to school, mostly to do with safety and convenience.

W:You have a point there, but it could also mean children are missing out on much needed exercise and other life skills.Some parents are just being overprotective, with their children learning nothing, but living in fear of everything.Studies have found that children who spend more time outside tend to be healthier, better adjusted, and better at dealing with stress.

Text 9

M:So, Marie, your kitchen garden looks excellent.What made you turn to social media to record your vegetable growing?

W:Initially, I used the online platform as a diary, something to look back on, giving me a sense of achievement and keeping me motivated and moving forward.As time went by, other gardeners and like-minded people began to follow my progress, too.

M:I know you grow lots of fruit on your land.Which would you recommend to beginners as the best to grow?

W:Strawberries would be a good choice.They produce a lot of fruit in their first season.

M:That's cool.Well, do you have plans to try new or any particular crops next year?

W:Next season, I will be adding some pear trees to the fruit area.I will be adding more herbs, which I can use in the kitchen.And, after a couple of years of failure, I will try growing carrots again.

M:What advice would you offer someone thinking of doing kitchen gardening?

W:Have a plan of what you want your kitchen garden to look like.Don't be too discouraged if things don't go according to plan.Learn from your mistakes and move on.There's always next season.

Text 10

Welcome to Meet the Author.Well, many readers of Sports Times turn to the last page of their magazine first in order to read Jacob Johnson's weekly article under the title, Life of Johnson.The articles, along with his novels and essay collections, have earned Johnson the reputation as one of the funniest humans on the planet.Johnson began writing about sports as a second-year student at the University of Colorado, covering high school volleyball games for his hometown newspaper.After graduating in 1981, he moved on to work at The Denver Weekly for two years and the Los Angeles Post for two more years before landing at Sports Times.He has been voted National Sports Writer of the Year 11 times.So now, let's welcome the funny man with serious talent, Jacob Johnson.