Lesson 14 The Butterfly Effect
第十四课蝴蝶效应
by JAMES GLEICK
from Chaos
14-1. Beyond two or three days, the world's best weather forecasts are speculative, and beyond six or seven they are worthless.
【译文】世界上最好的两三天以上的天气预报都具有很强的猜测性,如果超过六七天,天气预报就没任何价值了。
【单词和短语】
speculative:推测的,猜测性的(based on guessing, not on information or facts),
例如:
Government’s estimate of possible coal resources as lasting for 800 years is speculative.
政府关于煤的资源能够持续开采800年的估计纯粹是推断出来的。
speculative的动词形式为speculate,名词形式为speculation。
worthless:无价值的,不值钱的,没用处的(something that is worthless has no value, importance, or use),
例如:
worthless currency不值钱的货币
a worthless, broken tool不值钱的坏工具
worthless的同义词有valueless,反义词有worthwhile, worthy,valuable和invaluable。
14-2. The Butterfly Effect is the reason.
【译文】原因就在于蝴蝶效应。
【讲解】Butterfly Effect,即“蝴蝶效应”,指一个复杂系统中的微小变化可能导致别处的巨大变化(据称里约热内卢的一只蝴蝶扇动翅膀可能改变芝加哥的天气)。
14-3. For small pieces of weather—and to a global forecaster, small can mean thunderstorms and blizzards—any prediction deteriorates rapidly.
【译文】就小范围天气而言,任何预报都很快走样,而对于全球预报员来说,雷雨和暴风雪也算是小范围的事。
【单词和短语】
deteriorate:恶化,质量(价值)下降,退化,变质,堕落(to become worse),
例如:
Relations between the two countries began to deteriorate in the 1990s.
在20世纪90年代,两国关系开始恶化。
His work has deteriorated in recent years.
近年来他的工作质量逐渐下降。
His health deteriorated with age.
随着年龄增长,他的健康每况愈下。
deteriorate的名词形式为deterioration,形容词形式为deteriorative。
14-4. Errors and uncertainties multiply, cascading upward through a chain of turbulent features, from dust devils and squalls up to continent-size eddies that only satellites can see.
【译文】误差和不确定性剧烈放大,它们通过一系列湍流状态,从小尘暴和暴风剧增到只有卫星才能观察到的大陆范围的气旋。
【讲解】that only satellites can see系定语从句,修饰eddies。
【单词和短语】
turbulent在文中意为“湍流的”(turbulent air or water moves around a lot),该词的常见意为“动荡的,骚乱的”(a turbulent situation or period of time is one in which there are a lot of sudden changes),
例如:
a turbulent childhood 动荡的童年
a turbulent period of history 动荡的历史时期
a turbulent crowd 骚乱的人群
turbulent的名词形式为turbulence。
14-5. The modern weather models work with a grid of points of the order of sixty miles apart, and even so, some starting data has to be guessed, since ground stations and satellites cannot see everywhere.
【译文】现代气象模型以一个坐标图来显示,图中相邻两点约间隔60英里。既使是这样,有些开始时的资料也得靠猜测,因为地面工作站和卫星不可能看到每个地方。
【单词和短语】
of the order of:大约(approximately),
例如:
His income is of the order of $6000 a month.
他的月收入约为6000美元。
14-6. But suppose the earth could be covered with sensors spaced one foot apart, rising at one-foot intervals all the way to the top of the atmosphere.
【译文】但假设地球上可以布满间隔1英尺的传感器,并按1英尺的间隔从地面一直排到大气层顶端。
【单词和短语】
space:(用间隔)分隔开(to arrange objects or events so that they have equal spaces or periods of time between them),
例如:
a closely spaced series of explosions 相隔紧密的一系列爆炸
space one’s time evenly 均匀地分配时间
Letters might be spaced to two or three days. 每隔两三天会有信来。