高中英语必修三|Unit 4 Astronomy:the science of the stars Listening and discussing

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Listening
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2.Listen to Part 1 and Part 2 of the tape and choose the best summary of the listening text. Explain what is wrong with the others.

A. The text is about how three scientists wanted to find out about the beginning of the universe.

B. The text is about how the idea of gravity has developed over a long period of time.

C. The text is about the importance of three scientists and their work.

3.Listen to Part 1 again and fill in the first column of the chart. Then listen to Part 2 again and fill the rest.

	Isaac Newton	Albert Einstein	Stephen Hawking
Idea
Development

2.Listen to Part 1 and Part 2 of the tape and choose the best summary of the listening text. Explain what is wrong with the others.

B is correct because it gives a clear idea of what the listening passage is about.

A is not true. The three scientists wanted to explain how the universe worked and not how it began.

C is too general and does not give enough detail about what the listening passage is about.

3.Listen to Part 1 again and fill in the first column of the chart. Then listen to Part 2 again and fill the rest.

	Isaac Newton	Albert Einstein	Stephen Hawking
Idea	Large bodies have a force which pulls things towards them	In space large objects make space and time bend; the larger the object, the further space and time bends	Black holes have a very large mass and pull things towards them
Development	The bigger the object the stronger the gravity.	Time goes slower in very strong gravity.	If you go over the edge, you cannot get out; but if you do not, you may be able to escape.

THEORIES OF GRAVITY

Michael Jones of the New Space Magazine is talking with space traveller Li Yanping about changes in the theory of gravity.

LY = Dr Li Yanping

MJ = Dr Michael Jones

Part 1

MJ: Hello, Dr Li Yanping. It’s so good of you to talk to me. Some students ask us why things always fall back to earth if you throw them up in the air. Could you explain it?

LY: Well, at first people thought it was because the earth was the centre of the universe. Of course that was wrong. One day Isaac Newton watched an apple fall to the ground. He said that something else must be pulling the apple back to earth. He called it “gravity”.

MJ: I see. Did people accept his idea?

LY: They did. Later they worked out that bigger objects (like the sun ) have stronger gravity than smaller objects (like our planets). If you are travelling in deep space, you couldn’t fall back to the earth. You’re just too far away.

Part 2

MJ: Does it mean there’s no gravity in space?

LY: No. In a spaceship you would feel the pull as it got closer to such an object. You would travel faster and faster towards it.

MJ: Until you hit it?

LY: Not exactly. You may pass it very fast and then it would throw you out into space again. After that you would slow down to the usual speed.

MJ: How do you know this?

LY: In 1905 Einstein said that in space large objects make space-time bend; the larger the object, the further space-time bends. So time goes slower in very strong gravity.

MJ: What about black holes?

LY: That’s a place in space which has such a strong mass that nothing can escape from its gravity. There is a kind of edge around this mass.

If you cross over this edge around this mass, it’s impossible for you to get back. However, if you don’t cross this edge, you can still escape. Stephen Hawking has done a lot of research into black holes. He has shown that they “spit ” things out as well as “eat” them.