2012年中考英语第一轮总复习
精讲精练（含答案）
八年级（上）Units1 – 3
重点单词
1. hardly adv. 几乎不；几乎没有
【辨析】hard /hardly
|
hard |
① 作形容词时，意思是“困难的=difficult(反义词easy)”“坚硬的(反义词soft)” 常见句型：It’s hard for sb. to do sth. ② 作副词时，意为“努力地、猛烈地、艰苦地”，用来修饰动词，作状语。 如：The boy studies very hard. |
|
hardly |
为频度副词，意为“几乎不”，相当于almost not, 本身含有否定的意思。句子中有 hardly 时,其反意疑问句的疑问部分应该用肯定形式. |
【1-1】He can hardly understand it , _______?
A. can he B. can’t he C. does he D. doesn’t he
【1-2】— Can you catch what the teacher said in the English class?
— Sorry, I can ____ understand it.
A. hardly B. almost C. nearly D. never
【1-1】 The problem is too difficult!
A. hard B.easy C. hardly D. easily
【1-4】It is ________ so we will ________.
A. a hard work; work hard B.work hard, hard work
C. hard work; work hard D. work hard; work hard
2.try v. 设法，努力，n. 尝试，努力
【用法总结】
⑴ try to do sth. 努力做某事
⑵ try doing sth. 尝试做某事
⑶ try one’s best to do sth. 尽某人的最大努力去做某事
= do one’s best to do sth.
⑷ try on 试穿
⑸ have a try 试一试
【2-1】 --I try ______ the rule but I always forget.
--Why don’t you try ________ it down?
A. to remember; writing B. remember; to write
C. remembering; written D.to remember; write
【2-2】He tried his best________(be) a good father.
【2-3】Animals are our friends. We must try ________(save) the endangered animals.
【2-4】【2011?南宁】 This coat looks nice. Can I
A, try on it B. try it on
C. to try on it D. to try it on
2. keep v. 保持；使保持某种状态
【用法总结】
|
⑴ keep + adj. 意为“保持某种状态” ⑵ keep + sb./sth. +adj. 意为“让某人（物）保持某种状态” ⑶ keep (on) doing sth. 意为“不断做某事” ⑷ keep sb./sth. doing sth. 意为“让某人/某物不断做某事” ⑸ keep sb./sth. from doing sth. 意为“阻止、防止……做某事”，相当于stop/prevent sb. /sth. (from) doing sth. ⑹ keep 可替代borrow ，表示延续意义的“借”，可与一段时间连用 |
【2-1】（2011*铜仁）— How long can I ________ the book?
—For two weeks.
A. keep B. borrow C. lend D. buy
【2-2】We must do everything we can _________ waste water from running into rivers.
A. keep B. kept C. to keep D. keeping
【2-3】Tom! Don’t talk loudly. You should keep ______ in public.
A. quiet B. friendly C. confident D. relaxed
【2-4】（2011*乐山） They kept on talking until the teacher came in. (改为同义句)
They didn’t ________ ________ until the teacher came in.
重点短语
how often 多久一次
【辨析】常见的与how连用的短语
|
短语 |
含义 |
提问内容 |
|
how often |
多久一次 |
频率（sometimes; once a week） |
|
how long |
① 多长 ② 多久 |
①物体长度（20 metres long ） ② 时间段(since 1990; for 2 weeks) |
|
how soon |
多久之后 |
In+时间段（in 5 days） |
|
how far |
多远 |
距离（10 minutes’walk） |
|
how many |
多少 |
可数名词的量（how many books） |
|
how much |
多少 |
①不可数名词的量（how much water） ②物品价格 |
【1-1】(2011*浙江温州) -_______ do you go to the English club?
—Once a week.
A. How old B. How often C. How much D. How many
【1-2】（2011*宿迁中考） —______ is it from your home to the school?
—About ten minutes’ walk.
A. How far B. How long C. How often D. How soon
【1-3】 –_______will the new school be finished?
–In two years.
A. How long B. How far C. How often D. How soon
【1-4】. ----____ have you stayed in
--- For about two weeks.
A. How soon B. How often C. How long D. How far
重点句型
What’s the matter? (你)怎么了？
what’s the matter?是What’s the matter with ...?的省略。该句常用来询问某人患了何种疾病或遇到了何种麻烦，以表达关切之意。
|
【拓展】表达这一意义的其他常用口语表达还有（以you为例）： ⑴ What’s wrong with you? ⑵ What’s the trouble with you? ⑶ What’s your trouble? ⑷ What’s up? |
【1-1】What’s wrong with you?(同义句改写)
_______ _______ _______ with you?
【1-2】Li Min had a bad cold yesterday.(对划线部分提问)
What ________ ________ ________ with Li Min yesterday?
【1-3】---What’s ________ with you?
---He has a headache.
A. the wrong B. the matter C.troubld D.happened
八年级（上）Units4 – 6
重点单词
1.must
【辨析】must / have to
|
异同点 |
must |
have to |
|
同 |
都可理解为“必须”，后接动词原形。 | |
|
异 |
⑴表示有责任或义务“必须”做某事。 ⑵一般疑问句将must提至主语前，否定回答应用needn’t或don’t/doesn’t have to。 ⑶mustn’t 表示“禁止；不可以”。 ⑷must表肯定推测“一定是”，表否定推测用“can’t”，表示“不可能” |
⑴表示受客观条件限制而“不得不”做某事。 ⑵否定或疑问借助于助动词do/does/did。 ⑶have to有人称、时态与数的变化（has to /had to） ⑷not have to =needn’t |
【1-1】 Danny has to read the book for his blind grandfather.(一般疑问句)
_______ Danny_______to read the book for his blind grandfather?
【1-2】（2011*武汉）- Look, Sue is over there.
- That ____ be her. She i
A. mustn’t B. can’t C. needn’t D. won’t
【1-3】29. (2011*浙江衢州)Drunk driving is against the law now. It ______ be forbidden.
A. may B. must C. can D. might
【1-4】38. (2011*内江中考)—Must I be home before eight o’clock, Mum?
— No, you . But you have to come back before ten o’clock.
A. needn’t B. can’t C. mustn’t
【1-5】24. （2011*乐山）It rained heavily, so we _______ stay at home watching TV or surfing the Internet all day.
A. could B. had to C. must
2.take v. 花费
【用法总结】
|
⑴ 花费（时间）（可与spend替换） 其固定句型是It takes (took/will take)sb. sometime +to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间” It took him 2 hours to do his homework yesterday. = He spent 2 hours doing his homework yesterday. ⑵乘坐 take +the bus/train/plane+to sp.=go to+sp.+by bus/train/plane 如：I take a bus to school.=I go to school by bus. 我乘公交车去上学。 ⑶拿走，带走（对应bring拿来） Mary took the book to school but didn’t bring it back. 玛丽把书带去了学校，却没有拿回来。 ⑷take sb. to sp. 表示“送（带领）某人去某地” ⑸吃，服（药）The doctor told me to take the medicine twice a day. 医生让我每天服药两次。 |
【2-1】 ---How do you go to ________ work?
--I usually take _________ bus.
A．the, a B．/, a C. a, a D．the，／
【2-2】42. （2011*深圳） I'm afraid it'll you much time to work out the problem.
A. spend B. use C. need D. take
【2-3】医生让我每天服药两次。
The doctor told me to the medicine ______ ______.
【2-4】--Do you usually go to work early every day?
--Yes, the bus usually ______ me to work.
A. takes B. fetches C. catches D.gets
重点短语
1. a small number of
+ 可数名词复数
A large number of =many 大量的，许多
【辨析】a number of / the number of
|
⑴a number of =many，后接可数名词复数，主语是名词，句中谓语动词用复数形式。 ⑵the number of... ……的数量，后接可数名词复数，主语是the number，谓语动词用单数形式。 |
【1-1】 (2011*达州)—How many teachers are there in your school?
— them over two hundred.
A. woman; The number of; is B. women; The number of; is
C. woman; A number of; is D. women; A number of; are
【1-2】–What ________ the number of the students in your school?
–About two thousand. A number of them_________ from
A. is; are B. is; is C. are; is D. are; are
【1-3】—A number of students ________ in the dining hall.
—Let me count. The number of the students ________ about 400.
A. are; is B. is; are C. are; are
2.too much
【辨析】too much /much too /too many
|
too much |
①用作形容词短语，修饰不可数名词，意为“太多”， ②用作副词短语，修饰动词。意为“太多”。 |
|
much too |
意为“太……”，后跟形容词、副词的原级。 |
|
too many |
意为“太多”，后跟可数名词的复数。 |
【1-1】用too much, much too, too many 填空。
① She has got __________ work to do.
② That’s __________ far.
③ There are __________people there.
【1-2】(2011*黄冈)--Whose T-shirt is this?
--It_________be John’s. It’s ________small for him.
A.can’t ; much too B. can’t ; too much
C. mustn’t; much too D. mustn’t ; too much
重点句型
---How do you get to school? 你怎样去上学？
--- By bus. 乘公交车。
|
【用法总结】 ① how 用来询问交通方式 ② how 用来询问身体状况。 如：How are you feeling now?你现在感觉怎样？ |
句中提问交通方式，答语常用以下几种：
|
⑴take a/the +交通工具 ⑵in/on a /the +交通工具 ⑶by+交通工具 ⑷walk/ride/drive/fly to+地点名词 |
【1-1】---How do you go to ________ work?
--I usually take _________ bus.
A．the, a B．/, a C. a, a D．the，／
八年级（上）Units7 – 9
重点单词
1. beat v. 打败；胜过
【辨析】beat / win
|
beat |
后接的宾语多少某运动员或球队。其过去式为beat，过去分词为beaten，现在分词为beating。 |
|
win |
意为“赢，获胜”，作及物动词，win通常接game,war, match, prize 之类的名词作宾语，不可以接表示人的名词作宾语。其过去式、过去分词相同(won), 现在分词为winning |
【1-1】Take it easy, we are sure to_______them.
A. win B. beat C. lose D. lose to
【1-2】--Can you guess who will _______ the game?
A. hit B. beat C. win D. watch
【1-3】He always _______me in tennis.
A.wins B.beats C. loses D.hits
2. alive adj. 活着的；在世的
【辨析】alive/ living/live/lively
|
alive |
在句中作表语和定语，alive作定语要置于所修饰的名词之后。 |
|
living |
作形容词，意为“活的”，即可作表语，也可直接置于名词前作定语，可兼指“人”和“物”；还可用作名词，意为“生计，生活” |
|
live |
读作/laiv/时，为形容词，意为“活着的”，可用作定语，放在表示物得名词前，一般不指人；live读作/liv/时，为动词，意为“生活；生存”。 |
|
lively |
意为“活泼的，活跃的，充满生气的”，可用作定语或表语，即可指人，也可指物。 |
【1-1】 Jin Yong is one of the greatest and oldest_______writer. He is still_______.
A. living; alive B. living; living C. alive;living D.alive;alive
【1-2】Trees are the biggest and oldest things on Earth.
A． alive B． live C． lively D． living
【1-3】He is said to be the best-known musician ____.
A. alive B. living
C. live D. lively
重点短语
At the end of 在……末/底
【辨析】at the end of/ by the end of / in the end
|
⑴at the end of在……末/底, 即可接时间，也可接地点名词；反义短语 at the beginning of 在……初/起点 ⑵by the end of 到……末/底，常用于将来时或过去完成时。 ⑶in the end=at last=finally 最后，常用于一般过去时。 |
【1-1】 You’ll find the hospital_______the street.
A. in the end B. at the end C. finally D. at the end of
【1-2】He worked hard, and _______he succeeded.
A.by the end B. in the end C. at the end D. on the end
【1-3】At last the children came to a beautiful place with green grass.
A. By the end B.Then C. At the same time D. In the end
重点句型
too...to do sth. ……太……而不能做某事
【辨析】too...to do sth.与too...to...
|
⑴too...to do sth.是否定结构，表示“太……以致不能……”，也可使用too...for sb. to do sth. (sb.是逻辑主语) It’s too hard for them to work it out.要解决这个问题对他们而言太难了。 ⑵too...to...结构可与so...that(not)...句式或not...enough to...结构互换。注意词的位置及词义变化。 车太贵，他买不起。 The car is too expensive for him to afford. The car is so expensive that he can’t afford it. The car is not cheap enough for him to afford. |
【1-1】 He is too weak to carry the chair.(改为同义句)
He’s_______ _______ _______ he can’t carry the chair.
He _______ _______ _______ to carry the chair.
【1-2】 He is too poor to afford the house. (改为同义句)
He _______ _______ _______ _______afford the house.
八年级（上）Units10– 12
重点单词
1. borrow v. 借
【辨析】borrow/ lend/ keep
|
borrow |
表示“借进”，即说话人向别人借东西供自己用，常用于borrow sth. from sb. or somewhere结构中，是终止性动词，不能与延续性时间状语连用。 |
|
lend |
表示“借出”，即说话人把自己的东西借给别人用，常用于 lend sth. to sb. 或lend sb. sth.结构中，也是终止性动词。 |
|
keep |
本意为“保存、保留”，引伸为“借用”，用于表示借用的时间长度，是延续性动词，可以和表示时间段的时间状语及how long等连用。 |
【温馨提示】
|
return sth. to sb./give sth. back to sb.意为“还给某人某物” |
【1-1】(2011*眉山中考) ------How much money did she you yesterday?
------$500. I told him I would return it to her in three weeks.
A give B borrow C lend D make
【1-2】I can ___ you my dictionary, but you can ____ it for only a week.
A. borrow; borrow B.' lend; borrow C. borrow; keep D. lend; keep
【1-3】-May I____ your bike?
-Certainly, but you mustn't____ it to others.
A. lend; lend B. borrow; lend C. borrow; borrow D. lend; borrow
【1-4】 (2011*浙江衢州)—May I borrow these two books, please?
—Yes, you can ______ them for two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. buy D. keep
2. enough adj.充足的；足够的
【用法总结】
⑴enough作副词，可用于修饰形容词、副词等，通常置于被修饰词之后。
⑵enough作形容词，用于修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词，置于名词前或后均可。
如: I think his picture is beautiful enough, but he said he didn’t draw it carefully enough. 我觉得他的话够美的了，但他说他画得还不够细致。
We have enough money to buy the house.
我们有足够的钱买这所房子。
【2-1】 Do you think we have_______ _______(足够的时间) for the work?
【2-2】It’ s _______ to work out this problem. You needn’t go to the teacher.
A. enough easy B.easily enough C. easy enough D.very easily
【2-3】Don’t worry. He is _______ to look after little Betty.
A. carefully enough B.enough careful
C.careful enough D.enough carefully
【2-4】这孩子大了，能上学了。
The boy is _______ _______ to go to school.
3. invite v. 邀请
【用法总结】
⑴ invite sb. to sp. 邀请某人到某地或参加某项活动
⑵ invite sb. to do sth. 邀请某人做某事
⑶ be invited to do sth. 被邀请做某事
【3-1】 I won’t go to her party unless my best friend Jack_______.
A. will invite B. will be invited C.is invited D.invites
【3-2】My friend invited me _______(have) dinner.
【3-3】Would you like to invite him_______ your party.
A. on B. at C. of D. to
重点短语
(not) at all 丝毫（也不）；一点（也不）；根本（不）
【辨析】not...at all /not at all/in all
|
not...at all |
“根本不，一点也不”，表示完全否定，at all 一般用于句末。 |
|
not at all |
not at all=That’s all right=It doesn’t matter=never mind “没关系，不要紧”。常用于回答道歉或Would you mind doing sth.句式。 |
|
in all |
意为“一共，总计” |
---Would you mind moving a little to let me go?
---No, not at all. 没问题（一点也不介意）
【1-1】 我一点也不想打扰你；而只是想让你了解事情的真相。
I don’t want to bother you __________ __________ __________; I just want you to know the truth__________.
【1-2】--Would you mind putting out your cigarette?
---__________. I forgot it’s No-smoking Day.
A.Not at all. B.It doesn’t matter C.Yes,please D.Just a little
【1-3】--I’m sorry to keep you waiting.
--__________.
A.Yes, I’m very worried. B. Not at all.
C.You’re welcome. D.All right.
重点句型
It +be +形容词+to do sth. 做某事怎么样
【辨析】It’s +adj.+for sb.to do sth.和It’s +adj.+of sb.to do sth.
⑴如果形容词是表示事物的特征特点如easy, hard, difficult, interesting, impossible 等，只能用It’s +adj.+for sb.to do sth.句型。
如：It’s very hard for him to study two languages.
对他来说学两门外语是很难的。
⑵如果形容词是表示人物得性格、品德、主观感情、态度 如good, kind ,nice, clever, foolish, right等，则用It’s +adj.+of sb.to do sth.句型。
如：It’s very nice of you to help me.
你来帮助我，你真是太好了。
【1-1】(2011*苏州中考)－The said sorry to me, but I wouldn’t listen.
－It is foolish of you _______ others for the mistakes. D
A. forgive B. not forgive C. to forgive D. not to forgive
【1-2】【2011?无锡】It’s very nice __________ you __________ my parents your best wishes.
A. of; sending B. of; to send C. for; to send D. for; sending
【1-3】(1).It’s not easy (learn) a foreign language well.
(2).It’s very kind (of/for) you to say so.
【1-4】.---It’s very important us to make a plan before a new term.
---Yes. You must try to make it carefully.
A. of B. for C. to
八年级（上）Units1 – 3
1.A 2.A 3.A 4.C 5.A 6. to be 7. to save 8.B 9.A 10. A 11.A 12. stop talking 13.B 14.A 15.D 16.C 17. What’s the trouble 18. was the matter/trouble 19.B
八年级（上）Units4 – 6
1. Does have 2.B 3.B 4.A 5.B 6.B 7.D 8. take; twice a day 9.A 10.B 11.A 12.A 13. ①too much ② much too ③ too many 14. A 15.B
八年级（上）Units7 – 9
1.B 2.C 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.A 7.D 8.B 9.D 10. so weak that; isn’t strong enough 11. isn’t rich enough to
八年级（上）Units10– 12
1.C 2.D 3.B 4.D 5. enough time 6.C 7.C 8. old enough 9.C 10 to have 11.D 12. in the slightest; instead 13.A 14. B 15.D 16.B 17. (1) to learn (2) of18.B