1. look v. 看；望；看起来
【辨析】look/ see/ watch/ read
|
动词 |
常见用法总结 |
|
look |
强调看的动作，表示有意识地注意看，但不一定看到，以提醒对方注意；其后接宾语时加介词at；作系动词表示“看起来”，后接形容词作表语 |
|
see |
强调“看”的结果，后面能直接跟宾语；也可表示“理解；考虑”，如I see. 我明白了。see sb. do sth. 看见某人做了某事；see sb. doing sth. 看见某人正在做某事 |
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watch |
“观看，注视”，侧重于场面，表示全神贯注地观看、观察或注视某事务的活动，强调过程，常用于“看电视、看足球、看演出”等； 也可作名词“手表” |
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read |
强调”阅读，朗读” 如：看书，看报，看信，看杂志，看地图 |
【1-1】.Look _______ the blackboard and listen _______ the teacher.
A. / / B. at; to C. after; / D. on; after
【1-2】（2010·菏泽） I’m sorry, I didn’t _______ you clearly. Would you say it again?
A. hear B. notice C. see D. watch
【1-3】Jim likes_____books while his sister likes_____sports games on TV.
A. watching; looking B. reading; seeing
C. looking; watching D. reading; watching
2. family n. 家；家庭
【辨析】family / home / house
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名词 |
常见用法总结 |
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family |
“家庭”，“家庭成员”;指“家庭”时视为一个整体，谓语用单数形式；指“家庭成员”时视为集合名词，谓语用复数形式。 |
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home |
“家”，指一个人同家人共同经常居住的地方; |
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house |
“房子”，指居住的建筑物; |
【2-1】Jim's are watching TV AA.family B. home C.house D.families
【2-2】There are many new _______in our village. C
A. families B. homes C.houses D. home
【2-3】用 family / home / house 完成句子
① I often go _______ at five o’clock in the afternoon.
② There is a big tree in front of the _______.
③ There are eight people in my _______.
3. take v. 拿走；带到
【辨析】take / bring / carry / get / fetch
|
动词 |
常见用法总结 |
|
take |
“带走，拿走”，“take…to…”,指把某物（人）从说话处带到别处；强调方向，不着重方式。注意take在购物时可代替buy表示“买” |
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bring |
“带来，拿来”，“bring…to…”它与take所表示的方向相反。指把某物（人）从别处带到说话人所在的地方； |
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carry |
“提；拿”，不强调方向性，但有负重之意。 |
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fetch |
“取来，拿来” 指一往一返，相当于go and bring，去取了东西或带人再返回到出发处。强调的是动作的往返。 |
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get |
“取来，拿来”，口语用词，与fetch基本同义，语气随便。 |
【1-1】 (2010.江苏盐城)I’m sorry I left the book at home. I______ it here tomorrow,I promise.
A.bring B.will bring C.brought D.have brought
【1-2】（2010·湖北省襄樊市，27，1）— William , please remember to _________ the photo taken in Canada here when you come to school tomorrow . I’d like to have a look .
— OK. I’ll introduce something about it to you myself.
A. take B. pass C. bring D. carry
【1-3】（2010·浙江杭州）— Is tea ready?
— No, mother is ______ it ready now.
A. doing B. cooking C. burning D. getting
4. also adv. 也；亦；并且
【辨析】 also / too / either / as well
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副词 |
常见用法总结 |
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also |
一般用于肯定句或疑问句中实义动词前，系动词、助动词或情态动词后。 |
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too |
一般用于肯定句句末，也可用于疑问句，一般用逗号与前面的句子隔开。 |
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either |
用于否定句句末，前面加逗号。 |
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as well |
与too在句中的位置相同，两者可以互换，但as well前不需加逗号。 |
【4-1】 He is ________saying,“I don”t want any bread, _______.”
A. too, also B. also, too
C. either, too D. also, either
【4-2】 I ______ study English and Russian.
A. too B. also C. either D. as well
【4-3】Not only the children but ______their father is in town.
A. too B. also C. either D. as well
【4-4】 John _______ believes that bears hibernate in winter _____.
A. also, either B. too, as well
C. also, as well D. as well, too
【4-5】The foreigner can speak English, he can speak French _______.
A. neither B. also C. either D. as well
重点短语
lots of 许多；大量
1） lots of = a lot of= plenty of 可以修饰可数名词复数和不可数名词
2） 同义词：many +可数名词复数; much+不可数名词
Lots of / a lot of / many people eat fish on Fridays.
许多人每逢星期五吃鱼。
【1-1】---You look very tired this morning. What did you do yesterday afternoon?
---I did _______Christmas shopping.
A. a lot of B. a few of C. a number of D. a piece of
【1-2】---Did you have lots of fun in the picnic?
---Yes, it was so wonderful.
A. many B. much C. a lot D. few
【1-3】冰箱里有很多的蔬菜和肉，但是没有很多的牛奶。
There are _______ _______ vegetables and meat in the fridge, but there isn’t _______ milk.
重点句型
Let’s... 让我们...
【辨析】Let’s / Let us
1) Let’s do sth. 表示提建议，意为“咱们做某事吧”，反意疑问句用shall we;
2) Let us do sth. 表示请求第三者允许，意为“让我们做某事吧” 反意疑问句一般用will you.
【拓展】
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在英语中，表建议的方式有以下几种句型： ① Shall we do sth.? 我们做……吗？ ② Why not do sth.?=Why don’t you / we do sth.?为什么不……呢？ ③ You’d better (not) do sth. 你最好（不）做…… ④ Would you like to do sth. 你想……吗？ ⑤ What/How about doing sth. ……怎么样？ ⑥ It's a good idea to do sth 做某事是个好主意 ⑦ Don't forget to do sth 不要忘记去做某事 |
【1-1】（2011*宿迁中考）—Bob, it’s getting cold outside. ______ take a jacket
—All right, Mum.
A. Why do you B. Why not C. Why did you D. Why don’t
【1-2】（2011*乐山）Shall we have a picnic at the weekend? (改为同义句)
________ ________ having a picnic at the weekend?
【1-3】Let’s go swimming next week, ______ ______? (完成反意疑问句)
【1-4】You’d better ______(keep) quiet in the reading room.
七年级（上）units7 – 12
重点单词
1. help v. 帮助；援助
【用法总结】
（1） 帮助某人做某事
（2） help sb. with sth.
（3） help with sth. 帮助做某事
（4） help sb. out 帮助某人解决难题
（5） help oneself to sth. 随便吃/喝……
（6） can’t help doing sth. 忍不住做某事
（7） with the help of … = with one’s help
（8） ask sb. for help 向某人寻求帮助
（9） Can I help you ? 服务常用语，意为“您需要买什么/点什么菜……?”同义句：What can I do for you ?
【拓展】
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help 的形容词是helpful, 常用短语: be helpful to sb. 对某人有帮助。 如：You have been very helpful to us.你帮了我们很多忙。 |
【1-1】 We can’t help ______ (laugh) at the joke? laughing
【1-2】 Lin Fei often helps her parents ______ (do) housework at home.
【1-3】（2011*深圳） It's nice you me with my maths.
A. for,to help B. for,helping Cof,to help D.of, helping
【1-4】（2011*菏泽） —Why didn’t you go to play football with us yesterday afternoon?
—I _____my mother with the housework then.
A. helped B. was helping C. had helped . have been helping
2. join v. 参加；加入
【辨析】join / take part in / attend
(1) join: 加入党派、团体、组织、俱乐部等；与一段时间连用时用be in/be a member of ; join sb. 与某人一起；join in (doing) sth. 参加活动； (2) take part in : 参加活动并在其中起作用； (3) attend : 出席（会议），到场；只强调人到场，不强调其作用。
It’s three years since Li Ming joined the Party.
= Li Ming has been in the Party for three years.
李明入党已经三年了。
【2-1】 Jim _______(参加)the school dancing club last year.
【2-2】 The radio says that 10 great scientists will _______the conference and Dr. Green will give a speech on economy.
A. join B. take part in C. attend D. join in
【2-3】(2011*陕西)Anyone who sings well can_______the activity in our school.
A. take part in B. take off C. take out D. take care of
3. tell v. 告诉；讲述
【辨析】speak /say / tell / talk
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动词 |
常见用法总结 |
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speak |
(1)vi.强调说话的能力，例：The baby can't speak.（2）vt.后面加语言，例：speak English |
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say |
一般作及物动词用，着重说话的内容，它的宾语可以是名词，代词或宾语从句。 |
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tell |
常作及物动词，意为“讲述，告诉，动词常跟双宾语。 tell sb sth＝tell sth to sb告诉某人某事。 |
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talk |
一般为不及物动词，强调两个人之间的谈话 talk with sb\talk to sb. |
【3-1】 ---Who is talking _______ your father in the room?
--- My uncle.
A. with B.at C. about D. in
【3-2】 (2011*内江中考) Teachers often tell us in the river after school.
A. don’t swim B. not swim C. not to swim
【3-3】My sister is learning English over the radio. Now he can_____ a little English.
A. say B. speak C.talk D.tell
【3-4】They’re about the football match now.
A.talking B. telling C.speaking D.saying
【3-5】（2011*德阳中考） The final exam is coming. Our teachers tell us _____ time. a
A. not to waste B. not waste C. don’t waste
4. or conj. 或者
【辨析】 and / but / or
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and |
(用于肯定/ 疑问句中) 表并列，意为“和，而且” |
I like A and B. Do you like A and B? |
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but |
表转折，意为“但是” |
I like A, but I don’t like B. |
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or |
① 表选择，意为“或者”； ② 否定句中表并列，意为“和” ③ or 可表示假设，意为“否则”，可与if...not 句式互换。 |
Do you like A or B? I don’t like A or B. |
【4-1】 （2011*济宁）Stand over there, ______ you will get a better view of the whole city.
A. or B. and C. but D. though
【4-2】Study hard, _______ you will fall behind.
A. and B.or C. but
【4-3】He has a lot of money, _______ he isn’t happy.
A. and B. but C. so D. or
【4-4】用and / but / or 填空。
① Fish is healthy food ______ candy isn’t healthy food.
② He is from China______ he is Chinese.
③ Is he a doctor ______ a teacher?
重点短语
a little 少许；少量
【辨析】a little/ a few / little / few
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肯定意义 |
否定意义 |
后接名词 |
|
a little |
little |
+不可数名词 |
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a few |
few |
+可数名词复数 |
【温馨提示】（1）a few=several 几个；若干
(2) a little =a bit = kind of 有点，用于形容词/副词前
(3) a little 可以表示动作的程度 “一点”
I can play chess a little. 我对象棋略懂一二。
(4) little 可以表示感情色彩较浓的“小”。 a little boy 一个小男孩
【1-1】I don’t understand the story though there are_______new words in it.
A. few B little C. a few D. a little
【1-2】Don’t you think it’s a little cold today?
A. a bit of B. kinds of C. a bit
【1-3】They found little bread on the table, _______ _______ ?
【1-4】---Can you speak French?
--- Yes, but just _______.
A few B.little C. a few D. a little
【1-5】（2011*深圳）—I have money with me. Would you mind lending me some?
—Of course not
A. a few B. a little C. few D. little
重点句型
1. How much is / are …? ……多少钱？
How much are these pants? 这些裤子多少钱？
【拓展】
|
对价格的提问常用以下句型： ① How much is/are……? ② How much do/does sth. cost? ③ What’s the price of……? |
【辨析】how much/how many
(1) how much 还可用来提问不可数名词的量。 (2) how many 提问数量“多少”，后跟可数名词复数
【1-1】--- _______meat do we need for the dinner?
---Half a kilo is enough.
A. How long B How far C. How many D. How much
【1-2】How many _______ are there in the picture?
A. tea B.guitar C.clothes
【1-3】(2011*丽水) — are the apples?
— Four yuan a kilo.
A.How many B.How much C.How heavy D. How expensive
2. What……! 多么……！
感叹句式：
|
引导词 |
结构 |
|
what |
What+a/an+adj.+单数可数名词+主语+谓语！ |
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What+ adj.+不可数名词/复数名词+主语+谓语！ | |
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how |
How+adj./adv. +主语+谓语！ |
【2-1】)13. （2011*德阳中考）-- _____ nice day it is today! Let’s go out to play, shall we?
-- That’s a good idea.
A. How a B. What a C. How
【2-2】(2011*浙江衢州)— ________ the little girl looks!
— That’s true. She can’t find her Teddy Bear.
A. How sad B. What sad C. What sadly D. How sadly
【2-3】(2010江苏省宿迁) _______ great man Huang Furong is! He lost his life while saving the students in the Yushu earthquake.
A. How B. How a C. What D. What a
【2-4】(2010上海)_______exciting sport it is to climb the mountains!