- 考点精讲
- 高考集训
- 语法提升
【考点一】不定冠词a, an的用法
1.表示“某一个”,相当于some,译为“一个”。
—Could you tell me the way to the Johnsons,please?——请告诉我去约翰逊家怎么走?
—Sorry,we don’t have a Johnson here in the village.
——对不起,这个村庄里没有一个叫约翰逊的人。
Each of the students wanted to be a live Lei Feng.
每位学生都想成为活雷锋。
2.a+most表示“很”“非常”。
Qingdao is a most beautiful city.
青岛是一个非常美丽的城市。
3.序数词前一般加定冠词the 表示顺序,但序数词前可加不定冠词a(n),表示“另一个;又一个”。
Although he has failed twice,he would like to try a th ird time.
尽管他已经失败了两次,但他还想再试一次。
4.有些不可数名词如knowledge,collection,understanding 等是由其动词转化而来,它们后面加of...时,前面需用不定冠词a/an。
Tom owns a larger collection of books than any other student in ou r class.在我们班中,汤姆收集的书最多。
Many people agreed that a knowledge of English is a must in international trade today.
许多人都持相同的看法,在当前国际贸易交往中,英语知识是必备的知识。
5.不定冠词可用在形容词的比较级、最高级与序数词之前。“不定冠词+形容词的比较级+单数名词”表示“更……的一个”;“不定冠词+形容词的最高级”无比较意义。
He went to the USA in search of a better life.
为了寻找更美好的生活他去了美国。
6.不定冠词a(n)用于有形容词修饰的一日三餐前。
The walk is expected to last all day,so bring a packed lunch.
这段路程预计要走一整天,所以带一份盒装午饭。
【经典考题】
1.(2011?湖南十二校联考)If we expect ________much cleaner world,we should attract ________world’s attention to protecting the world.
A.a;a B.a;/
C.a;the D.the;/
解析: 考查冠词。第一空为泛指,指“一个更加干净的世界”;第二空world 前通常用定冠词。
答案: C
答案: B
2.First impressions are the most lasting.After all,you never get________second chance to make________first impression.
A.a;the B.the;the
C.a;a D.the;a
解析: 句意为:第一印象最持久。毕竟,你不会再有机会去形成第一印象。第一空后有second,在此表示再一次机会,而不是表顺序,应用不定冠词;第二空中的第一印象是泛指,也不是表示顺序,又根据题干可以判断impression 在此处是可数名词,可数名词单数表泛指时须用不定冠词,故选C项。
答案: C
3.(2011?南京模拟)We work together to achieve our common purpose:________world that is safer,cleaner and healthier than ________one we found.
A.the;the B.a;/
C.a;the D.the;/
解析: 考查冠词的用法。第一空表示泛指,用不定冠词;第二空后面由we found 限定,表特指,用定冠词。
答案: C
【考点二】定冠词the的用法
1.与某些可数名词单数连用,表示一类人或事物。
The camel is a very useful animal in desert.
骆驼是沙漠中一种很有用的动物。
2.用在上文已出现过或说话双方都熟悉的事物前,表示特指意义。
—Did you enjoy yourself yesterday?
——你昨天玩得开心吗?
—Yes,as you know,the party went on in a pleasant atmosphere.
——是的,正如你所知,晚会是在愉快的气氛中进行的。
3.by+表示具体单位的名词前要用定冠词。
Surprisingly,in that bookstore,books are sold by the dozen.
真想不到,在那个书店里书按打卖。
Cleaning women in big cities usually get paid by the hour.
在大城市里,清洁工一般按小时计算薪水。
4.用在表示某世纪、年代、时期或朝代的名词前。
It is not rare in the 1990s that people in their fifties are going to university for further education.
在二十世纪九十年代五十多岁的人上大学进修是不罕见的。
【经典考题】
1. Many lifestyle patterns do such________great harm to health that they actually speed up________weakening of the human body.
A.a;/ B./;the
C.a;the D./;/
解析: 句意为:很多生活方式对身体健康是很有害的,实际上它们能加快体质变弱。do harm to...为固定短语,意为“对……有害”;第二空为特指的用法,即特指体质变弱,故用定冠词 the。
答案: B
2.There are over 58,000 rocky objects in space,about 900 of which could fall down onto________earth.
A.the;the B./;the
C.the;/ D.a;the
解析: 用法,类似用法还有in nature,in society 等;第二空表示地球,独一无二的事物前须加定冠词the,如the moon,the sun等,所以选B。
答案: B
3.(2011?西城5月)—What do you think about ________dress in the shop window?
—Oh,it’s beautiful.You may give it to Linda as ________birthday present.
A.a;a B.the;a
C.a;the D.the;the
解析: 考查冠词的用法。第一空表特指橱窗里的那一件,所以要用定冠词the;第二空泛指一件礼物,所以要用不定冠词。
答案: B
4.(2011?陕西宝鸡检测二)During the camp trip,children were fascinated by ________wonders of ________nature.
A./;/ B./;the
C.the;/ D.the;the
解析: 考查冠词。第一空指在宿营中看到的那些大自然中的奇观,应该用定冠词表特指;第二空不用冠词,因为nature,society和space 前常不带任何冠词。
答案: C
5.(2011?烟台四校联考)It is clear that ________little money the invention will bring him can hardly support so large ________company.
A./;the B.a;the
C.a;/ D.the;a
解析: 考查冠词。句意为:很显然,这项发明带给他的不多的钱很难支撑如此庞大的一个公司。此题的关键在于hardly 的暗示,说明钱不多或很少,用little 表示“少量的,不多的”,后面又有定语从句修饰,故其前应加定冠词the;第二空处是so+adj.+a+可数名词结构。
答案: D
【考点二】零冠词的用法
1.系动词turn (变成)后的单数名词作表语,用零冠词。
Has he turned scientist?他成为科学家了吗?
After graduation from college he turned teacher (became a teacher).
大学毕业后,他成了一名教师。
The teacher came in,book in hand (=with a book in his hand/holding a book in his hand/a book (held) in his hand).
老师进来了,手里拿着一本书。
4.man 意为“人类”,word 意为“消息”时,其前不用冠词。
Air is to man what water is to fish.
人离不开空气就像鱼离不开水。
Word came that t he Chinese Women Football Team won the second prize in the World Cup.
消息传来说中国女足在世界杯获得第二。
5.no 与such 连用时应放在such 之前,such后的名词不用冠词。
No such thing has ever happened in this village.
村子里从未发生过这种事。
【经典考题】
1. The visitors here are greatly impressed by the fact that________people from all walks of life are working hard for________new Jiangsu.
A./;a B./;the
C.the;a D.the;t he
解析: 句意为:来江苏的游客都对此印象颇深——为了一个崭新的江苏,来自各行各业的人都在努力工作着。people 为复数名词,此处为泛指的用法,故第一空用零冠词;一般地名前不用冠词,但是如果前有形容词修饰时,表示类指,前面要用不定冠词。
答案: A
2.(2011?江西六校联考)The driver was at________loss when ________word came that he was forbidden to drive for speeding.
A.a;the B./;/
C.the;the D.a;/
解析: 句意为:当由于超速驾车而被禁驾的消息传来时,那位司机感到不知所措。at a loss 为固定习语,意为:不知所措,困惑不解,亏本;word 作a piece of news,message (消息,信息)讲时,与零冠词连用。又如:Please send (me)/leave word of your safe arrival/that you have arrived safely.请您把平安到达的消息告诉我。Word came that he had been admitted to Qinghua university.消息传来说他被清华大学录取了。
答案: D
3.(2011?东北三校第一次联考)The chairman will be pleased at ________scene that everything is in ________place.
A.a;a B.the;the
C.the;/ D./;the
解析: 考查冠词的用法。scene 后有定语从 句修饰,是特指;in place 表示“在正确的位置,准备妥当”,是固定搭配。
答案: C