二、连词的种类

　　连词有两类：

　　1）从属连词：引导从句。随着从句作用不同，它们又可分为几类：

 

从句种类	主要从属连词
时间从句	when while as before after until till whenever
条件从句	if unless supposing provided(ing) suppose
目的从句	in order that so that that so lest
结果从句	so…that such…that so that so
原因从句	because as since
让步从句	although though even though(if) while
方式从句	as like the way as if as though
地点从句	where wherever
比较从句	than as

 

 

表示意思转折的连词	but yet however nevertheless
表示因果关系的连词	for so therefore hence
其他并列连词	and or either…or neither…nor not only…but also both…and as well as

从属连词
1. 引导时间状语从句的连词

　　这类连词主要有：

　　when:

　　Don’t get excited when you talk. 讲话时别激动。

　　When he got up he felt dizzy. 他站起身时感到头晕。

　　while:

　　We must strike while the iron is hot. 我们要趁热打铁。

　　While she ate she grew more restless. 她一边吃一边变得更加忐忑不安。

　　as:

　　As he spoke two men came up. 在他讲话时两个人走了进来。

　　He smiled as he passed. 他经过时笑了笑。

　　before:

　　Look before you leap. 三思而后行。

　　It will be five years before we meet again. 要五年后咱们才能再相见。

　　after:

　　I arrived after he had left. 在他走后我到了。

　　I’ll tell them after you have left. 你走后我在告诉他们。

　

　　until, till :

　　I’ll take no steps until you arrive. 你来之前我不会采取什么行动。

　　I propose waiting till the police get here. 我建议等警察来了再说。

　　since:

　　How long is it since you came to London? 你到伦敦有多久了？

　　It was years since I had seen her. 我有好多年没见到她了。

　　whenever:

　　I go and visit him whenever I’m in town. 我每次进城都去看他。

　　Whenever possible, they play outside. 一有机会他们就到外面玩耍。
2. 引导条件状语从句的连词

　　1）条件状语从句主要由if, unless, supposing(suppose)引导：

　　if:

　　I must leave if that’s the case. 如果情况如此我就得走了。

　　He will come if asked. 如果邀请的话他会来的。

　　unless:

　　I won’t write unless he writes first. 我不写信，除非他先给我写。

　　I’ll go there tomorrow unless it rains. 除非下雨，否则我明天去那里。

　　supposing:

　　Supposing that he asks you, will you go? 假定他请你去，你会去吗？

　　Supposing his plan goes wrong, what will you do then?

　　
　　suppose:

　　Suppose she finds out, what shall we do then? 假如她发现了，我们怎么办？

　　Suppose you lost your job tomorrow, what would you do? 假定你明天失业，你怎么办？

　　provided:

　　I will agree to go provided(providing) (that) my expenses are paid.

　　如果有人给我掏路费我将同意去。

　　She agreed to go and work there provided that her family could go with her.

　　providing:

　　I’ll dry the dishes, providing that you do the washing-up. 如果你刷盘子，我就将它们擦干。

　　2）条件状语从句还有其他形式：

　　You will always have a home as long as I have anything.

　　只要我有家产，你就永远会有一个家。

　　They’ll stand by you even if you don’t succeed. 即使你不成功，他们也会支持你。

　　此外，as long as, so long as, in case, even if 都起连词作用。
3. 引导目的状语从句的连词

　　引导目的的状语从句的连词主要有下面这些：

　　in order that:

　　He left early in order that his children would not be alone in the house.

　　他早早动身，以免孩子们单独待在家里。

　　I lent him ￡50 in order(so )that he might go for a holiday.

　　我借给他50英镑，使他能去渡假。

　　so that:

　　Ask her to hurry up with the letters so that I can sign them.

　　让她快点把信打好，以便我能签字。

　　Please interpret this Chinese woman’s remarks so that I can understand them.

　　请翻译一下这位中国妇女的话以便我能听动。

　　so:

　　Can’t you fix it somehow so you could stay longer?

　　难道你不能作某种安排以便能多待些日子？

　　I’ll give him a map so he won’t get lost. 我会给他一张地图免得他迷路。

　　that:

　　She did it that he might go free. 她这样做以便他能获得自由。

　　I am anxious to get done that I may be back in Ireland.

　　我急于完成此事以便能返回爱尔兰。

　　lest:

　　He hurried on, lest she should meet him again. 他赶紧往前走，惟恐她再碰到他。

　　He hid the money lest it should be stolen. 他把钱藏起来惟恐别人偷去
4. 引导结果状语从句的连词

　　1）结果状语从句主要由so…that和such…that 引导：

　　so…that:

　　He was so young that you must excuse him. 他那样年轻，你得原谅他。

　　He was so fat that he couldn’t get though the door. 他胖得连门都过不去了。

　　such…that:

　　Jim made such a noise that his sister told him to be quiet.

　　吉姆吵成那样，他姐姐让他安静点。

　　He shut the window with such force that the glass broke.

　　他关窗时那样使劲，连玻璃都震碎了。

　　They had such a fierce dog that no one dared to go near their house.

　　他们的狗那样凶，谁也不敢走近他们家。

　　that 有时可以省略，特别是在口语中。
5. 引导原因状语从句的连词

　　1）引导原因状语从句的连词主要有because, as, since:

　　because:

　　Because it was wet he took a taxi. 由于下雨他叫了一辆出租车。

　　He was worried because he hadn’t had any letter from her.

　　他很担忧因为他没收到过她一封信。

　　as:

　　As David had a passion for walking, we started off on foot.

　　由于大卫喜欢走路，我们就步行出发了。

　　As you’re sorry, I’ll forgive you. 既然你悔悟了，我就原谅你。

2）还有一些表示原因的状语从句由seeing（that）,considering(that)或now that等引导：

　　Please don’t try to back out now that everything has been arranged.

　　现在一切都安排好了，请不要打退堂鼓。

　　Now you’re here, you may make yourself useful. 你已经来了，不妨帮帮忙。

　　3）许多用在形容词后的that从句也起原因状语的作用（that 有时可省略）：

　　She was glad that she had controlled herself. 她很高兴控制住了自己。

　　I’m disappointed that they cannot come. 他们不能来我很失望。

　　连词常考到的有以下几个词组：

1.both ...and：表示"两者都...".注意：当both...and 连接主语时，后面动词一般要用复数。如：Both Lily and Lucy are right.
2.not only... but also: "不仅...而且..."。注意：后面动词采用就近原则,与but also后的词保持一致。
如：Not only my parents but also my brother likes the cat.
3.either...or:"或者...或者..."。注意谓语动词采用就近原则。如：Either you or I am wrong.
4.neither...nor："既不...也不..." 是 "either...or" 的否定形式。谓语动词采用就近原则，与nor后的词保持一致。　　
如：Neither you nor he is right.
5.or的用法： 意思为"否则"。如：I must work hard, or I'll fail in the exam.(我必须好好学习，否则我会考不及格了。)
6.while, when, as
这三个连词都可引导时间状语从句，但用法有所不同。
1) 当某事正在进行的时候，又发生了另一件事。While, when, as 都可用来引导表示“背景”的时间状语从句。例如：
As/When/While I was walking down the street I noticed a police car.
2) 当两个长动作同时进行的时候，最常用的是while。例如：
While mother was cooking lunch, I was doing my homework.
3) 当两个动作都表示发展变化的情况时，最常用的是as。例如：
As children get older, they become more and more interested in things around them.
4) 当两个短动作同时发生时，或表示“一边…一边…”时，最常用as。例如：
Just as he caught the fly, he gave a loud cry.
She looked behind from time to time as she went
5) 当从句的动作先于主句的动作时，通常用when。例如：
When he finished his work, he took a short rest.
6) 当从句是瞬间动作，主句是延续性动作时，通常用when。例如：
When John arrived I was cooking lunch.
7.as, because, since , for
这四个词都可表原因，但用法有区别。
1) 如果原因构成句子的最主要部分，一般用because。因此，because引导的从句往往放在句末。例如：
I stayed at home because it rained.
---Why aren’t you going?
---Because I don’t want to.
2) 如果原因已被人们所知，或不如句子的其它部分重要，就用as或since。Since比as稍微正式一点。As和since 引导的从句一般放在句子的开头。例如：
As he wasn’t ready, we left without him.
Since I have no money, I can’t buy any food.
3) for用来补充说明一种理由，因此，for引导的从句几乎可以放在括号里。For引导的句子不放在句子的开头。例如：
I decided to stop and have lunch----for I was feeling quite hungry.
8.if, whether
if和whether都可作“是否”讲，在引导宾与从句是一般可互换。例如：
I wonder whether (if) you still study in that school.
I don’t know whether (if) he likes that film.
在下列情况下，只能用whether,不能用if：
1) 引导主语从句时。例如：
Whether he will come to the party is unknown.
2) 引导表语从句时。例如：
The question is whether I can pass the exam.
3) 在不定式前。例如：
I haven’t made up my mind whether to go there or not.
9.so…that, such...that
1) so…that中的so是个副词，其后只能跟形容词或副词，而such...that中的such是个形容词，后接名词或名词短语。例如：
I’m so tired that I can’t walk any farther.
It was such a warm day that he went swimming.
2) 如果在名词之前有many, much, little, few时，用so,不用such。例如：
He has so little education that he is unable to get a job.
I have had so many falls that I am black and blue all over.
10.although, but
这两个连词不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Although he is
over sixty, but he works as hard as others.”这个句子应改为：Although he is over sixty, he works as hard as others.或He is over sixty, but he works as hard as others.
11.because, so
这两个连词同样不能用在同一个句子中。例如：我们不能说“Because John
was ill, so I took him to the doctor.” 这个句子应改为Because John was ill, I took him to the doctor.或John was ill, so I took him to the doctor.

1. Usually we don't realize how important nature is to us______ it is too late.
　　A. unless B. until C. if D. after

　　2．Go to bed early，______ you won't get up on time next morning.
　　A．then B．and C．but D．or

　　3．Tony is a clever boy，______ he usually fails in Chinese exams.
　　A．so B．but C．or D. because

　　4. Could you please give me your e-mail address ____ you go?
　　A. as soon as B. before C. after D. until

　　5. Don't get off the bus ____ it has stopped .
　　A. until B. if C. to D. for

　　6. He met many problems ____ he was going over his lessons .
　　A. before B. as soon as C. since D. while

　　7. We have been good friends ____ we joined the same ping-pong team.
　　A. after B. before C. since D. until

　　8. My brother is going to look for another job______the company offers him more money．
　　A. after B.when C unless D．besides

　　9. I didn't know he came back ____ I met him in the street.
　　A. since B. when C. until D. after

　　10. -Look! Here comes our school bus.
　　-No hurry. Don't get on it ______it has stopped.
　　A. until B. after C. since D. when

　　11. When someone is ill, he ____ she should try to smile at life.
　　A. and B. but C. or D. so

　　12. Come ____ see my family.
　　A. and B. or C. but D.until

　　13. - How long have you known the doctor ?
　　- ____ he helped me three years ago.
　　A. When B. Before C. Because D. Since

　　14. Study hard, ____ you'll fall behind the others.
　　A. and B. but C. or D. though

　　15．-Be careful， ____ you will make mistakes in your exams．
　　-I know that，Mum．One can never be too careful．
　　A．and B．or C．nor D．but

　　16．I arrived at the airport____ the plane had taken off．
　　A.after B．while C．when D．beflore

　　17.Uncle Wang gave all his savings to the Hope School____ he himself was not rich.
　　A.because B.as if C.though D.or

　　18. The dress fits me well,____ I don't want to buy it because it's too expensive.
　　A. so B. and C. or D. but

　　19. English is interesting, _____ I didn't like it at first.
　　A. and B. so C. but D. or

　　20. -Would you like to come to dinner tonight?
　　-I will ________ I'm not too busy.
　　A. and B. if C. so D. but

　1-5 BDBBA 　　6-10 DCCCA　11-15 CADCB　16-20 DCBCB

(2010河北省卷30. 1) Jenny, put on your coat______ you will catch a cold.
　　A. but B. and C. or D. so
　　【答案】C

　　(2010四川省内江市30. 1)-What do you think of this skirt?
　　-It's beautiful and it fits we well,_______I like it very much.
　　A.since B.so C.but
　　【答案】B

　　（2010江苏省南京市11. 1）-I don't think your uncle really like drama series.
　　-No,________he still watches the programe
　　A.and B..so C.or D.but
　　【答案】D

　　(2010江苏省宿迁市17. 1)_______ they are twin brothers, they don't look like each other.
　　A. Though B. Since C. However D. When
　　【答案】A

　　(2010年上海市38. 1)Money is important ,________it can't buy everything.
　　A.for B.but C.or D.so
　　【答案】B

　　（2010四川省成都市35. 1）I won't be able to understand what you say,_______you speak too quickly.
　　A.if B.though C.because
　　【答案】C

　　（2010湖北省黄冈市36，1）-Wang Jinquan,a teacher from Qichun,has supported many poor students to college.
　　-______he himself lives a plain（相素的）life.
　　A.So B.But C.Because D.Though
　　【答案】B

　　（2010浙江省湖州市22，1）-Is everyone here today?
　　-No.Tom is at home_____he has got a bad cold.
　　A.because B.if C.until D.unless
　　【答案】A

　　（2010吉林省通化市43，1）-What is our head teacher like,do you know?
　　-Oh,he is very kind _______he looks very serious.
　　A.because B.though C.if D.when
　　【答案】B

　　（2010山西省27，1）In summer , food goes bad easily ________ it is put in the refrigerator.
　　A. until B. if C. unless
　　【答案】C

　　（2010河南省25，1）______it's difficult to make her dream come true，she never gives up
　　A Though B Unless C Because D If
　　【答案】A

　　（2010湖北省荆州市24，1） -Why didn't Betty come to school yesterday?
　　-_________ she was ill.
　　A．But B．Though C．If D．Because
　　【答案】D

　　（2010陕西省27，1）Be careful,________you'll miss the right answer.
　　A.and B.or C.but D.so
　　【答案】B

　　（2010山东省聊城市32，1）I bought my son a birthday present ,__________he liked it very much.
　　A.or B.but C.and D.so
　　【答案】C

　　（2010广西省梧州市35，1）-Why do you like pandas?
　　-_______they are very cute.
　　A.If B.Because C.So D.Although
　　【答案】B

　　（2010山东省莱芜市27，1）-I hear Jack Chan will come to Laiwu next week.
　　-Really? _______ he comes, my younger sister will be very happy,
　　A．If B．Until C．Unless D．Before
　　【答案】A

　　（2010贵州省铜仁市35，1）- May I go to the concert with you?
　　- I'm afraid not ____ you have a ticket, because I have only one.
　　A. since B. if C. unless D. though
　　【答案】C

　　（2010山东省菏泽市27，1）Mary spends a lot of money on clothes _______ her family is not rich.
　　A. because B. though C. if D. so
　　【答案】B
（2010山东省菏泽市30，1） There goes the bell. Hurry up, _______you'll be late for class.
　　A. and B. or C. so D. but
　　【答案】B

　　（2010黑龙江省哈尔滨市27，1）To make our dreams come true, we are supposed to set goals ___________ then try our best to achieve them.
　　A. or B. and C. but
　　【答案】B

　　（2010湖北省襄樊市36，1）- Emma failed her exams. I think she should work harder .
　　- I agree . ________ she does , she 'll get good grades .
　　A. If B. Because C. Before D. Though
　　【答案】A

　　（2010黑龙江省鸡西市29，1）Usually, we don't know how important something is ______ we lose it.
　　A. or B. until C. as soon as
　　【答案】B

　　（2010北京市28，1）-Would you like to go to the concert with me? -I'd love to, ______ I'm afraid I have no time.
　　A. so B. or C. and D. but
　　【答案】D

　　（2010广西省定西市15，1）She had a stomachache_______ she ate something bad.
　　A. so B. because C. or D. although
　　【答案】B

　　（2010广西南宁28. 1）He has a lot of money ,________he isn't happy.
　　A.and B.but C.so D.or
　　【答案】B

　　（2010天津市41，1）We won't start the meeting ______our teacher arrives.
　　A.though B.until C.while D.or
　　【答案】B

　　（2010青海省28，1）Bob is young, _______ he knows a lot.
　　A. because B. so C. but D. unless
　　【答案】C

　　（2010辽宁省沈阳市14，1）-Do you like playing tennis?
　　-No， ____ I like sports．I play football every Sunday
　　A．and B. but C．so D. or
　　 【答案】B

　　（2010辽宁省沈阳市8，1） ____ it snowed heavily yesterday, nobody in our class missed the lesson．
　　A．Though B．Because C．Unless D．Since
　　【答案】A

　　（2010江苏省镇江市8，1）A tourist will easily lose his way in Beijing _________ he has a map or a guide.
　　A. if B. because C. unless D. when
　　【答案】C

　　（2010湖北省宜昌市30，1）-So you were in the supermarket __________ you heard a strange sound, right?
　　-That's true. I ran out as quickly as possible.
　　A. when B. while C. then D. which
　　【答案】A

　　（2010浙江省杭州市24，1）Remember to spend some time ______ your loved ones, because they're not going to be around forever.
　　A. from B. with C. in D. on
　　【答案】D

　　（2010山东省滨州市24，1）24. _________ many children like KFC, I think they'd better try not to eat it too often.
　　A. Because B. When C. Although D. If
　　【答案】C

　　（2010四川省巴中市45，1）Several days has passed_______the air crash（空难） happened.
　　A.since B.after C.as
　　【答案】A

　　（2010四川省卷25，1）I don't have to introduce him to you ______ you know the boy.
　　A. until B. unless C. since D. but
　　【答案】C

　　（2010江苏省苏州市11，1）We'll visit Expo 2010 Shanghai this Sunday_______ it rains or it's very hot．
　　A．since B．if C．unless D．until
　　【答案】C

　　（2010浙江省东阳市27，1）Stop smoking, _______ you will get better soon.
　　A. and B. or C. but D. after
　　【答案】A

　　（2010台湾省11，1）Elsa hates going shopping,_______ she went last night when her grandpa asked her to buy some medicine for him.
　　A.because B.but C.if D.so
　　【答案】B