从前面的讨论中我们可以清楚地看出，关系词在定语从句的构成里是至关重要的。我们甚至可以说，掌握不好关系词就无法做成定语从句，也无法理解文中带有定语从句部分的意思。因此，我们首先讨论一下关系词的有关问题。

定语从句中的关系词只有两类：关系代词和关系副词；没有连词。也就是说，定语从句中的所有关系词不但都有具体的意义而且都在从句中担任一定的成分。

1）关系代词：who , whom , whose , which , that 等。

who用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作主语；在现代英语里，也可取代whom在从句中作动词的宾语。例如：

I have no idea about the man who wrote the article .

我不认识写这篇文章的那个人。

The little boy who is singing there can recite quiet a number of Chinese poems .

whom 用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，并且在从句中作动词或介词的宾语。在现代英语里，如果whom在从句中作动词的宾语，它与who可以通用；但是如果whom在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用whom而不能与who通用了。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：

Who is the girl whom ( who ) you talked to just now ?

刚才和你说话的那个女孩子是谁？

Yesterday, I happened to meet , in the shopping center , the professor who ( whom ) I got to know at a party .

昨天在购物中心，我碰巧遇见了那位我在一次聚会上认识的教授。

They are looking for the patient on whom doctors just performed an operation . 他们正在寻找那位医生刚刚给他做过手术的病人。

(句中的关系代词whom代替the patient ，在从句中作介词on的宾语，而且介词on提到关系代词的前面，所以who 和whom就绝不可以通用了，此处只能用whom 。)

Who is the girl to who (whom) you talked just now ? （错误）

(句中的关系代词whom(who)代替the girl ，在从句中作介词to的宾语，但是由于介词to已提到了关系代词的前面,who 和whom就绝不可以通用了,所以如果还继续使用who句子就错了。此处只能用whom 。)

whose 用于代替"表示人或物意义"的先行词，在从句中作定语，往往与它所修饰的名词一起构成一个名词短语在从句中担当成分。Whose常表达"某人的、某物的"之意。例如：

Do you know the name of that girl whose brother is your roommate ?

你知道她的哥哥与你同寝室的那位女孩的名字吗？

Water whose boiling point is at 100 degree Centigrade has no color, no flavor.

沸点在摄氏100度的水无色、无味。

which 用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。例如：

Views which are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .

那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

I've got a novel which you may like to read .

我弄到一本你或许想看的小说。

That was a fault which could not be forgiven . 那是不能饶恕的错误。

that 既用于代替"表示人的意义"的先行词，也用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词；在从句中既可以作主语，也可以作谓语动词的宾语，但是不能作介词的宾语。在一定范围内，that = who / whom / which 。例如：

Views that (which ) are entirely new or foreign may also be hard to accept .

那些全新的或是来自国外的观点或许也很难被接受。

Salaried people that ( who) earn more than a few thousand dollars must pay a certain percentage of their salaries to the federal government .工薪在几千美元以上的人必须将工资中的一定百分比交付给联邦政府。

Who is the girl to that you talked just now ? （错误）

要点提示：

定语从句中作宾语的关系代词可以省略;如果关系代词在定语从句中作宾语可以省略。例如：

This is the book ( which ) you were looking for yesterday .

这就是你昨天找的那本书。

I don't like the novel ( that ) you are reading .

我不喜欢你看的这本小说。

Who is the man ( whom ) you're talking about ?

你们谈论的那个人是谁？

定语从句中，关系代词的单复数取决于先行词的单复数。例如：

Those who are in their forties are required to have a physical examination this afternoon .

（先行词Those是复数，关系代词who也就看作是复数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了复数形式are了。）请那些年龄在四十几岁的人于今天下午去进行体检。

This is the magazine which was sent to me by post .

（先行词the magazine是单数，关系代词which也就看作是单数，所以从句的谓语动词就用了单数形式was sent） 这是通过邮局寄给我的杂志。

关系代词that 和which的区别

that 和which在一般情况都可以用于代替"表示事物意义"的先行词，在从句中作主语、宾语。但在下列情况下一般只用that而不用which ：

-- 先行词本身是all , everything , something , nothing , anything等不定代词时，例如：

Anything that can burn is a source of heat energy .

任何能够燃烧的东西都是热能源。

There must be something that happened to you .你一定出了什么事。

They had nothing that could cure of his disease .他们没有一点能治愈他疾病的东西了。

-- 先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the only等作定语时，例如：

This is the most impressive TV theater that has never been put on show before . 这是以前从未上演过的最有感染力的电视剧。

That is the only way that leads to your success .那是通向你成功的唯一之路。

We have to consider the first thing that starts our work .

我们必须要考虑启动我们工作的第一件事。

然而，在下列情况下却只用which而不用that：

-- 当先行词表示事物意义，并且在从句中作介词的宾语，那么就只能用which 。当然，如果在口语或非正式文体中，介词没有提前，也就没有这点要求了。例如：

The world in which we live is made of matter .

我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow .

洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

The world that we live in is made of matter.

（正确。因为关系代词虽然在从句中作介词的宾语，但是介词没有提前，所以没有这点要求。）

我们生活于其中的世界是由物质组成的。

The world in that we live is made of matter.

（错误。因为关系代词在从句中作介词的宾语，而且介词已经提前，所以必须遵从这点要求。）

-- 在非限定性定语从句（关于这一点随后就要讲解）中，当关系词表示事物意义时, 只能用which 。这是语法所规定的，没有任何解释。例如：

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .

太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The most important form of energy is electrical energy , which is widely used in our daily life .最重要的能源形式是电能，它广泛地运用于我们的日常生活之中。

-- as可以作为关系代词引导限定性定语从句、非限定性定语从句。例如：限定性定语从句 （常用于such … as和the same … as 等句式中）

Such points as you've mentioned are really important in solving the problem .

你提到的这些方面在解决这个问题上的确很重要。

People such as you describe are rarely seen nowadays .

你描述的这种人现在很少见了。

This computer has the same functions as that one has .

这台计算机有着和那台计算机一样的功能。

非限定性定语从句 （as可以作为关系代词引导非限定性定语从句时，as是指全句：也就是说，将整个主句看成一件事或是一个事实；并对其进行补充、说明。这种非限定性定语从句既可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。）

As I know , she hasn't got married . 如我所知，她还未结婚。

They won the first place in the game, as could be expected.

可以预料，他们在比赛中得了第一。

Professor Li is extremely popular among students , as is known to all of us . 如我们大家所知，李教授极受学生们的欢迎。

2)关系副词：when , where , why 等。在定语从句，关系副词 = 介词 + which 。也就是说，每个关系副词里本身就已经含有了一个介词：when = 在什么时候，where = 在什么地方，why = 为什么原因，等。至于在英文中用哪个具体的介词，就得依具体情况而定了。

when 代替表示时间的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语,例如：

People will always remember the time when Hong Kong and Macao returned to our motherland .

人们会永远记住香港和澳门回归祖国的那一时刻。

He came at a time when we needed help . 他在我们需要人帮忙的时候来了。

We don't know the exact time when the English Evening will be held . 我们不知道英语晚会举行的确切时间。

where 代替表示地点的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：

The place where we're to have the Speech Contest has not been decided yet.我们举行演讲比赛的地点还未定下来。

He is living in a newly-built house where there used to be a pond . 他现在居住的新房是原先一个池塘的旧址。

That is a beautiful campus where I made a lot dreams .

那是一座我曾经在那儿有过许多梦想的美丽的校园。

why 代替表示原因的名词，而这个名词在从句中又与介词构成了短语，在从句中充当状语。例如：

He didn't tell her the reason why he was so happy .

他没有告诉她为什么他那么高兴的原因。

The reason why she was late is not so acceptable .

她迟到的原因不那么令人接受。

They explained the reason to us why they had misunderstood us before .

他们向我们解释为什么他们以前误解了我们的原因。

介词+关系代词

在这种结构中，关系代词若是表示人的意义，就只能用whom ；关系代词若是表示事物的意义，就只能用which 。而这种结构中较难解决的问题是介词的选择问题，因为这个问题的解决取决于多种因素：

A）动词与介词的搭配B）名词与介词的搭配C）形容词与介词的搭配，等等。总之，要依从句的具体需要而定。例如：

A）动词与介词的搭配

He has found a good job for which he is qualified .（ qualify + 名词+ for "使…具有…资格" ）他找到了一份他能胜任的工作。

The man to whom you talked just now will chair the meeting tomorrow . （ talk to + 名词 "与某人谈话" ） 你刚才与他谈话的那个人明天主持那个会议。

He is bargaining with the landlord over the monthly price at which the apartment rents .名词+ rent at + 表示价格的词 "某物以某价格出租" ）

他在与房东就那套公寓出租的月租金进行磋商。

B）名词与介词的搭配

They are still living in the little house in which they've been lived for 15 years . （ in the house "在屋子里" ）

他们现在还住在他们已住了15年的那个小房子里。

We've worked out a method by which our production can be raised on a large scale.( by a method通过某种方法) 我们已研制出了一个能大规模提高生产的方法。

She didn't realize the extent to which she had been distracted .（ to extend "到某种程度" ） 她没有意识到她心烦意乱的程度。

C）形容词与介词的搭配

The secretary with whom the boss is not happy will be fired for her inefficiency . (happy with "对…表示满意")

老板对其不满意的那个秘书将由于她没有工作效率而被解雇。

I've found the job for which I've been eager for a long time.（ eager for "渴望得到…" ） 我已找到了我渴望已久的那份工作。

He is a learned man with whom we are familiar .

(familiar with 熟悉…)他是一位我们熟悉的有学识的人。

在英文中，有两种定语从句：限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句。这两种定语从句在其功能和形式方面都有明显的区别：

限定性定语从句

限定性定语从句与主句的关系很紧奏，对其先行词起限定、修饰的作用。如果将其去掉，会影响句子意思的完整性；有时甚至于引起费解、误解。例如：

Rainforests are being cleared for valuable timber and other resources to speed up the economic growth of the nationsin which they are located .

为了加速他们各自所在国家的经济发展，热带雨林作为有价值的原木和其他资源正为人们所砍伐。

Ocean currents affect the climates of the lands near which they flow.

洋流影响其流经的附近地区的气候。

They explained the reason to us why they had hated us before.

他们向我们解释为什么他们不喜欢我们的原因。

非限定性定语从句

非限定性定语从句在形式上就与主句很松散，它与主句之间有一个逗点"，"隔开；它对其先行词没有限定、修饰的作用，只起补充、说明的作用。有时也用它来对全句进行补充、说明。即使将其去掉，也不会影响句子意思。由于上述原因，非限定性定语从句在表达意思方面也有别于限定性定语从句。另外，非限定性定语从句在中文译文里，我们往往将其作为一个分句处理，而不把它作定语翻译。

例如：Earlier , the Babylonians had attempted to map the world , but they presented it in the form of a flattened disc rather than a sphere , which was the form adopted by Ptolemy .

（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词a sphere进行补充、说明。）

更早之前，巴比伦人曾试图绘制世界地图，但是他们把它绘制成平盘状而不是托勒密所采用的球体状。

The combination of satellites, which transmit information , computers , which store information , and television , which displays information , will change every home into an education and entertainment center .

（此句中，三个非限定性定语从句分别对三个先行词：satellites ，computers和television进行补充、说明。如果去掉这三个非限定性定语从句，那么句子可简化为：

The combination of satellites , computers and television will change every home into an education and entertainment center .）卫星能传输信息，计算机能储存信息，电视能显示信息，把这些手段结合起来可以使每个家庭都成为教育娱乐的中心。

The sun heats the earth , which makes it possible for plants to grow .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对全句进行补充、说明,将全句表达的意思看成"一件事情）。太阳给予大地热，这就使植物的生长成为可能。

The old man has a son , who is in the army .（此句中，非限定性定语从句是对先行词son进行补充、说明。但本句所传达的信息是："这位老人只有一个儿子" 。如果将此句改写成限定性定语从句：

The old man has a son who is in the army . 那位老人有一个在部队工作的儿子。那么，限定性定语从句就要对先行词son进行限定、修饰。这样一来，句子所传达的信息就变成了："这位老人有一个儿子在部队工作，还有其他的儿子在干别的工作"。）那位老人有一个儿子，他在部队工作。

定语从句专项练习

概念:
1. 定语从句在句子中作定语，也就是修饰名词（或代词），这个被修饰的词叫先行词。
2.定语从句必须有先行词，并尽量靠近先行词。
3.在定语从句中，关系词本身无固定的意义，其意义随先行词而定，在从句中充当成分。

关系代词与关系副词
 

1.______was natural, he married Jenny.
   A. Which  B. That  C. This  D. As
2. Such signs _____we use in the experiment______ Greek letters.
　A. as , are   B. as, is  C. that, are  D. that, is
3. I passed him a large glass of whisky, _____ he drank immediately .
　A. that B. as C. which D. who
4. She is very good at dance, ____everybody knows.
　A. that   B. which     C. who     D. as
5. It was raining, _____was a pity.
   A. what   B. that   C. the which  D. which
6.______has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.
　　A. Which B. What C. That D. As
7. We do the same work _____they do.
    A. which    B. as    C. than    D. like
8. The earth is round, _____we all know.
    A. that    B. which   C. who  D. as 

结论： as ,which均可以引出非限制性定语从句，,如都指前一句话的意思，二者可以互换。.as 引导的从句可以放在句首，as 本身有“正如…..正象…” 一类的含义。 与之连用的词有know， see， expect， announce， point out等。此外，在the same…as… ， such….as….中as引导的是限制性定语从句。

1. A. Is this the factory _____you visited last year?
  B. Is this factory ____you visited last year?
   a. that      b. where     c. in which     d. the one
2. A. Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who____ working in China.
  B. Mr Smith is the only one of those foreigners who ____working in China.
   a. is         b. has          c. have        d. are
3. A. Don’t discuss questions such _____those.
  B. Let’s discuss only the questions______ we are interested in.
   a. which    b. that  c. as    d. about which
4. A. All ____I need is a good rest.         
  B. ____I need is a good rest.               
　a. What  b. All what c. that d. Which   
5. A.Pisa is a city, ___ has a leaning tower.
  B. Pisa is a city, ____there is a leaning tower.
   a. which    b. that     c. where    d. there
6. A.This is the place ____we visited last year.
  B. This the place ____we worked last year.
   a. which    b. where   c. in that  d. there
7. A.The news ____he told us was very exciting.
  B. He has brought us the news ____our team has won the game.
     a. what     b. as      c. that      d. where
8. It is in a box ____I have hidden my money. We’ll go ___we are needed.
    a. that    b .in which    c. where   d. in it

结论：
在实践中要注意定语从句与其它从句的结构上的细微差别，能够正确区分使用它们。
Correct mistakes:
1. I saw some trees leaves of which were black with disease.
2. Here is the pen you lost it yesterday.
3. The girl told me the news is not here now.
4. This is the village where my father worked in three years ago.
5. The reason why he gave us sounded a little strange.
6. He is the only one of the students who knows French.
7. I’ll never forget the day on which I spent with you.
8. Which was planned, we met at the railway station.
9. This is the teacher with whom we’ve learnt a lot.
10. Is this farm we visited last year?

练习一
1. They are talking about things and persons ___ they knew when they were young. A. that   B. which   C. who   D. whom
2. This is the man ___ last night. A. whom I saw him    B. whom I saw  C. which I saw        D. who I saw him
3. The seventeenth century was one ___ many advances were made in science. A. that   B. which   C. where   D. when
4. We travelled together as far as Chicago, ___ we parted. A. when   B. which   C. why   D. where
5. The reason ___ I’m writing is to tell you about a party on Saturday. A. because   B. why   C. for   D. as
6. Author Edith Wharton thoroughly understood the society ___. A. she had grown up in it    B. which had she grown up in C. she had grown up       D. in which she had grown up
7. This is one of the best books ___. A. that have ever been written    B. that has ever been written C. that has written         D. that have written
8. The first time ___ I saw Premier Zhou was in 1958. A. when   B. where   C. which   D. that
9. Which of the two cows ___ you keep produces more milk? A. that   B. which   C. whom   D. what
10. He met my brother, from ___ he got the news of my marriage. A. who   B. whom   C. which   D. whose
11. Would you please put the book ___ it belongs? A. to whom   B. to which   C. into which   D. where
12. Do you remember the name of the company ___? A. where she works at       B. in which she works  C. for which she works in     D. in where she works
13. This is the most difficult book ___. A. what I have read it    B. which I have read it C. I have read           D. I have read it
14. The last place ___ was the Science Museum. A. we visited             B. where we visited  C. which we visited       D. we went
15. All ___ you have to do is to press the button. A. what   B. which   C. for that   D. that
16. Her opinion is the same ___ her mother’s. A. that   B. as   C. than   D. like
17. Peter lives in the room ___ window opens to the south. A. whose   B. that   C. which   D. /
18. Did she tell you anything ___ had happened to her? A. it   B. that   C. what   D. which
19. I’ll never forget the days ___ we spent together five year ago. A. which   B. when   C. where   D. how
20. July 1, 1921 was the day ___ the Communist Party of China was founded. A. that   B. on which   C. which   D. on that
21. The place __ interest the children most is the Children’s Palace. A. what   B. that   C. where   D. in which
22. I, ___ your good friend, will try my best to help you out. A. who is   B. who am   C. that is   D. what is
23. The brave man, ___ the tiger was shot, is a good hunter. A. of whom   B. by that   C. by whom   D. by which
24. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, ___ he could see what was going on inside the house. A. on which   B. at which   C. through which   D. in which
25. This is the girl ___ I believe was the driver of the car. A. who   B. whom   C. in whom 　 D. /
26. My hometown is no longer the same ___ it used to be. A. like   B. that   C. as   D. which
27. You can take any seat ___ is free. A. in which   B. that   C. where   D. on which
28. She hasn’t got enough money ___ to buy the rings. A. for which   B. with which   C. that   D. which
29. I’ve read all the books ___ were borrowed from the library. A. they   B. where   C. /   D. that
30. Is oxygen the only gas ___ helps fire burn? A. it   B. which   C. /   D. that
31. The Second World War ___ millions of people were killed ended in 1945. A. on which   B. where   C. in that   D. during which
32. Did you tell your mother all ___ you had seen on the way home? A. what   B. why   C. that   D. which
33. It’s one of the most important meetings ___ this years. A. that has been held        B. which has been held C. that have been held        D. which have held
34. Do you know who lives in the building ___ there is a well. A. in front of it           B. in front of whose C. in front of which       D. in the front of which
35. I’ll never. forget the day ___ I joined the League. A. on which   B. which   C. in which   D. at which
36. She showed her new watch to my wife, ___ was kept in a box. A. who   B. which   C. that   D. it
37. She had three sons, all ___ became doctors. A. who    B. whose    C. of which    D. of whom
38. This is the new type of plane ___ parts are made of plastics. A. that    B. what    C. which    D. whose
39. ___ is known to all, China is a developing country, belonging to the third world. A. It    B. That    C. As    D. Which
40. Is this the leaning tower ___ Galileo did experiments centuries ago? A. that   B. where   C. which    D. when
41. Mont Blanc ___ we visited last summer is the highest mountain in Europe. A. where    B. that    C. what    D. which
42. Those ___ not only from books but also through practice will succeed. A. learn    B. who    C. that learns    D. who learn
43. Didn’t you see the man ___? A. I nodded just now         B. whom I nodded just now C. I nodded to him just now      D. I nodded to just now
44. Have you seen the girl ___? A. that I told               B. I told you of  C. whom I told you         D. I told you of him
45. Can you lend me the novel;___ the other day? A. that you talked              B. you talked about it  C. which you talked with        D. you talked about
46. Who ___ has common sense will do such a thing? A. which    B. who    C. whom     D. that
47. This is the biggest laboratory ___ we have every built in our school. A. which    B. what    C. where    D. /
48. Is there anything ___ to you? A. that is belonged  B. that belongs  C. that belong  D. which belongs
49. Please pass me the dictionary ___ cover is black. A. which    B. which of    C. its    D. whose
50. Is this the museum ___ you visited the other day? A. that    B. where    C. in which    D. the one
51. How do you like the book? It’s quite different from ___ I read last month. A. that    B. which    C. the one    D. the one what
52. Which sentence is wrong? A. The finger I dipped into the cup was not the one I put it into my mouth. B. Do you know the boy who jumped onto the platform? C. Science and new technology have made it possible for farmers to produce more food on the same
　 amount of land. D. People in ancient times took it for granted that the sun moved round the earth.
53. Antarctic ___ we know very little is covered with thick ice all the year round. A. which    B. where    C. that    D. about which
54. May the fourth is the day ___ we Chinese people will never forget. A. which    B. when    C. on which    D. about which
55. October 1,1945 is the day ___ the People’s Republic of China was founded. A. which    B. when    C. that    D. on that
56. A steel plant is a place ___ I am longing to visit these years. A. that    B. where    C. in which    D. to where
57. This is just the place ___ I am longing to visit these years. A. that    B. where    C. in which    D. to where
58. The hotel ___ during our holidays stands by the seaside. A. we stayed at        B. where we stayed at   C. we stayed          D. in that we stayed
59. He is not ___ a fool ___. A. such, as he is looked         B. such, as he looks  C. as, as he is looked           D. so, as he looks
60. He has two sons, ___ work as chemists. A. two of whom             B. both of whom  C. both of which             D. all of whom

练习二
1.The place _______interested me most was the Children's Palace.
A. Which B. where C. what D. in which
2.Do you know the man _______?
A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke
3.This is the hotel _______last month.
A. which they stayed B. at that they stayed
C. where they stayed at D. where they stayed
4.Do you know the year ______the Chinese Communist Party was founded?
A. which B. that C. when D. on which
5.That is the day ______I'll never forget.
A. which B. on which C. in which D. when
6.The factory ______we'll visit next week is not far from here.
A. where B. to which C. which D. in which
7.Great changes have taken place since then in the factory _______we are working.
A. where B. that C. which D. there
8.This is one of the best films _______.
A. that have been shown this year B. that have shown
C. that has been shown this year D. that you talked
9.Can you lend me the book ______the other day?
A. about which you talked B. which you talked
C. about that you talked D. that you talked
10.The pen ______he is writing is mine.
A. with which B. in which C. on which D. by which
11.They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of ______sat a small boy.
A. whom B. who C. which D. that
12.The engineer ______my father works is about 50 years old.
A. to whom B. on whom C. with which D. with whom
13.It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?
A. who B. who's C. which D. whose
14.I'm interested in ______you have said.
A. all that B. all what C. that D. which
15.I want to use the same dictionary ______was used yesterday.
A. which B. who C. what D. as
16.He isn't such a man ______he used to be.
A. who B. whom C. that D. as
17.He is good at English, ______we all know.
A. that B. as C. whom D. what
18.Li Ming, ______to the concert enjoyed it very much.
A. I went with B. with whom I went C. with who I went D.I went with him
19.I don't like ______ as you read.
A. the novels B. the such novels C. such novels D. same novels
20.He talked a lot about things and persons ________they remembered in the school.
A. which B. that C. whom D. what
21.The letter is from my sister, ______is working in Beijing.
A. which B. that C. whom D. who
22.In our factory there are 2,000 workers, two thirds of ____are women.
A. them B. which C. whom D. who
23.You're the only person ______I've ever met ______could do it.
A. who;/ B./; whom C. whom;/ D./; who
24.I lost a book, ______I can't remember now.
A. whose title B. its title C. the title of it D. the title of that
25.Last summer we visited the West Lake, ______Hangzhou is famous in the world.
A. for which B. for that C. in which D. what
26.I have bought such a watch _______ was advertised on TV.
A. that B. which C. as D. it
27.I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.
A. when; which B. which; when C. what; that D. on which; when
28.The way ______he looks at problems is wrong.
A. which B. whose C. what D./
29.This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.
A. in which B. with which C. that D. for which
30.This machine, ______for many years, is still working perfectly.
A. after which I have looked B. which I have looked after
C. that I have looked after D. I have looked after
31.The reason ______he didn't come was ______he was ill.
A. why; that B.that;why C. for that;that D.for which;what
32.He is working hard, ______will make him pass the final exam.
A.that B.which C.for which D.who
33.That is not the way ______I do it.
A./ B.which C.for which D.with which
34.I have two grammars, ______are of great use.
A. all of which B. either of which C. both of that D. both of which
35.I want to use the same tools _______used in your factory a few days ago.
A. as was B. which was C. as were D. which
36.My neigh bours used to give me a hand in time of trouble, _______ was very kind of them.
A. who B. which C. that D. it
37.This is the magazine _______ I copied the paragraph.
A. that B. which C. from that D. from which
38.He is not such a man _______ would leave his work half done.
A. that B. which C. who D. as
39. You can depend on whatever promise _______ he makes.
A. / B. why C. when D. whose
40. Smoking, _______ is a bad habit, is, however, popular.
A. that B. which C. it D. though
41. --- Did you ask the guard _______ happened?
--- Yes, he told me all _______ he knew.
A. what; that B. what; what C. which; which D. that; that
42. I shall never forget those years _______ I lived on the farm with
the farmers, _______ has a great effect on my life.
A. when; who B. that; which C. which; that D. when; which
43. The number of the people who _______ cars _______ increasing.
A. owns; are B. owns; is C. own; is D. own; are
44. During the days ________, he worked as a servant at the Browns.
A. followed B. following C. to follow D. that followed
45. Is oxygen the only gas _______ helps fire burn?
A. that B. / C. which D. it
46. The clever boy made a hole in the wall, _______ he could see _____ was going on inside house.
A. which; what B. through which; what C. through that; what D. what; that
47. Is _______ some German friends visited last week?
A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where
48. John got beaten in the game, _______ had been expected.
A. as B. that C. what D. who
49. I have bought two ballpens, _______ writes well.
A. none of them B. neither of them C. neither of which D. none of which
50. All that can be eaten _______ eaten up.
A. are being B. has been C. had been D. have been

练习三
Mary lives in the room, the door _____ opens east.
A. of it     B. of which     C. of that     D. whose
The engineer _____ my father is talking has just come from abroad.
A. with whom     B. with who     C. with which     D. that
He lives in a hotel, _____ is only five minutes’ walk from here.
A. that     B. which     C. in which     D. where
Is there anything _____ I can do for you?
.  A. which     B. who     C. as      D. that
The speaker will tell us about some writers and their works _____are known to us.
A. which     B. that     C. as     D. who
This is the reason _____ they are all against the plan.
A. which     B. that     C. why     D. what
It was not until late in the evening _____ the traveler found a hotel.
A. which     B. that     C. as     D. where
I didn’t like the way _____ she spoke to me.
A. which     B. that     C. how     D. as
This is _____ I can do for you right now.
A. which     B. that     C. what     D. as
It was at our college library _____ I borrowed the novel.
A. which     B. in which     C. that     D. where
I have seen trees, _____ open at sunrise and close at sunset.
A. which the leaves   B. of which the leaves   C. whose leaves   D. its leaves
All _____ is needed is a supply of oil.
A. the thing      B. that     C. what     D. which
The foreign guests, _____ were scientists, were warmly welcomed at the airport.
A. most of whom  B. most of them  C. most of which  D. most of those
I can still remember the sitting-room ____ my mother and I used to sit in the evening.
A. what     B. which     C. that      D. where
On the train I saw a student _____ I thought was your sister.
A. who     B. whom     C. which     D. that
Is the river _____ through the town very long?
A. flows     B. that flows     C. which flow     D. the one flows
Is this college _____ they went to last year?
A. that     B. which     C. the one     D. the one what
Is this the university _____ you visited last time?
A. that one     B. which     C. the one     D. the one what
It is the factory _____ his father worked a few years ago.
A. that     B. which     C. where     D. what
It is the factory _____ his father wanted to go to.
A. that     B. the one     C. where     D. what
Egypt is a country _____ is famous for its pyramids.
A. where     B. which      C. in which     D. at which
China is the country _____ he spent the best part of his life.
A. where     B. which     C. in that      D. at which
A small car arrived, _____ came a man, a woman and five children of different ages.
A. out of that     B. out of it     C. out of which     D. whose car
Can you suggest a time _____ it will be convenient to meet?
A. that     B. which     C. when     D. in which
I’d like to tell you _____ I saw in the exhibition.
A. which     B. that     C. what     D. /
Have you got anything _____ belongs to me?
A. which     B. that     C. of which     D. what
I hope that the little _____ I have been able to do has been of some use.
A. which     B. that     C. what     D. for which
28. Who _______ has common sense will do such a thing?
   A. which      B. that    C .whose    D. whom
29 The bike and its rider _____ had knocked down the boy were taken to the police.
   A. who       B .that     C. which    D. whom
30. My uncle had three sons, two of _____ died during the last earthquake.
   A. them       B .which     C. whom    D. that
31. Put the letter ______ he can find it easily.
   A. in which     B. at which    C. where    D. which
32. There is little time _____ we can spare.
   A. which      B. that        C. as       D. what
33. Everything ______ he said was of great importance.
   A. which      B. that        C. as       D. what
34..This is one of the presents ______ he gave me.
   A. which      B. that        C. as       D. what
35. This is the very letter _____ I am looking for .
   A. which      B. that        C. as       D. what
36. Tom didn’t attend the meeting, ________ we expected.
   A. where      B. that        C. as       D. what
37. I will give you such information _______ will help you.
   A. which      B. that        C. as       D. what
38. She wears the same kind of clothes ______ her sister does.
   A. which      B. what        C. that     D. as
39. I have never seen such a clever boy ______ you.
   A. which      B. that         C. as      D. what
40. Do you know the reason ______ he was late?
   A. that        B. which       C. what    D. for which
41 ._____ the teacher has announced, school will be opened tomorrow.
   A. Once       B. Because     C. As      D. Since
42. The size of the audience, _____we had expected, was well over twenty thousand.
   A. as         B. which       C. what    D. because
43. This is the best hotel in the city ____ I know.
   A. which       B. that         C. where   D. it
44. The only problem ______ troubled him has not been solved.
   A. which       B. that         C. as      D. what
45. You can take any books ______ you like.
   A. which       B. that         C. as      D. what
46. This is the best novel _______ I have ever read.
   A. which       B. what        C. as      D. that
47. This is the first play _____ I have seen since I came here.
   A. which       B. that         C. as      D. what
48. The lady ____ is a woman scientist.
   A.whom you spoke B. with which you spoke C.whom you said to D.you spoke to
49. The way _____ you are doing it is completely crazy.
   A. that        B. which        C. as        D. what
50. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone _______ family was poor.
   A .of whom    B. whom        C. of whose   D. whose
51. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most of _____ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
   A. these       B. those         C. that       D. which
52. This is the third week _____ the dustmen haven’t come for the rubbish.
   A. that        B. when         C. which      D. on which
53. Is it that museum ________ they’d like to visit during their trip to Japan?
   A. that         B. which         C. where      D. as
54. He is the only one of the students _________ the truth.
   A. who know    B. who knows     C. that know   D. who are knowing
55. Did they find they went back________ ?
where had they been     B. where were they
C. where they had been      D. where they were
56. To get the job started, ______ I need is your permission.
   A. only what     B. all what     C. all that      D. only that
57. The policemen were sure that the murderer was the man _____ gun was found lying beside the dead body.
   A. who had      B. whose     C. which      D. of whom a
58. Nearly all the food ______ comes from animals and plants.
   A. that eat       B. is eaten      C. we eat         D. that eats
59. Has all ____ can be done______?
   A. what, done    B. that, been done  C. that, be done   D. what, already done
60. It began to rain, _______ was exactly what we wanted.
   A. that         B. what        C. which        D. it
61. More and more young people like playing football, ______ is an exciting game.
   A. what          B. which         C. that          D. because
62.Wilma became the first American woman to win three Olympic gold medals in track, _____made her mother very proud.
   A. it         B. that            C. which       D. this
63. I’m going to visit the factory ______ your brother worked a few years ago.
   A. that       B. where           C. which       D. what
64. We are going to visit the school ______ you went to last time.
   A. which     B. where          C .in which      D. what
65. The days ______ we worked together cannot be easily forgotten.
   A. that       B. when          C. which         D. at which
66. These days _____ we spent together cannot be easily forgotten.
   A. that       B. when          C. on which       D. at which
67. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.
   A. most of them      B. most of that     C. most of which    D. that
68. My father bought me several books, but _____ was interesting.
   A. most of them   B. none of them  C. none of which   D. neither of which
69. China has thousands of islands, ______ the largest is Taiwan.
   A. which        B. in which       C. that        D. of which
70. Do you understand the theory ______ ?
that how the living things came into being
how did the living things come into being
of how the living things come into being
of how did the living things come into being
71. They are flying to Hong Kong, ______they plan to visit for two or three days.
   A. where    B. when      C. that        D. which
72. Great changes have taken place in the small town, ______ the famous writer spent his childhood.
   A. where     B. when      C. that      D. in the town
73. Can you suggest a time ________ we can meet?
   A. which     B. when      C. where      D. how
74. That’s the very point ______ .
   A. that must be insisted       B. which must be insisted
   C. that must be insisted on     D. which must be insisted upon
75. “Thirty-nine Steps” is one of the most exciting films ____ directed by Alfred Hotchcock.
   A. which was     B. that was    C. that were    D. which were
76. That’s the only furniture _____ we have.
   A. that     B. what     C. which     D. all
77. All of the plants now raised on farms have been developed from the plants _____ wild.
   A. once they grew  B. they grew once  C. that once grew  D. once grew
78. The last place _____ the foreign friends visited was the Summer Palace.
   A. what     B. which     C. that     D. in which
79. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help.
   A. that     B. who     C. from whom     D. to whom
80. Those _____ were not fit for their work could not see the beautiful clothes.
   A. who     B. that     C. which     D. whose
81. Don’t trust such men _____ praise you to your face.
   A. as     B. who     C. that     D. which
82. I’ve bought the same kind of electric fan _____ you bought last time.
   A. which     B. that     C./     D. as
83. The house is just the same _____ it used to be.
   A. which     B. that     C. /     D. as
84. Mr. Smith isn’t such a man _____ he used to be.
   A. as     B. what     C. that     D. who
85. He must be from Shanghai, _____ can be judged from his accent.
   A. which     B. that      C. what     D. as
86. The young girl is not _____ she used to be a few years ago.
   A. which     B. that      C. what     D. as
87. The children themselves were calm enough; _____ the parents that got into a panic.
   A. in spite of     B. those were     C. it was     D. however
88. It was many years ago _____ I met her in London.
   A. since     B. when     C. that     D. which
89. It is many years _____ we met last in London.
   A. since     B. when     C. that     D. which
90. He’s from Shanghai, _____ population is the largest of all cities in China.
   A. whose     B. its     C. which     D. that
91. _____ is known to all, the earth is round.
   A. It     B. As     C. That     D. Which
92. Such signs _____ we use in the book _____ Greek letters.
   A. as, is     B. which, are     C. as, are     D. which, is
93. She’ll be on the same train _____ I am on today.
   A. as     B. like     C. with     D. that
94. When people talk about the cities of US, the first _____ comes into mind is  New York.
   A. city     B. of them     C. one     D. that
95. Is there anyone in your class _____ family is in the city?
   A. which     B. whose     C. what     D. who
96. There are 30 books on the desk, two _____ are novels.
   A. of them     B. of that     C. of which     D. of whom
97. He hasn’t got enough money with _____ he can buy the computer.
   A. that     B. which     C. it     D. whom
98. Winter is the time of year _____ the days are short and nights are long.
   A. that     B. which     C. when     D. whose
99. Do you know the reason _____ she got so angry yesterday?
   A. which     B. in which     C. that     D. why
100. Football, _____ is a very interesting game, is played all over the world.
　　　A. that     B. which     C. it     D. who
　　　
　　　

练习三答案
01-05 BABDB     06-10 CBBCD  11-15 CBADA   16-20 BCBCA  21-25 BACCC  
26-30 BBBBC   31-35 CBBBB    36-40 CBDCD   41-45 CABBB   46-50 DBDAD  
51-55 DAABC   56-60 CBCBC   61-65 BCBAB   66-70 ACBDC   71-75 DABCC   
76-80 ACCDA   81-85 ADDAA   86-90 CCCAA   91-95 BCADB    96-100 CBCDB
 
练习二答案详解

1. A. which用作关系代词，在定语从句中作主语。
2．C. "和谁讲话”要说speak to sb. 本题全句应为Do you know the man whom I spoke to.。whom是关系代词，作介词to的宾语，可以省略。
3. D. where是关系副词，表示地点，在定语从句中作地点状语。
4. C. when是关系副词，表示时间，在定语从句中作时间状语。
5．A. which是关系代词，在从句中作forget的宾语。其他几个答案都不能作宾语。
6．C. 解析同第5题。
7. A. 解析见第3题。
8. A. 本句话的先行词应该是films,因此，关系代词that是负数概念，其谓语动词应用复述的被动语态have been shown。如果句中的one前面使用了定冠词the，则the one应该视为先行词。
9. A. “谈到某事物”应说talk about sth.。about是介词，其后要用which作宾语，不能用that。
10. A. with which是"介词+关系代词"结构,常用来引导定语从句.with有"用"的意思,介词之后只能用which,不能用that. with which在定语从句中作状语,即he is writing with a pen.

11. C. in front of which 即in front of a farmhouse. In front of which在从句中作状语.
12. D. with whom引导定语从句.with whom放在从句中即为:my father works with the engineer.
13. D. whose引导定语从句,在从句中作主语family的定语.
14. A. that引导定语从句,因为先行词是all,所以只能选用that引导.
15. D. the same……..as是固定用法, as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本句话中,as作从句的主语.
16. D. such……… as是固定用法,as引导定语从句时,可以作主语,宾语或表语.在本题中,as作表语.
17. B. as作关系代词可以单独用来引导非限制性定语从句。这时as所指代的不是主句中某个名词，而往往指代整个主句的含义。as在从句中可以作主语、宾语。从句可放在主句后，也可置于主句前。在本句中,as作宾语.
18. B. Li Ming enjoyed it very much是主句,with whom I went to the concert是定语从句.with whom放在从句中为:I went to the concert with Li Ming.
19. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。 as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。Such修饰单数名词时,要用such a……..,本题中such books, such直接修饰复数名词.
20. B. things和persons是先行词.当定语从句要修饰的先行词是既表示人,又表示物的名词时,其关系代词要用that.

21. D. who引导非限制性定语从句,who作从句的主语.
22. C. two thirds of whom 即:two thirds of the 2,000 workers.
23. D. 先行词person后有两个定语从句,第一个从句省略了关系代词whom.因为, whom作从句中met的宾语,可以省略.第二个从句who could do it.who在从句中作主语,不可省略.
24. A. whose title引导非限制性定语从句,whose title也可以说成the title of which
25. A. for which 引导定语从句,使用介词for,是来自于从句中的固定短语 be famous for "以……..而闻名".
26. C. 当先行词被such修饰时,引导定语从句的关系代词要用as. As在本从句中作主语.
27. A. 两个先行词the day都是表示时间的名词,但第一个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作状语,因此要用关系副词when. 第二个空白处要填的关系词在从句中作动词spent的宾语,因此要用关系代词which或that来引导定语从句.
28. D. 在way、distance、direction等词后的定语从句中，常用that来代替“in (或其他介词)+which”、when或where，而that常可省略。
29. D. for which在定语从句中作原因状语,可用why 来替代.
30. B. which I have looked after 构成一个非限制性定语从句.

31. A. The reason why… was that….已成为一种固定句型，这一句中的why和that不能随意换位，也不能将that改成because，尽管that这个词在译文中可能有 “因为”的含义。
32. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
33. A. 解释见28题.
34. D. 主句中的two表明不能选A.从句中的are表明不能选B. both of which用来引导非限制性定语从句.
35. C. as引导定语从句时通常构成such…as或the same…as固定搭配，其中such和same修饰其后的名词，as为关系代词，指代其前的名词引导定语从句。as在从句中可以作主语、表语或宾语。本题中as作从句的主语.
36. B. 非限制性定语从句常用which引导,which表示前句话的整个含义.
37. D.
38. D. 解析见35题.
39. A. he makes是定语从句, 从句前省略了关系代词that.
40. B. which is a bad habit 非限制性定语从句.

41. A. what happened是宾语从句. all 之后that he knew是定语从句.先行词是all,所以关系代词只能用that.
42. D. years是表示时间的名词,用when引导定语从句,是因为when在从句中作时间状语.第二个空选用which,引导一个非限制性定语从句.
43. C. 本句话的定语从句是who own cars. 其先行词是people,因此,定语从句的谓语动词要用复数的own。本句话主句的主语是The number of指“…..的数目”，是单数概念。因此，主句的谓语动词要用is。
44. D. that followed是定语从句，关系代词that在从句中作主语。
45. A. 先行词gas被only修饰，关系代词要用that，而不用which。
46. B. through which引导定语从句，through which即through the hole,在定语从句中作状语。What引导的是see的宾语从句，并作从句的主语。
47. B. 为便于理解，改写本句话：This is the school that some German friends visited last week. 不难看出，作表语的the school是先行词。that引导了定语从句，因为that同时又作visited的宾语，所以被省略了。其它选项结构不对。
48. A. 解释见35题。
49. C. 因为是two ballpens, 并且定语从句的谓语writes是单数概念。因此，C是正确选项。
50. B. 本句话中，主句的主语是all,为抽象概念。因此，其谓语应用单数的has been。关系代词that引导定语从句，并在从句中作主语。