不规则动词 - 给力英语

[postmoney=1] 1.A-A-A型（无变化的动词）

cut-cut-cut　let-let-let　hit-hit-hit　put-put-put　cost-cost-cost　hurt-hurt-hurt　read/rid/-read[red]-read[red]

2.A-A-B型（现在式和过去式同形）

beat-beat-beaten

3.A-B-A型（现在式和过去分词同形）

come-came-come

become-became-become

run-ran-run

4.A-B-B型（动词的过去式与过去分词相同）

（1）词尾的“d”变为“t”或词尾是“n”加“t”

build-built-built　lend-lent-lent　send-sent-sent　spend-spent-spent

burn-burnt/burned-burnt/burned　learn-learnt/learned-learnt/learned

mean-meant-meant

（2）把原形变为aught及ought的变化（如果原形有a则是aught，无a则是ought）

buy-bought-bought　bring-brought-brought　think-thought-thought

fight-fought-fought　catch-caught-caught　teach-taught-taught

（3）eep变ept或过去式、过去分词含有/e/音的动词

keep-kept-kept　sleep-slept-slept　sweep-swept-swept　leave-left-left

say-said-said　meet-met-met　spell-spelt-spelt

smell-smelt/smelled-smelt/smelled　hold-held-held　feel-felt-felt

（4）其他

dig-dug-dug　find-found-found　stand-stood-stood

understand-understood-understood　get-got-got　sit-sat-sat

spoil-spoilt-spoilt　have/has-had-had　sell-sold-sold　tell-told-told　hang-hanged/hung-hanged/hung　hear-heard-heard　make-made-made

pay-paid-paid　lay-laid-laid　lie（说谎）-lied-lied　lose-lost-lost

shine-shone/shined-shone/shined　win-won-won　shoot-shot-shot

5.A-B-C型（现在式、过去式和过去分词都不相同）

（1）in、im的变化（i-a-u型）

sing-sang-sung　ring-rang-rung　begin-began-begun

drink-drank-drunk　swim-swam-swum　sink-sank-sunk

（2）在动词原形后加－n或－en构成过去分词

①ow及aw的变化（过去式以ew结尾，过去分词以wn结尾）

draw-drew-drawn　know-knew-known　throw-threw-thrown

blow-blew-blown　grow-grew-grown　fly-flew-flown

②元音是i的开音节的变化（过去分词以en结尾）

drive-drove-driven　rise-rose-risen　ride-rode-ridden

write-wrote-written　give-gave-given

③其他

see-saw-seen　eat-ate-eaten　take-took-taken　fall-fell-fallen　freeze-froze-frozen　show-showed-shown　break-broke-broken

speak-spoke-spoken　wake-woke-woken　choose-chose-chosen

forget-forgot-forgotten　lie（躺，放）-lay-lain　wear-wore-worn

be（am，is，are）-was/were-been

（3）其他

go-went-gone　do-did-done

6.有过去式，没有过去分词的动词

can-could　may-might　must-must　shall-should　will-would

不规则名词复数形式

1.以－f或－fe结尾的名词变复数

（1）加－s，如：

belief-beliefs　roof-roofs　gulf-gulfs

（2）去f，fe加－ves，如：

half-halves　knife-knives　leaf-leaves　life-lives　wolf-wolves

thief-thieves　self-selves　wife-wives　shelf-shelves

歌诀记忆：树叶（leaf）半数（half）自己（self）黄；妻子（wife）拿刀（knife）去割粮；架（shelf）后窜出一匹狼（wolf）；就像小偷（thief）逃命（life）亡。这9个名词变复数时，都要改－f（e）为v，再加－es，其他的以－f（e）结尾的名词则直接加－s变复数。

2.以－o结尾的名词，变复数

（1）加s，如：photo-photos　piano-pianos　radio-radios　zoo-zoos　kilo-kilos

（2）加es，如：potato-potatoes　tomato-tomatoes　Negro-Negroes　hero-heroes

歌诀记忆：黑人（Negro）和英雄（hero）爱吃西红柿（tomato）和马铃薯（potato）。除了这四个以－o结尾的名词加－es外，其余的以－o结尾的名词加－s。

3.表示“国家”的名词变复数

Chinese-Chinese　Japanese-Japanese　Englishman-Englishmen

Frenchman-Frenchmen　German-Germans　Russian-Russians　Indian-Indians

Canadian-Canadians　American-Americans

歌诀记忆：中（Chinese）日（Japanese）不变，英（Englishman）法（Frenchman）变，其余后面（如German等）加s。

4.以复数形式出现的名词

scissors剪刀　goods货物　trousers/pants/shorts裤子　clothes衣服

glasses眼镜

5.以s结尾，仍为单数的名词

（1）maths，politics，physics等学科名词，为不可数名词，是单数。

（2）news是不可数名词。

（3）the United States，the United Nations应视为单数。

6.由man和woman构成的合成名词，两个构成部分都要变成复数

如：man worker-men workers（男工人）

woman doctor-women doctors（女医生）

7.以辅音字母＋y结尾的名词，变y为i再加－es。例如：

baby-babies　city-cities　story-stories　party-parties　lady-ladies

diary-diaries　army-armies　century-centuries　copy-copies

8.以s，x，ch，sh结尾的名词加－es，如：

class-classes　box-boxes　watch-watches　speech-speeches　bus-buses　brush-brushes　bench-benches　beach-beaches　boss-bosses

church-churches

9.其他不规则变化

man-men　woman-women　goose-geese　foot-feet　tooth-teeth

child-children　fish-fish　deer-deer　sheep-sheep　mouse-mice fisherman-fishermen

歌诀记忆：男人（man）？女人（woman）？a变e，鹅（goose）？足（foot）？牙（tooth）？oo变ee。孩子（child）加上ren，鱼（fish）？鹿（deer）　绵羊（sheep）不用变。

[注]fish指鱼的种类时，要加上－es构成其复数；当指鱼的条数时，单复数同形；指鱼肉时，为不可数名词。

不规则形容词副词比较级与最高级

原级　比较级　最高级

bad worse worst

badly worse worst

far farther farthest

further furthest

good better best

ill worse worst

late later latest

little less least

many more most

much more most

old older oldest

well better best

不规则动词表

infinitive

past tense

past participle

mean

arise

arose

arisen

出现

was, were

been

是

beat

beaten

击败

become

became

become

成为

begin

began

begun

开始

bend

bent

弯曲

bet

打赌

bite

bit

bitten

咬

bleed

bled

流血

blow

blew

blown

打击

break

broke

broken

打破

bring

brought

带来

broadcast

广播

build

built

建设

burn

burnt, burned

燃烧

burst

爆裂

buy

bought

购买

can

could

可以

catch

caught

捕捉

choose

chose

chosen

选择

come

came

come

来

cost

花费

cut

切

deal

dealt

处理

dig

dug

挖

did

done

做

draw

drew

drawn

画

dream

dreamt, dreamed

梦想

drink

drank

drunk

喝

drive

drove

driven

开车

eat

ate

eaten

吃

fall

fell

fallen

下降

feed

fed

饲养

feel

felt

感觉

fight

fought

战斗

find

found

发现

fly

flew

flown

飞

foresee

foresaw

foreseen

预见

forget

forgot

forgotten

忘记

forgive

forgave

forgiven

原谅

freeze

froze

frozen

冻结

get

got

获得

give

gave

given

给

went

gone

去

grow

grew

grown

增长

hang

hung ,hanged

hung, hanged

挂

have, has

had

有

hear

heard

听

hide

hid

hidden

隐藏

hit

击中

hold

held

举行

hurt

伤害

keep

kept

保持

know

knew

known

知道

lay

laid

躺在

lead

led

领导

learn

learnt, learned

学习

leave

left

离开

lend

lent

借出

let

让

lie

lay

lain

撒谎

light

lit, lighted

照亮

lose

lost

失去

make

made

使

may

might

可能

mean

meant

意思

meet

met

见面

misread

误解

mistake

mistook

mistaken

错误

misunderstand

misunderstood

误会

must

必须

pay

paid

付

put

放

read

读

rid

rid, ridded

摆脱

ride

rode

ridden

骑

ring

rang

rung

响

rise

rose

risen

上升

run

ran

run

跑

say

said

说

see

saw

seen

看

seek

sought

寻求

sell

sold

出售

send

sent

发送

set

放置

shake

shook

shaken

摇动

shall

should

将

shine

shone, shined

闪耀

show

showed

showed, shown

显示

shut

关闭

sing

sang

sung

唱

sink

sank, sunk

sunk, sunken

下沉

sit

sat

坐

sleep

slept

睡觉

smell

smelt, smelled

闻

sow

sowed

sown, sowed

播种

speak

spoke

spoken

发言

spell

spelt, spelled

拼写

spellbind

spellbound

迷惑

spend

spent

花

spill

spilt

洒

spin

spun

旋转

spit

spat

吐

spoil

spoilt

溺爱

spread

蔓延

stand

stood

站

steal

stole

stolen

窃取

stick

stuck

粘贴

strike

struck

struck, stricken

打击

swell

swelled

swollen

膨胀

sweep

swept

扫

swim

swam

swum

游泳

swing

swung

摆动

take

took

taken

带走

teach

taught

教

tell

told

告诉

think

thought

认为

throw

threw

thrown

扔

understand

understood

明白

upset

打乱

wake

waked，woke

waked，woken，woke

醒来

wear

wore

worn

穿

weave

wove

woven

编织

will

would

将

win

won

赢

write

wrote

written

写

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