New words and expression 生词和短语

学习词汇时仅知道汉语语义是不够的，要把单词放在语句中体会其应用

学习关键句结构是则要把它放在段落结构或文章里

Resolution 

n. the quality of being resolute，决心   take resolution to do sth. / make up one’s mind to do sth. /  be determined to do sth. / decide to do sth.

n. formal decision，决议

同根词1. Resolve  vi . resolve to do sth. = take resolution to do sth.

--Before we came here ,we resolved to learn English hard.

Resolve sb. on sth. 使某人下定决心做某事

--I resolved him on English study.

--Nobody resolved him on this decision.

2. Resolute   a.坚决的,果断的

--We must be true in word and resolute in deed.我们必须言必信,行必果.

Mentally   adv. 内心里

Compile  vt.编辑,编制(collect information and arrange in a book (great book/dictionary))

同义词 Edit   vt .编辑(collect information and arrange in newspaper or magazine)

--The editor is busing editing the newspaper.

Formidable  adj. 令人敬畏的

Occur   vi. happen

--A good idea occurred to me. / It occurred to him that he should open the door.

形近词1. Recur   vi .再发生,又出现 occur again

2. Incur   vt. 导致,招致,造成 (=lead to / result in / give rise to / cause)

--Air pollution incurs some terrible disease.

Regularity   n. 规律性

Accomplish    vt. 成功地达到目的 accomplish one’s purpose/ goal/ dream/ aim/ work/ task

--He accomplish his journey.

同义词1. Attain   vt. 得到,获得(经过艰苦的努力)

Attain one’s ambition   Get success / attain success

Attain to 某人希望达到的成就  attain  某人已经达到的成就

--He has attained heights that I can never attain to .

--This is the height that I hope to attain to.

--This is the height that I have attained.

2. Achieve   vt. 达到一定目的时的表现及努力

--This is what he achieved after ten years of hard work.

--We always cherish（珍惜treasure / value / prize）what we have achieved.

--I feel very happy because you accomplish your dream.

3. Accomplishment  n. 成就(主要用于修养,才艺,本领等方面的成就)

4. Achievement  n. (最通俗的说法,可代替accomplishment)

--Such accomplishment is beyond your attainment.

--His attainment is beyond my understanding.

--His accomplishment is unexpected to me.

Inveterate  adj. 根深蒂固的

Self-improvement   n. 自我完善

Scheme   n. 简单的计划

Ambitious   adj. 雄心勃勃的  Ambition  (中性词)

--Everybody in the modern society must be ambitious.

--If you work hard, you can attain your ambition.

Pitfall  n. 意外的困难

Modest  adj. 要求不过分的;谦虚的

--I make New Year resolution and I think them modest.

--Be modest is one of our virtues.

Assiduously  adj. 刻苦的 diligently

--If you study English assiduously, nothing is difficult.

Self-discipline  n. 自我约束

Frame   n. 躯体 = body

Betray  

vt. 暴露,显露  

--Her face betrayed her nervousness.

vt. 出卖,背叛   

--I don’t know who betrayed me.

Troop   v. 成群结队的走动

Unsettle   v. 使不安

Taunt  vt./ n. 嘲笑,奚落人的话(try to make sb angry or upset by saying unkind remarks)

Taunt sb. with sth. 因为什么原因而讥笑某人

--They taunted him with being poor / poverty, so he felt angry.

Make fun of / laugh at

--He is wearing a strange hat ,so we make fun of him.

Jeer  vi.

Jeer at 嘲笑,戏弄

--We know he is eccentric, but anyway don’t jeer at him.

同义词1. Mock  vt./vi.

Mock at  嘲笑

--Mocked (at) by others ,he had my sympathy.

--When the teacher is writing on the blackboard ,naughty boy student mocked at him.

2. Scoff   vi.  Scoff at (渺视地)嘲笑 pour scorn on

--Don’t scoff at those students who don’t have good accomplishment / mark.

3. Gibe / jibe  vi. 嘲弄,挖苦(that is intended to make the person look silly)

Gibe at sb. / sth.

--I gibed at him ,in my opinion ,he was dull. 

Good-humouredly   adv. 和气地，心情好的

Wane   vi. 逐渐变小,变弱(becoming less or weaker)

--He exerts suttle influence on his children ,but his children are growing up ,so his influence is waning.

--The moon will wax, the moon will wane.月有阴晴圆缺.

同义词

1. Diminish 

vt.减少,缩小(Make smaller in size / amount / number and so on)

--The second world war diminished the country’s wealth.

vi.渐渐衰退,渐渐减小=wane

--Time will never cause our friendship to diminish / wane.

2. Reduce  vt.(数量尺寸等程序)

--If you reduce the price to 10 dollars, I will take it.

Reduce to / reduce by

--The shop assistant reduced the price by 10 dollars.

3. Lessen  vt.(指数量.价值可能性的)降低

--I agree to your idea that you can climb the tree, but anyway, please lessen the risk of being hurt / injured.

--That is a good idea, but you must lessen the possibility of failure.

4. Increase / decrease (使数量,程度)减小,降低

--Our interest in English is increasing.

--Our interest in clothes is not decreasing.

Hypnotize  vt.使朦胧，使欲睡

Undoing   n.毁灭的原因

Screen    n.电视机的屏幕

lull sb. to sleep

Text 课文

The Spring Festival is a time for gathering.

A time for

Mentally, at least, most of us could compile formidable lists of 'dos' and 'don'ts'.

Mentally : at heart

--We become illogical when we decide what can be eaten and what can not be eaten.

The same old favorites recur year in year out with monotonous regularity.

Favorites : resolution

Recur : happen / take place

Year in year out : one year after another / year by year

day in day out : one day after another / day by day

We resolve to get up earlier each morning, eat less, find more time to play with the children, do a thousand and one jobs about the house, be nice to people we don't' like, drive carefully, and take the dog for a walk every day.

resolve to 下定决心

Past experience has taught us that certain accomplishments are beyond attainment.

--It is hard for us to attain some certain attainment.

If we remain inveterate smokers, it is only because we have so often experienced the frustration that results from failure.

Inveterate : deep rooted

--Because we have too often experience the frustration, it means nothing to me.

Frustration : disappointment in one’s mind or the feeling that you get from you failure

Result from 由……产生的

Result in : lead to / cause

--Failure will result in frustration.

Most of us fail in our efforts at self-improvement because our schemes are too ambitious and we never have time to carry them out.

Carry out : carry off

Fail in our efforts / attempt

--We accumulate clutter in an attempt to avoid waste.

We also make the fundamental error of announcing our resolutions to everybody so that we look even more foolish when we slip back into our bad old ways.

Error : mistake

--Even beans have got their black.

--If you often make some common mistake, you will get the frustration.

slip back into : return to the normal way

Aware of these pitfalls, this year I attempted to keep my resolutions to myself.

--Keep my resolution to myself : keep my resolution secret

--We arrived at our destination exhausted. Exhausted, we arrived at our destination.

--Aware of the importance, I attempt to carry it out.

I limited myself to two modest ambitions: to do physical exercise every morning and to read more of an evening.

Limit oneself to    limit 限定到点 / restrict 限定到范围

Ambitions : New Year resolution

--A good beginning is half success.

An all-night party on New Year's Eve provided me with a good excuse for not carrying out either of these new resolutions on the first day of the year, but on the second, I applied myself assiduously to the task.

Apply oneself to / apply one’s time to / apply one’s mind / energy to / be devoted / dedicated to

--In 2002, I shall apply myself to learning English.

The daily exercises lasted only eleven minutes and I proposed to do them early in the morning before anyone had got up.

Propose to do / proposal

--I propose to do / I decided to do.

The self-discipline required to drag myself out of bed eleven minutes earlier than usual was considerable.

Required 与 The self-discipline 是动宾关系

--The self-discipline required to study English hard is considerable as well.

Nevertheless, I managed to creep down into the living room for two days before anyone found me out.

Nevertheless : however

After jumping about on the carpet and twisting the human frame into uncomfortable positions, I sat down at the breakfast table in an exhausted condition.

in an exhausted condition : exhausted

It was this that betrayed me.

It……that……句型

--It was exhausted condition that betrayed my secret.

The next morning the whole family trooped in to watch the performance.

Troop in : went / came into the room in group

That was really unsettling, but I fended off the taunts and jibes of the family good-humouredly and soon everybody got used to the idea.

Unsettle : upset

Fend off : defeat

However, my enthusiasm waned. The time I spent at exercises gradually diminished. Little by little the eleven minutes fell to zero. By January 10th, I was back to where I had started from.

Wane : diminish step by step

I argued that if I spent less time exhausting myself at exercises in the morning, I would keep my mind fresh for reading when I got home from work.

Argue : got a good excuse

Keep one’s mind fresh for doing sth.

Resisting the hypnotizing effect of television, I sat in my room for a few evenings with my eyes glued to book.

The temptation to do

One night, however, feeling cold and lonely, I went downstairs and sat in front of the television pretending to read. That proved to be my undoing, for I soon got back to my old bad habit of dozing off in front of the screen.

Slip back into our bad old ways / I was back to where I had started from / got back to my old bad habit

Dozing off : half sleep

--I soon got back to my old bad habit of nodding.

I still haven't given up my resolution to do more reading. In fact, I have just bought a book entitled How to Read a Thousand Words a Minute. Perhaps it will solve my problem, but I just haven't had time to read it!

a book entitled : a book which is entitled

Special difficulties 难点

Mentally 本质上，内心里 at heart / in the mind

Formidable : causing fear

Recur year in year out : occur again, appear year after year

beyond attainment : can not be attained / accomplished / achieved

Inveterate : deep rooted

Frustration : disappointment in one’s mind or the feeling that you get from you failure

Carry out = put into practice

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

1…正确答案：C   --I choose the job which I think is within my scope.   2…正确答案：A

3…正确答案：D   one’s effort to do sth. 干什么事所做出的努力

句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键

4…正确答案：D 5…正确答案：B   6…正确答案：C   7…正确答案：B

8…正确答案：A

Private 强调私人所有的 / solitary  宁静的、孤独的 he is leading a solitary life.

Intimate 亲密的

9…正确答案：C

meanwhile = at the same time   little by little = step by step   by all means 通过各种方式

just the same = in spite of this = still

10…正确答案：C gather around 聚集在...周围   march 行军而过  a flock of sheep 一群羊

11...正确答案：B

fade 褪色、凋零 The flower has already began to fade.  The color of the dress faded.

Run out 用完、用光 We run out of petrol. Evaporate 蒸发、消失，渐渐化为乌有

12…正确答案：B

新年是下决心的时候，至少在大多数人的心里会编排出一份“应做什么”和“不应做什么”的令人生畏的单子。相同的决心以单调的规律年复一年地出现。我们决心每天早晨起得早些；吃得少些；多花点时间与孩子们一起做游戏；做大量的家务；对不喜欢的人友善一些；小心驾车；每天都要带着狗散步；等等。以往的经验告诉我们有些事是办不到的。如果我们烟瘾大，戒不掉，那是因为屡戒屡败，失去信心。我们大多数人想自我完善却遭到失败，这是因为我们的规划过于宏大，而又根本没有时间去实施。我们还犯有一个根本性的错误，即把我们的决心向大家宣布。这样一旦滑回到那些老习惯上去，我们在别人的眼里会显得更加难堪。我深知这些问题，于是，今年我对自己的计划要严加保密，只给自己定下两项适中的任务；每天早上锻炼身体，每天晚上多看点书。新年除夕举办的一次通宵晚会，使我理直气壮地在新年头一天免去了这两项任务。不过，新年第二天，我全力以赴地照着去做了。 早锻炼一共只有11分钟，我打算在别人起床之前进行。这就要求我比平时早11分钟把自己从床上拽起来，这种自我约束是很艰苦的。不过开头两天我还是成功地蹑手蹑脚地来到楼下起居室，被谁也没发现。我在地毯上跳来蹦过去，扭曲身子，摆出各种姿势，弄得浑身不舒服，然后坐到桌边吃早饭，一副筋疲力尽的样子。正是这副模样泄露了我的秘密。第二天早晨全家人结队来到起居室看我表演。这真叫人不好意思，但我心平气和地顶住全家人的嘲笑和奚落。不久，大家对我习以为常了，而这时我的热情却减退了。我花在锻炼上的时间逐渐减少，慢慢地从11分钟减到了零。到了1月10日，我恢复了原来的作息时间。我辩解说，早晨少耗费精力锻炼，晚上下班回家看书时头脑更清醒些。有几天晚上，我极力摆脱了电视的诱惑，坐在自己的房间里，两眼盯在书上。可是，有一天夜里，我感到又冷又孤单，便来到楼下坐在电视机前假装看书。这下我可完了，因为不一会儿，我就恢复了以前的坏习惯，在屏幕前打起瞌睡来。但我还没有放弃多看些书的决心。事实上，我刚买来一本叫《一分钟读一千字的诀窍》的书。也许这本书能解决我的问题，但我一直还没时间去看这本书！