New words and expression 生词和短语

1. Express  n.快车；a..高速的

 

Express way 高速公路 /  Express train快车

Stopping/local train慢车

Special express特快 /  Through express 直快

 

2. Punctual  a. 准时的( = neither early nor late )

 

Be punctual in doing sth        在做。。。事方面相当准时

--In the modern society, we must be punctual in what we are doing .

Be punctual to the minute     非常的准时

--He is a man who is punctual to the minute. 

副词：Punctually

反义词：Unpunctual

名词：　Punctuality

 

3. Condition  vt.使习惯于(=Form a habit in)

 

--Society has conditioned each one of us.    这个社会已经使我们大家都适应了。

Be condition to

--Each one of us has been conditioned to society.

--the plants have been conditioned to the cold weather here.. ( plant 做主语)

--The cold weather has conditioned the plants here. (cold weather 做主语)

 

n. 条件

 

on condition that    在……条件下如果

on no condition      在任何情况下都不 (用在句首句子必须采用倒装)

--On no condition must you be late.   在任何情况下都不能迟到。

in good/bad condition情况良好(不好)

change one’s condition 结婚

in the interesting condition 怀孕=pregnant

 

4. unshakable    a. 不可动摇的

 

5. faith    n.信任=strong belief/trust 深信不疑，信仰，信心

 

keep faith with sb   对某人守信用

put one’s faith in sth      对……有信心

on the faith of       在……保证下，凭……信用

词汇比较：

faith   深信不疑，信仰(比belief 程度更重一些)

belief  可信赖，可接受

conviction坚定的信念

trust 相信，依赖

credit 完全相信

--I have full credit in your ability to do this job.

 

6. cancel  v.取消

 

--we have to cancel the appointment.

词汇比较：

Call off    取消，解除 (可以替换cancel)

Abolish  废除

--The law was abolished.

Rescind  撤销，废止,比abolish正式

Write off  注销，勾销

--Write off the name.    注销这个名字。

Cross out  划掉

--The word here is useless, please cross it out.

 

7. exceptionally    adv. 例外地

 

8. dislocate    v. 打乱(计划等)

 

9. blame   v. 责怪

 

10. consult    v.请教，查阅

 

11. direct      adv.径直地

 

12. odd          a.奇怪的，异常的

 

13 reflect     vt细想，深思熟虑=consider carefully

 

Reflect on sth

--He’s reflecting on his idea.

Reflect upon oneself     反省

--Sometimes we need reflect upon ourselves.

 

第二种意思： 反射

--She looks at herself reflected in the water.

 

14. Advantage     n.优势,长处  

 

Take advantage of sb       欺骗某人并利用

Take advantage of sth      利用某事

--We must take advantage of  what we can use.

 

Of great/no advantage to sb/sth           对。。。大有益处/毫无益处

--Smoking is of  no  advantage to you.

To advantage         更有效地

--You should use the money to advantage.

To one’s advantage =to the advantage of sb               对某人有利

Have advantage over sb         胜过某人，比某人有优势

词汇比较：

Interest 个人的利益，好处

--It’s to your  interest to give up smoking

Benefit通过正当手段谋求的好处

--Doing exercises will benefit us a lot.

Profit金钱上的获利

Good个人或集体的利益

 

15. mighty    a. 强大的，有力的

 

16. dawdle     v. 慢吞吞地动或做

 

17. chug        v.咔嚓咔嚓的响

 

18. Lodge   v.提出=make a statement officially ，比make 更正式

 

Make/lodge complaint    提出抱怨

 

19. complaint       v.抱怨

 

20. triumph         v.胜利

 

21. asterisk  n.星号

 

22. conduct    v.引导，指向

Text 课文

We have learnt to expect that trains will be punctual.

这是文章中的第一句话，大家一定要牢记它，并掌握这个句子的主干：

have learnt to expect that ……     已经习惯于期待……

--We have learnt to expect that all friends will be helpful in need of danger.

 

After years of conditioning, most of us have developed an unshakable faith in railway time-tables.

(1). 介词of 后接动名词形式，意为：经过多年的适应.

(2). Develop an unshakable faith in sth.        对于……形成了一种不可动摇的信念。

(3)全句译文：经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。

--We have learnt to expect that parents are quite able, after years of pre-conditioning all of us have developed such unshakable faith.               我们已经习惯于期待父母总是能干的，经过多年的适应，我们每个人都已经养成了这样一个不可动摇的信念。

--Most of us have developed an unshakable faith in our teachers.

 

On time = punctual       a. 准时的

 

Only an exceptionally heavy snow fall might temporarily dislocate railway services.

Exceptionally = unusual / uncommonly       不同寻常的，特别的(用于加强语气)

译文：只有那种特别大的暴风雪才有可能暂时打乱铁路计划。

Dislocate railway services = put railway services out of order

 

It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities when something does go wrong.

When something does go wrong.               当事情出现差错时

It is all too easy to blame the railway authorities.               我们总是去责备铁路当局。

Too .. to 结构中，在too之前出现了all, only, but, not等词时，to 后的从句就有肯定意义。

--He is but too eager to get home.               他太急于要回家了。

--One is never too old to learn.     活到老学到老。

--I’m all/but too glad to have someone to speak to.

 

They are more likely to be ours than theirs.

译文：很可能是我们自己犯下的错误而不是铁路当局的。

Ours = our mistakes.        Theirs = their mistakes.

句型：be likely to do     有可能…

--He is likely to arrive tomorrow evening.

--You are likely to get success if you work hard.

与likely(有可能的) 有关的句型：

1.       be likely to do

2.       It is likely that……

--It is likely that he arrives here in time.              他及到达这里是有可能的。

词汇比较：

1. probable 与likely 意思相通，但是不能与不定式形式搭配。可以用：It is probable that …

--It is probable that he arrives here in time.

probable 表示的可能性比possible 表示的可能性要大，与likely基本相同。

2.possible 表示可能发生或可能不发生，也可以用句型：It is possible that …

--It is possible/probable that he will speak to you.

--It is possible for us to finish the work in an hour.

 

After consulting my railway time-table

After consulting 是介词+动名词构成的时间状语，=after I had consulted my timetable.

 

Go direct from … to …              从哪儿径直到哪儿。

--The train goes direct from shanghai to Beijing.

 

At this time, this did not strike me as odd.

译文：这个时候，这件事情并没有让我感到惊讶。

Strike sb as           给某人以印象，使某人感到

--The activity struck me as wasting time.  这次活动给我的印象就是浪费时间。

As 后面可以接分词，名词，形容词。

 

I reflected that there must be a great many people besides myself who wished to take advantage of this excellent service.

I reflected :  我想

Besides me = in addition to me 除我之外

 

Hold up = hold back / hinder / prevent    妨碍，阻碍

 

It suddenly dawned on me that this express was not roaring down the line at ninety miles an hour, but barely chugging along at thirty.

Dawn on sb. = become gradually known by sb     渐渐的被某人所明白

Barely = only

 

But he had not even heard of it.

Hear of = hear about

 

Denied the train’s existence   否认存在

 

There was a note of triumph in my voice when I told him that it was there in black and white.

A note of = a tone        : 在我的声音里面存在着一种胜利的口吻。

In black and white               白纸黑字

 

A tiny asterisk conducted me to a footnote at the bottom of the page. It said:’ This service has been suspended.’

Conduct me to = lead me to

Suspend = delay           暂停

Multiple choice questions 多项选择

Comprehension 理解

1… 正确答案：B

by rail = by train

 

2… 正确答案：C

at the speed of       以…的速度

express train         特快列车

 

3… 答案正确：A

complain about; complain of    抱怨

注意句子：The train scheduled as an express train having in fact been a slow one.

Scheduled as an express train 修辞 the train，做它的后置定语。

Having in fact been a slow one 与train 构成独立主格结构。

 

句型结构题和词汇题是每课的关键

Structure 结构

4… 答案正确：B 

expect 的用法：

expect sth/sb to do    

 

5… 答案正确：C

注意：might 在 railway services 之前，是明显的倒装表示。

需采用倒装形式的几种情况：

A) only 所引导的状语从句用在句首，句子必须倒装。

B）if 条件句，如果if 省略，were 要前置。

--Were it to snow = If it were to snow.              这是虚拟语气条件句的用法。

 

6… 正确答案：A

in a mere hour and seventeen minutes         在1小时17分钟内

 

7… 正确答案：D

因为still, 所以答案为d.

如果选择a) before we had ,则应去掉 still to. 即：before we had covered half the distance.

 

8… 正确答案：C

十分有礼貌的表达方式，且与asked 形式呼应。

 

 

Vocabulary 词汇

9… 正确答案：D

held up = delay

halt               停止

retard     防止

slow up         减慢

 

10… 正确答案：D

as soon as I arrived = immediately on arrival

 

11... 正确答案：B

注意：主句中I 做主语

a选项，则noting 与主句中的主语 I 不相符合。

b选项，sounding 是现在分词做状语说明修辞I 的情况

 

12… 正确答案：A

take another look          再看一眼

review           复习

overlook        忽视，宽恕，检查，监督

我们已经习惯于相信火车总是准点的。经过多年的适应，大多数人对火车时刻表产生了一种不可动摇的信念。轮船船期可能因风暴而推延，飞机航班可能因恶劣天气 而取消，唯有火车必然是准点的。只有非同寻常的大雪才可能暂时打乱铁路运行。因此，一旦铁路上真出了问题，人们便不加思索地责备铁路当局。事实上，差错很 可能是我们自己，而不是铁路当局的。 我查看了列车时刻表，满意地了解到有一趟去威斯特海温的快车。这是趟直达车，旅途总共才需1小时17分钟。上车后，我不禁注意到许多当地人也上了车。一开 始，我并不感到奇怪，我想除我之外，想利用快车之便的也一定大有人在。火车开出几英里即在一个小站威德里停了下来。对此，我不觉得奇怪，因为即便是特别快 车也可能被信号拦住。但是，当火车一站接着一站往前蠕动时，我便产生了怀疑。我突然感到这趟快车并没以时速90英里的速度呼啸前进，而是卟哧卟哧地向前爬 行，时速仅30英里。1小时17分过去了，走了还不到一半路程。我问一位乘客，这是不是开往威斯特海温的那趟快车，他说从未听说过有这么一趟快车。我决定 到目的地就给铁路部门提意见。两小时后，我气呼呼地同威斯特海温站站长说起此事。他说根本没有这趟车。于是我借他本人的列车时刻表，我带着一种胜利者的调 子告诉他那趟车白纸黑字。明明白白印在时刻表上。他迅速地扫视了一眼，让我再看一遍。一个小小的星形符号把我的目光引到了那页底部一个说明上。上面写着： “此趟列车暂停运行。”