2024年中央和地方预算报告(中英对照）

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关于2023年中央和地方预算执行情况与2024年中央和地方预算草案的报告

REPORT ON THE EXECUTION OF THE CENTRAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS FOR 2023 AND ON THE DRAFT CENTRAL AND LOCAL BUDGETS FOR 2024

——2024年3月5日在第十四届全国人民代表大会第二次会议上

Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress of the People’s Republic of China

March 5, 2024

财政部

Ministry of Finance

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,

受国务院委托，现将2023年中央和地方预算执行情况与2024年中央和地方预算草案提请十四届全国人大二次会议审查，并请全国政协各位委员提出意见。

The Ministry of Finance has been entrusted by the State Council to submit this report on the execution of the central and local budgets for 2023 and on the draft central and local budgets for 2024 to the present Second Session of the 14th National People’s Congress (NPC) for your deliberation and for comments from members of the National Committee of the Chinese People’s Political Consultative Conference (CPPCC).

一、2023年中央和地方预算执行情况

I. Execution of the 2023 Central and Local Budgets

2023年是全面贯彻党的二十大精神的开局之年，也是三年新冠疫情防控转段后经济恢复发展的一年。在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，各地区各部门坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，严格执行十四届全国人大一次会议审查批准的预算，全面深化改革开放，加大宏观调控力度，着力扩大内需、优化结构、提振信心、防范化解风险，我国经济总体回升向好，高质量发展扎实推进，全面建设社会主义现代化国家迈出坚实步伐。中央和地方预算执行情况较好。

The year 2023 was the first year for fully implementing the guiding principles from the 20th National Congress of the Communist Party of China (CPC), as well as a year of economic recovery following three years of Covid-19 response. Under the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, all local authorities and government departments firmly followed the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era and fully applied the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee.

Acting on the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, we stayed true to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability and rigorously executed the budgets reviewed and approved at the First Session of the 14th NPC. We deepened reform and opening up across the board and intensified macro regulation, with the focus on expanding domestic demand, optimizing structures, boosting confidence, and preventing and defusing risks. As a result, China achieved overall economic recovery and growth, made solid progress in pursuing high-quality development, and took firm strides in building a modern socialist country in all respects. Execution of both the central and local budgets was satisfactory.

（一）2023年一般公共预算收支情况。

1. Revenue and expenditure in the general public budget in 2023

2023年预算执行过程中，经十四届全国人大常委会第六次会议审查批准，在四季度增发国债10000亿元，支持地方灾后恢复重建和提升防灾减灾救灾能力，其中2023年预算安排5000亿元，其余5000亿元结转2024年使用，相应对年初预算安排作了调整。

In the course of executing the budgets in 2023, as reviewed and approved at the Sixth Session of the Standing Committee of the 14th NPC, an additional 1 trillion yuan of government bonds was issued in the fourth quarter to support local governments in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and in boosting their capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief. Of this figure, 500 billion yuan was allocated in 2023, while the remaining 500 billion yuan has been carried forward to 2024, with a corresponding adjustment in the budget at the start of the year.

1．全国一般公共预算。

1) National general public budget

全国一般公共预算收入216784.37亿元，为预算的99.8%，比2022年增长6.4%。其中，税收收入181129.36亿元，增长8.7%；非税收入35655.01亿元，下降3.7%。加上从预算稳定调节基金、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算调入资金及使用结转结余16840.68亿元，收入总量为233625.05亿元。全国一般公共预算支出274573.81亿元，完成预算的98%，增长5.4%。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金2851.24亿元、结转下年资金5000亿元，支出总量为282425.05亿元。收支总量相抵，赤字48800亿元，与预算持平。

Revenue in the national general public budget was 21.678437 trillion yuan, representing 99.8% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 6.4% compared with 2022. Revenue included tax receipts of 18.112936 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.7%, and non-tax revenue of 3.565501 trillion yuan, a decrease of 3.7%. With the addition of 1.684068 trillion yuan of funds transferred from budget stabilization funds, budgets of government-managed funds, and budgets of state capital operations as well as utilized carryover and surplus funds, total revenue reached 23.362505 trillion yuan. Expenditure in the national general public budget was 27.457381 trillion yuan, representing 98% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 5.4%. With the addition of 285.124 billion yuan used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and the 500 billion yuan carried forward to 2024, total expenditure reached 28.242505 trillion yuan. Total expenditure exceeded total revenue, leaving a deficit of 4.88 trillion yuan, which is consistent with the figure projected.

2．中央一般公共预算。

2) Central general public budget

中央一般公共预算收入99565.82亿元，为预算的99.4%，增长4.9%。加上从中央预算稳定调节基金调入1500亿元，从中央政府性基金预算、中央国有资本经营预算调入6350亿元，收入总量为107415.82亿元。中央一般公共预算支出141164.58亿元，完成预算的98%，增长6.5%，其中，本级支出38219.39亿元，完成预算的100.9%，增长7.4%；对地方转移支付102945.19亿元，完成预算的97.5%，增长6.2%，主要是执行中部分中央预算内投资对地方转移支付转列中央本级支出以及一些据实结算项目支出低于预算。加上补充中央预算稳定调节基金2851.24亿元、结转下年资金5000亿元，支出总量为149015.82亿元。收支总量相抵，中央财政赤字41600亿元，与预算持平。

Revenue in the central government’s general public budget was 9.956582 trillion yuan, representing 99.4% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 4.9%. Adding in 150 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and 635 billion yuan from the budgets of central government-managed funds and central government state capital operations, total revenue came to 10.741582 trillion yuan. Expenditure in the central government’s general public budget totaled 14.116458 trillion yuan, representing 98% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 6.5%. This figure includes: central government expenditures of 3.821939 trillion yuan, representing 100.9% of the budgeted figure and a 7.4% increase; and transfer payments to local governments of 10.294519 trillion yuan, representing 97.5% of the budgeted figure and a 6.2% increase. This was mainly due to the fact that transfer payments to local governments from some central government budgetary investments were recategorized as central government expenditures during the execution of budgets and that actual expenditures on some items were lower than the budgeted amount. With the addition of 285.124 billion yuan contributed to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund and 500 billion yuan carried forward to 2024, total expenditure reached 14.901582 trillion yuan. Total expenditure exceeded total revenue, leaving a deficit of 4.16 trillion yuan, which is consistent with the figure projected.

从中央一般公共预算主要收入项目具体情况看，2023年经济回升向好为完成收入预算奠定了基础，同时受物价水平特别是工业生产者出厂价格指数低位运行、年中出台实施新的减税政策、有效需求不足等影响，主要税种收入预算完成情况存在差异。国内增值税34587.83亿元，为预算的103.9%，增长42.6%，主要是2022年实施大规模增值税留抵退税拉低基数。国内消费税16117.81亿元，为预算的95.5%，下降3.5%，主要是卷烟、成品油等行业消费税下降。企业所得税26409.15亿元，为预算的90.9%，下降5.2%，主要是企业利润下降。个人所得税8865.28亿元，为预算的90.4%，下降1%，主要是提高部分个人所得税专项附加扣除标准。证券交易印花税1800.6亿元，为预算的71.5%，下降34.7%，主要是年中出台实施减半征收证券交易印花税政策。关税2590.87亿元，为预算的88.9%，下降9.4%；进口货物增值税、消费税19484.82亿元，为预算的94.5%，下降2.6%，主要是大宗商品价格下行和货物进口下降。

Viewing from the main revenue items in the central government’s general public budget, the economic recovery and growth laid a solid foundation for meeting the revenue targets in 2023. However, owing to a low level of prices, particularly producer prices, newly-introduced tax reduction policies in the middle of 2023, and a lack of effective demand, revenues for the major tax categories were not in line with budgeted figures. Domestic value-added tax (VAT) revenue reached 3.458783 trillion yuan, representing 103.9% of the budgeted figure and a 42.6% increase. This surplus was primarily due to the low base we started from as a result of a large-scale VAT credit refund policy implemented in 2022. Domestic excise tax revenue was 1.611781 trillion yuan, representing 95.5% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 3.5%, which was caused primarily by decreases in excise tax revenue from cigarettes, refined oil products, and other items. Corporate income tax revenue was 2.640915 trillion yuan, representing 90.9% of the budgeted figure and a 5.2% decrease, mainly due to a fall in enterprise profits. Individual income tax revenue totaled 886.528 billion yuan, representing 90.4% of the budgeted figure and a 1% decrease. This discrepancy was mainly caused by an increase in some special additional deductions for individual income tax. Revenue from stamp duty on securities transactions was 180.06 billion yuan, representing 71.5% of the budgeted figure and a 34.7% decrease, due primarily to the introduction of a policy in the middle of 2023 to halve stamp duty on securities transactions. Revenue from customs duties totaled 259.087 billion yuan, representing 88.9% of the budgeted figure and a 9.4% decrease; and revenue from VAT and excise tax on imports came to 1.948482 trillion yuan, representing 94.5% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 2.6%, mainly due to lower prices for commodities and a decrease in imports.

从中央一般公共预算本级主要支出项目具体情况看，重点领域支出得到较好保障。外交支出570.31亿元，完成预算的104%。国防支出15536.78亿元，完成预算的100%。公共安全支出2245.58亿元，完成预算的107.5%。教育支出1570.81亿元，完成预算的101%。科学技术支出3371.18亿元，完成预算的102.8%。粮油物资储备支出1300.94亿元，完成预算的97.9%。债务付息支出6945.96亿元，完成预算的96.1%。

Viewing from the main expenditures in the central government’s general public budget, spending on major sectors was effectively guaranteed. Diplomatic spending totaled 57.031 billion yuan, 104% of the budgeted figure. National defense spending was 1.553678 trillion yuan, 100% of the budgeted figure. Public security expenses totaled 224.558 billion yuan, 107.5% of the budgeted figure. Spending on education came to 157.081 billion yuan, 101% of the budgeted figure. Spending on science and technology was 337.118 billion yuan, 102.8% of the budgeted figure. Spending on stockpiling grain, edible oils, and other materials was 130.094 billion yuan, 97.9% of the budgeted figure. Interest payments on debt amounted to 694.596 billion yuan, 96.1% of the budgeted figure.

中央对地方转移支付具体情况是：一般性转移支付85145.78亿元，完成预算的97.7%；专项转移支付8040.67亿元，完成预算的94.6%；一次性安排的支持基层落实减税降费和重点民生等专项转移支付4758.74亿元，完成预算的95.2%，主要是根据增值税留抵退税政策，据实结算的对地方补助资金低于预算；通过增发国债安排的灾后恢复重建和提升防灾减灾救灾能力补助资金5000亿元，地方正在加快使用。

The situation regarding central government transfer payments to local governments was as follows. General transfer payments totaled 8.514578 trillion yuan, 97.7% of the budgeted figure. Special transfer payments came to 804.067 billion yuan, 94.6% of the budgeted figure. One-time special transfer payments to support primary-level governments in implementing tax and fee cuts and ensuring key public wellbeing projects reached 475.874 billion yuan, 95.2% of the budgeted figure. This was mainly because subsidies allocated to local governments based on the actual expenditures in accordance with the VAT credit refund policy were lower than the budgeted amount; and local governments are moving faster to utilize the 500 billion yuan from the issuance of additional government bonds in subsidies for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and improvement of capacity for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

2023年中央一般公共预算收入总量超出年初预算0.82亿元以及当年支出结余2850.42亿元（含中央预备费500亿元，未安排使用，转入当年支出结余），全部补充中央预算稳定调节基金。加上中央政府性基金结转结余资金补充74.34亿元后，2023年末中央预算稳定调节基金余额3981.39亿元。

In 2023, a total of 82 million yuan of revenue exceeding the budgeted figure at the start of the year and 285.042 billion yuan of unspent funds (including 50 billion yuan of central government reserve funds that had not been used and was transferred to unspent funds in 2023) in the central general public budget were contributed in full to the Central Budget Stabilization Fund. Adding in 7.434 billion yuan of carryover and surplus funds from central government-managed funds, the Central Budget Stabilization Fund had a balance of 398.139 billion yuan at the end of 2023.

3．地方一般公共预算。

3) Local general public budget

地方一般公共预算收入220163.74亿元，其中，本级收入117218.55亿元，增长7.8%；中央对地方转移支付收入102945.19亿元。加上从地方预算稳定调节基金、政府性基金预算、国有资本经营预算调入资金及使用结转结余8990.68亿元，收入总量为229154.42亿元。地方一般公共预算支出236354.42亿元，增长5.1%。收支总量相抵，地方财政赤字7200亿元，与预算持平。

Revenue in the local general public budget was 22.016374 trillion yuan. This figure includes 11.721855 trillion yuan in local government revenue, an increase of 7.8%, and 10.294519 trillion yuan in transfer payments from the central government. With the addition of 899.068 billion yuan transferred from local budget stabilization funds, the budgets of local government-managed funds, and the budgets of local government state capital operations as well as utilized carryover and surplus funds, total revenue reached 22.915442 trillion yuan. Expenditures in the local general public budget totaled 23.635442 trillion yuan, a 5.1% increase. Total expenditure exceeded total revenue, creating a local government deficit of 720 billion yuan, which is consistent with the figure projected.

（二）2023年政府性基金预算收支情况。

2. Revenue and expenditure of government-managed funds in 2023

全国政府性基金预算收入70704.85亿元，为预算的90.5%，下降9.2%，主要是地方国有土地使用权出让收入下降13.2%。加上2022年结转收入7393.09亿元、地方政府发行专项债券筹集收入38000亿元，收入总量为116097.94亿元。全国政府性基金预算支出101338.59亿元，完成预算的85.9%，下降8.4%，主要是地方国有土地使用权出让收入下降相应减少支出安排。

Revenue of China’s government-managed funds in 2023 was 7.070485 trillion yuan, representing 90.5% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 9.2%, mainly due to a 13.2% decrease in proceeds from local government sales of state-owned land-use rights. Adding in 739.309 billion yuan carried over from 2022 and 3.8 trillion yuan raised by local governments through special-purpose bonds, total revenue amounted to 11.609794 trillion yuan. Expenditure of all government-managed funds amounted to 10.133859 trillion yuan, representing 85.9% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 8.4%. This was mainly due to the drop in proceeds from local government sales of state-owned land-use rights, which resulted in a corresponding reduction in expenditure.

中央政府性基金预算收入4417.54亿元，为预算的106.5%，增长7.1%。加上2022年结转收入，收入总量为11810.63亿元。中央政府性基金预算支出5744.42亿元，完成预算的96.7%，其中，本级支出4851.23亿元，对地方转移支付893.19亿元。调入中央一般公共预算5600亿元。中央政府性基金预算收大于支466.21亿元，其中，结转下年继续使用391.87亿元，按规定补充中央预算稳定调节基金74.34亿元。

Revenue of central government-managed funds was 441.754 billion yuan, representing 106.5% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 7.1%. Adding in the funds carried forward from 2022, total revenue came to 1.181063 trillion yuan. Expenditure of central government-managed funds amounted to 574.442 billion yuan, representing 96.7% of the budgeted figure. Broken down, this figure includes 485.123 billion yuan of central government spending and 89.319 billion yuan of transfer payments to local governments. Funds transferred from central government-managed funds to the central general public budget amounted to 560 billion yuan. Revenue of central government-managed funds exceeded expenditure by 46.621 billion yuan. Of this figure, 39.187 billion yuan was carried forward to 2024, while 7.434 billion yuan was used to replenish the Central Budget Stabilization Fund in accordance with regulations.

地方政府性基金预算本级收入66287.31亿元，下降10.1%，主要是国有土地使用权出让收入下降。加上中央政府性基金预算对地方转移支付收入893.19亿元、地方政府发行专项债券筹集收入38000亿元，收入总量为105180.5亿元。地方政府性基金预算支出96487.36亿元，下降8.2%，主要是国有土地使用权出让收入下降相应减少支出安排。

Revenue of local government-managed funds was 6.628731 trillion yuan, a decrease of 10.1%. This was due mainly to a drop in proceeds from the sale of state-owned land-use rights. Adding in transfer payments of 89.319 billion yuan from central government-managed funds and 3.8 trillion yuan raised by local governments through special-purpose bonds, total revenue came to 10.51805 trillion yuan. Expenditure of local government-managed funds totaled 9.648736 trillion yuan, a decrease of 8.2%. This reduction in expenditure was mainly in response to the drop in proceeds from the sale of state-owned land-use rights.

（三）2023年国有资本经营预算收支情况。

3. Revenue and expenditure of state capital operations in 2023

按照国有资本经营预算管理规定，国有资本经营预算收入主要根据国有企业上年实现净利润一定比例收取，同时按照收支平衡原则安排相关支出。

In accordance with relevant management regulations for the budgets of state capital operations, revenue from state capital operations is mostly collected as a certain proportion of the net profits of state-owned enterprises (SOEs) from the previous year, while expenditure is planned according to the principle of balance between expenditure and revenue.

全国国有资本经营预算收入6743.61亿元，为预算的125.9%，增长18.4%，主要是地方加大资产处置力度，一次性产权转让收入增加，地方国有资本经营预算收入增长较多。全国国有资本经营预算支出3345.22亿元，完成预算的96.4%，下降1.5%。

Revenue of state capital operations nationwide was 674.361 billion yuan, representing 125.9% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 18.4%. This surplus was mainly due to a sizeable increase in revenue of local government state capital operations as a result of local government’s intensified efforts to dispose of assets and a rise in revenue from one-off transfer of state assets. Expenditure totaled 334.522 billion yuan, representing 96.4% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 1.5%.

中央国有资本经营预算收入2263.59亿元，为预算的93.9%，下降3.4%。加上2022年结转收入88.92亿元，收入总量为2352.51亿元。中央国有资本经营预算支出1495.16亿元，完成预算的85.5%，下降12.6%，其中，本级支出1450.61亿元，对地方转移支付44.55亿元。调入中央一般公共预算750亿元。结转下年支出107.35亿元。

Revenue of central government state capital operations was 226.359 billion yuan, representing 93.9% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 3.4%. With the addition of 8.892 billion yuan carried over from 2022, total revenue was 235.251 billion yuan. Expenditure of central government state capital operations reached 149.516 billion yuan, representing 85.5% of the budgeted figure and a decrease of 12.6%. This included 145.061 billion yuan of central government spending and 4.455 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments. Funds allocated from the central government state capital operations budget to the central general public budget amounted to 75 billion yuan. A sum of 10.735 billion yuan of revenue from these operations has been carried over to 2024.

地方国有资本经营预算本级收入4480.02亿元，增长33.6%。加上中央国有资本经营预算对地方转移支付收入44.55亿元，收入总量为4524.57亿元。地方国有资本经营预算支出1894.61亿元，增长9.2%。调入地方一般公共预算2629.96亿元。

Revenue of local government state capital operations reached 448.002 billion yuan, an increase of 33.6%. Adding in 4.455 billion yuan in transfer payments from the central government state capital operations budget to local governments, total revenue was 452.457 billion yuan. Expenditure of local government state capital operations was 189.461 billion yuan, an increase of 9.2%. Funds allocated from the local government state capital operations budget to the local general public budget amounted to 262.996 billion yuan.

（四）2023年社会保险基金预算收支情况。

4. Revenue and expenditure of social insurance funds in 2023

全国社会保险基金预算收入111499.69亿元，为预算的102%，增长8.8%。其中，保险费收入81784.66亿元，增长9.1%；财政补贴收入24899.26亿元，增长8.5%。全国社会保险基金预算支出99281.29亿元，完成预算的101.3%，增长9.6%。当年收支结余12218.4亿元，年末滚存结余128782.72亿元。

Revenue of social insurance funds nationwide was 11.149969 trillion yuan, representing 102% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 8.8%. Revenue included 8.178466 trillion yuan in insurance premiums, a rise of 9.1%, and 2.489926 trillion yuan in government subsidies, an increase of 8.5%. Expenditure of social insurance funds nationwide totaled 9.928129 trillion yuan, representing 101.3% of the budgeted figure and an increase of 9.6%. The social insurance fund surplus for 2023 was 1.22184 trillion yuan, which was rolled over to make the year-end balance 12.878272 trillion yuan.

中央社会保险基金预算收入375.38亿元，为预算的73.9%；支出388.91亿元，完成预算的76.1%，主要是部分符合条件的单位转入在京中央国家机关事业单位基本养老保险范围进度慢于预期。实施企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹制度，地方上缴2715.8亿元，中央拨付2716.32亿元（缴拨差额0.52亿元，主要是上年度全国统筹调剂资金产生的利息）。考虑上述因素后，中央社会保险基金预算当年支大于收14.05亿元，年末滚存结余78.13亿元。

Revenue of the central government social insurance fund was 37.538 billion yuan, representing 73.9% of the budgeted figure. Expenditure of the central government social insurance fund was 38.891 billion yuan, representing 76.1% of the budgeted figure. This was mainly due to the fact that the process of transferring some qualified organizations to the basic old-age insurance system for employees of central Party and government bodies and public institutions in Beijing was slower than expected. Unified national management of enterprise employees’ basic old-age insurance funds was implemented, with 271.58 billion yuan turned in by local governments for central regulation and 271.632 billion yuan reallocated by the central government. The shortfall of 52 million yuan was mainly covered with interest income earned from centrally-regulated funds in 2022. Taking that into account, expenditure of the central government social insurance fund in 2023 exceeded revenue by 1.405 billion yuan, leaving a year-end balance of 7.813 billion yuan.

地方社会保险基金预算收入111124.31亿元，支出98892.38亿元。考虑上述缴拨差额0.52亿元后，当年收支结余12232.45亿元，年末滚存结余128704.59亿元。通过实施调剂，中西部地区和东北等老工业基地省份受益2716.32亿元。

Revenue and expenditure of local government social insurance funds reached 11.112431 trillion yuan and 9.889238 trillion yuan, respectively. Taking account of the above-mentioned shortfall of 52 million yuan, the year-end balance totaled 12.870459 trillion yuan after the surplus for 2023 of 1.223245 trillion yuan was rolled over. Provinces in the central and western regions and in the northeastern region and other regions where old industrial bases are located benefited from the allocation of these funds to the sum of 271.632 billion yuan.

2023年末，国债余额300325.5亿元，控制在全国人大批准的债务限额308608.35亿元以内；地方政府债务余额407372.93亿元，包括一般债务余额158687.48亿元、专项债务余额248685.45亿元，控制在全国人大批准的债务限额421674.3亿元以内。

At the end of 2023, outstanding central government debt was 30.03255 trillion yuan, which was within the NPC-approved budgeted limit of 30.860835 trillion yuan. Outstanding local government debt totaled 40.737293 trillion yuan, which included 15.868748 trillion yuan of general debt and 24.868545 trillion yuan of special debt. This figure was also within the NPC-approved budget limit of 42.16743 trillion yuan.

以上预算执行的具体情况及相关说明详见《中华人民共和国2023年全国预算执行情况2024年全国预算（草案）》。

（五）2023年主要财税政策落实和重点财政工作情况。

5. Implementation of the main fiscal and tax policies and other major fiscal work in 2023

2023年，财政部门认真贯彻党中央、国务院决策部署，按照预算法及其实施条例和《关于人大预算审查监督重点向支出预算和政策拓展的指导意见》，落实全国人大预算决议及审查意见要求，实施积极的财政政策，强化财政管理监督，把加强宏观调控、着力扩大内需、培育发展新动能、防范化解风险等结合起来，推动我国经济总体回升向好。

In 2023, finance departments conscientiously implemented the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, adhered to the Budget Law and its implementation regulations and the Guidelines on People’s Congresses Expanding the Focus of Budget Review and Oversight to Expenditure Budgets and Policies, and worked as required by the outcomes of the NPC’s deliberations and their comments on the budgets. Based on a proactive fiscal policy and enhanced fiscal management oversight, we combined efforts to strengthen macro regulation, expand domestic demand, foster new drivers of growth, and prevent and defuse risks, thus helping to promote overall economic recovery and growth.

加力提效实施积极的财政政策，推动经济回升向好。完善税费支持政策。在全面评估减税降费政策基础上，延续和优化实施部分阶段性税费优惠政策，着力支持经营主体纾困发展，包括延续实施减免小规模纳税人增值税、扩大享受减半征收个人所得税的个体工商户范围、对小微企业统一减半征收“六税两费”、减半征收物流企业大宗商品仓储用地城镇土地使用税等。及时研究出台新的减税政策，包括提高“一老一小”个人所得税专项附加扣除标准、减半征收证券交易印花税等。加强政策宣传，发布政策指引，增强政策实施效果。全年新增税费优惠超过2.2万亿元。积极扩投资促消费。新增地方政府专项债券额度3.8万亿元，将城中村改造、5G融合设施等纳入投向领域，将供热、供气等纳入用作项目资本金范围，鼓励和吸引社会资本参与，推动交通、水利、能源等利当前惠长远的重大项目建设。新增支持15个城市开展海绵城市建设示范。实施对生产、生活性服务业纳税人增值税加计抵减等政策，进一步促进服务业发展。优化新能源汽车车辆购置税减免政策，支持充换电基础设施建设运营，全年新能源汽车销量增长37.9%。新增支持10个城市实施国家综合货运枢纽补链强链，畅通物流网络。多措并举稳定就业。加大就业补助资金支持力度，延续实施降低失业保险、工伤保险费率以及稳岗返还等政策，将个人和小微企业创业担保贷款额度上限分别提高至30万元、400万元，支持实施百万就业见习岗位募集计划，遴选20个城市开展公共就业服务能力提升示范，鼓励企业吸纳就业，拓宽重点群体创业就业渠道。

    We enhanced the intensity and effectiveness of our proactive fiscal policy to facilitate recovery and growth of our economy.

Improving supporting policies through tax and fee cuts

Based on a comprehensive review of tax and fee reduction policies, we continued with and refined the implementation of some temporary preferential tax and fee policies, with a focus on helping market entities overcome difficulties and achieve growth. This included continuing to reduce or waive VAT for small-scale taxpayers, extending the policy of halving individual income tax to more self-employed individuals, halving “six taxes and two surcharges”* on all micro and small businesses, and halving urban land-use tax on the commodity storage facilities of logistics companies. Timely new tax reduction policies included increasing elderly care and childcare-related special additional deductions for individual income tax and halving stamp duty on securities transactions. We enhanced publicity for tax and fee reduction policies and issued relevant guidance to ensure more effective policy implementation. Additional tax and fee cuts exceeded 2.2 trillion yuan for the year.

Expanding investment and stimulating consumption

We approved an additional 3.8 trillion yuan of local government special-purpose bonds and put funds from the sale of these bonds to broader use, channeling them toward the renovation of urban villages and the development of integrated 5G facilities and using them as project capital for building heating and gas supply facilities. We both encouraged and attracted the participation of nongovernmental capital in advancing the development of major transportation, water conservancy, and energy projects with both short-term and long-term benefits. Another 15 demonstration cities received support to develop themselves into “sponge cities.” Policies on additional VAT deductions for the producer and consumer service industries were implemented to further promote development of the service sector. We refined the policy of reducing or exempting the purchase tax on new energy vehicles and supported the construction and operation of battery charging and swapping infrastructure. This contributed to a 37.9% increase in sales of new energy vehicles in 2023. To ensure smooth logistics flows, we supported an additional 10 cities in serving as national comprehensive freight hubs to shore up operation chains.

Adopting multiple measures to stabilize employment

We raised employment subsidies and continued to implement policies such as premium reductions for unemployment insurance and workers’ compensation as well as the refunding of premiums for enterprises to help them maintain stable employment. The ceiling on guarantee loans for business startups was raised to 300,000 yuan for individuals and to 4 million yuan for micro and small businesses. We also supported a plan to offer one million internships and selected 20 demonstration cities for building capacity to provide public employment services. Enterprises were encouraged to create jobs, and the channels through which key groups can start businesses or find jobs were expanded.

强化创新引领，促进经济结构优化升级。大力支持科技创新。中央本级基础研究支出增长6.6%，扩大基础研究项目经费包干制范围，支持科研人员开展前沿探索。足额保障关键核心技术攻关资金需求，支持实施一批科技重大项目，推动我国科技创新实现新的突破。设立面向全球的科学研究基金，支持扩大国际科技交流合作。推动制造业高质量发展。产业基础再造和制造业高质量发展专项资金增长20.3%，着力支持集成电路等关键产业发展。出台先进制造业企业增值税加计抵减政策，将符合条件的集成电路和工业母机企业研发费用税前加计扣除比例提高至120%，进一步降低相关重点产业链企业税负水平。将符合条件行业企业研发费用税前加计扣除比例由75%提高至100%，并作为制度性安排长期实施，引导企业加大研发投入。启动中小企业数字化转型城市试点，支持首批30个试点城市探索转型模式。持续实施专精特新中小企业财政奖补，引导培育1.2万家国家级专精特新“小巨人”企业和10.3万家省级专精特新企业。

    We strengthened the leading role of innovation to improve and upgrade the economic structure.

Supporting scientific and technological innovation

We increased central government expenditures on basic research by 6.6% and expanded application of the contract system for basic research project funding to support researchers in cutting-edge explorations. We ensured ample funding for research on core technologies in key fields and supported the launch of a number of major scientific and technological projects, with a view to facilitating new scientific and technological breakthroughs in China. We established global scientific research funds to expand science and technology exchanges and cooperation with other countries.

Promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing sector

Special funds for rebuilding industrial foundations and promoting high-quality development of the manufacturing sector were increased by 20.3%, with a focus on supporting the development of integrated circuits and other key sectors. We introduced a policy on additional VAT deductions for advanced manufacturing enterprises, raising the rate of additional pre-tax deductions for research and development (R&D) expenses to 120% for eligible manufacturers of integrated circuits and industrial machine tools. This move has further eased the tax burden on enterprises in key industrial chains. We raised the rate of additional pre-tax deductions for R&D expenses for eligible industries and enterprises from 75% to 100% and established relevant institutions for implementing this arrangement on a long-term basis, so as to encourage enterprises to increase R&D spending. We supported an initial batch of 30 cities in launching trials to explore models for the digital transformation of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). We continued to grant rewards and subsidies to SMEs that use special and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products, providing guidance for the development of 103,000 such enterprises at the provincial level and 12,000 such enterprises that are “little giants” at the national level.

加强民生保障，切实办好民生实事。强化基层“三保”保障。中央对地方转移支付规模超过10万亿元，加大对地方保基本民生、保工资、保运转支持力度。完善县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金管理，向“三保”保障压力较大、财力相对薄弱的地区倾斜。引导省级下沉财力，强化对财政困难市县的财力保障和资金调度。加强财政运行监测预警，全面摸排基层“三保”保障情况，督促地方落实“三保”主体责任。加大教育发展支持力度。从2023年春季学期起，小学、初中生均公用经费基准定额分别由650元提高到720元、由850元提高到940元，支持学校落实“双减”政策、提升课后服务水平。在6个省份开展基于专业大类的职业教育差异化生均拨款制度试点，向急需特需专业倾斜。支持启动数理化生国家高层次人才培养中心建设，加快中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科建设。延续实施阶段性免除家庭经济困难高校毕业生国家助学贷款利息并允许延期还本政策。大幅提高本专科生、研究生国家助学贷款额度上限。支持卫生健康事业发展。阶段性延长实施新冠患者救治等有关经费保障政策，促进新冠疫情防控平稳转段。城乡居民基本医疗保险人均财政补助标准提高到每人每年640元，基本公共卫生服务经费人均财政补助标准提高到每人每年89元。在15个地市开展第二批公立医院改革与高质量发展示范，深入推广三明医改经验。支持中医药事业传承创新发展，相关转移支付资金增长19.6%。提高社会保障水平。稳步实施企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹，全年统筹调剂资金超过2700亿元，有效解决地方当期基金缺口。企业和机关事业单位退休人员基本养老金水平总体上调3.8%，城乡居民基础养老金最低标准提高到每人每月103元，中央财政共下达补助资金10093亿元。落实个人养老金税收优惠，支持有序实施个人养老金制度。启动实施中央财政支持普惠托育服务发展示范项目，推动缓解入托难、入托贵问题。优抚对象等人员抚恤和生活补助标准总体提高5.7%，惠及835万人。支持改造城镇老旧小区5.37万个，897万户居民受益。推动文化事业发展。支持5万家博物馆、纪念馆、公共图书馆、美术馆等公共文化服务设施向社会免费开放。加大文物古籍和文化遗产保护利用传承力度。强化国家队备战和参赛经费保障，助力成功举办杭州亚运会、亚残运会和成都大运会。加强灾害防治和救助。及时应对洪涝、干旱、地震等灾情险情，启动救灾资金快速核拨机制，先预拨、后清算，支持华北、东北等受灾地区开展应急抢险救援、过渡期转移安置等受灾群众救助工作。分批下达增发国债资金，支持受灾地区灾后恢复重建，以海河、松花江流域等北方地区为重点的骨干防洪治理工程，重点自然灾害综合防治体系建设工程等。完善财政支持安全生产政策体系，提高危险化学品、尾矿库等重大安全风险防控能力。

    We worked even harder to safeguard people’s wellbeing and made concrete efforts for their benefit.

Better guaranteeing the three priorities at the local level

Central government transfer payments to local governments exceeded 10 trillion yuan, which ensured more robust support for guaranteeing the three priorities of people’s basic wellbeing, payment of salaries, and normal government functioning at the local level. To better manage rewards and subsidies under the mechanism for ensuring basic government funding at the county level, we tilted more funding toward areas that had difficulty in ensuring the three priorities due to inadequate financial resources. We provided guidance to provincial governments on channeling more financial resources to lower-level governments and increased fiscal guarantees and fund allocations to prefectures and counties with financial difficulties. We also stepped up monitoring and early warning efforts for fiscal operations in order to fully grasp how local governments guaranteed the three priorities and urge them to play a principal role in this regard.

Intensifying support for education

Beginning from the spring semester in 2023, the benchmark for public funding was raised from 650 yuan to 720 yuan per student in primary schools, and from 850 yuan to 940 yuan per student in junior high schools, with a view to supporting schools’ efforts to relieve students of excessive burdens from homework and off-campus tutoring and improve after-school services. In six provinces, we trialed an academic discipline-based system to provide differentiated funding to vocational schools on a per student basis, with funds tilted toward disciplines producing graduates for which there is an urgent and special need. We supported the building of national training centers for high-level talent in mathematics, physics, chemistry, and biology and sped up the development of world-class universities and leading disciplines with Chinese features. We continued the temporary policy of waiving interest payments on government-subsidized student loans to college graduates with financial difficulties and granted extensions on the principal repayments for these loans. The cap on government-subsidized loans to undergraduate and graduate students was raised by a significant margin.

Supporting healthcare development

We temporarily extended the policy on subsidizing Covid-19 treatment expenses and other relevant medical expenses to smooth the transition between different stages of Covid-19 response. Government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents were increased to 640 yuan per person per year, and government subsidies for basic public health services were raised to 89 yuan per person per year. We implemented a second batch of demonstration projects for the reform and high-quality development of public hospitals in 15 prefecture-level cities, promoting broader application of the experience gained from medical reform in Sanming, Fujian Province. To support the preservation and innovative development of traditional Chinese medicine, we increased relevant transfer payments by 19.6%.

Improving social security services

We made steady progress in bringing basic old-age insurance funds for enterprise employees under unified national management, collecting more than 270 billion yuan in 2023 to help localities in meeting shortfalls for the year. Basic pension benefits for retirees of enterprises, Party and government bodies, and public institutions registered an overall increase of 3.8%, and minimum basic pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents rose to 103 yuan per person per month, with the central government allocating a total of 1.0093 trillion yuan in subsidies. We provided tax breaks for private pensions and supported orderly implementation of private pension schemes. We launched demonstration projects for central government-subsidized public-interest childcare services, with the aim of providing easier and more affordable access to childcare services. Subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups were generally increased by 5.7%, benefiting 8.35 million people. We supported the renovation of 53,700 old residential communities in cities, benefiting 8.97 million households.

Promoting the development of cultural programs

We supported efforts to offer free admission to 50,000 public cultural service facilities, including museums, memorial halls, public libraries, and art galleries, and redoubled efforts to protect, utilize, and pass down our cultural relics, ancient books, and cultural heritage. We strengthened funding safeguards to support Team China’s preparations for and participation in major sporting events, and played our due role in the successful hosting of the Hangzhou Asian Games and Asian Para Games, as well as the Chengdu Universiade.

Strengthening disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief work

To ensure a timely response to natural disasters such as floods, droughts, and earthquakes, we launched a mechanism for rapid approval and allocation of disaster relief funds. By allocating funds first and settling accounts later, we supported disaster-struck areas in northern and northeastern China in aiding disaster victims through emergency rescue, disaster relief, and temporary relocations. Funds from the issuance of additional government bonds were allocated in batches. They supported post-disaster recovery and reconstruction in disaster-struck areas, key flood control projects in northern China such as the Haihe and Songhua river basins, and key projects for developing comprehensive natural disaster prevention and mitigation systems. We refined policies on fiscal support for workplace safety and enhanced the capacity to prevent and control major security risks related to hazardous chemicals and mine tailing sites.

支持做好“三农”工作，促进城乡区域协调发展。强化粮食稳产保供。出台高标准农田建设贷款贴息政策。支持新建和改造提升高标准农田8000万亩，发展高效节水灌溉1000万亩。坚持“以种适地”同“以地适种”相结合，启动盐碱地综合利用试点。完善最低收购价和生产者补贴政策，保障农民种粮收益。探索实施与作业量挂钩的农机购置与应用补贴政策，推动大型智能农机装备、丘陵山区适用小型机械等研发制造。实施新一轮糖料蔗良种良法技术推广补助，支持大豆和油料生产种植。将三大粮食作物完全成本保险和种植收入保险实施范围扩大到全国所有产粮大县，农业保险为1.65亿户次农户提供风险保障。应对农资价格上涨，下达资金100亿元向实际种粮农民发放一次性补贴。及时安排拨付资金防范应对小麦“烂场雨”、病虫害等，在秋粮生产关键期发放玉米大豆“一喷多促”一次性补助，助力增产丰收。全面推进乡村振兴。进一步增加中央财政衔接推进乡村振兴补助资金，优先用于联农带农富农产业发展，推动发展新型农村集体经济。支持新创建50个国家现代农业产业园、40个优势特色产业集群、200个农业产业强镇。完善全国农业信贷担保体系，累计支持超过398万个新型农业经营主体、担保金额超过1.3万亿元。实施农村公益事业建设财政奖补，在500个村开展红色美丽村庄建设试点，加强村级组织运转经费保障，强化乡村建设、完善乡村治理。促进区域协调发展。支持京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等区域重大战略实施。支持首都功能核心区央属文物腾退保护利用。建立煤炭生产激励约束机制，加大对主要煤炭调出省份转移支付力度。支持沿边临港产业园区建设，引导重点产业有序转移。推进海南自由贸易港建设，进一步扩大零关税商品范围。

    We provided support for initiatives concerning agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents and advanced coordinated development between urban and rural areas and between regions.

Ensuring stable grain production and supply

Interest-subsidized loans were introduced to promote the development of high-standard cropland. As a result of our support for construction and upgrading work, the area of high-standard cropland was increased by 5.33 million hectares, and 0.67 million hectares of cropland were brought under efficient water-saving irrigation. Trials were conducted to make comprehensive use of saline-alkali lands by both improving soil quality to enable the planting of more crops and planting crops that are suited to this particular soil. We improved the policies on minimum purchase prices and production subsidies to guarantee the incomes of grain producers. We explored ways to link subsidies for the purchase and use of agricultural machinery to the workloads of such machinery and supported the R&D and manufacturing of large intelligent agricultural machinery and small machinery suited to hilly and mountainous areas. We initiated a new round of subsidies to encourage the adoption of superior sugarcane varieties and better planting methods and supported soybean and oilseed crop production and planting. We worked to see that full-cost insurance and income insurance for the three main grain crops of rice, wheat, and corn were extended to cover all major grain-producing counties nationwide. Rural households were well protected from risks thanks to 165 million agricultural insurance policies. A total of 10 billion yuan in one-time subsidies were granted to grain-producing farmers to help them cope with a rise in the price of agricultural supplies. Funds were promptly disbursed to deal with continuous rainfall during the wheat harvesting season and to treat crop diseases and pests. During a critical period for autumn growing season, we provided one-time subsidies for the mixed use of agricultural chemicals to treat crop diseases and pests, thus ensuring good corn and soybean harvests.

Promoting rural revitalization on all fronts

We continued to increase the central government follow-up rural revitalization assistance fund, with priority given to supporting the development of industries that enable farmers to join together and work toward prosperity and the development of new types of rural collective economies. We supported the development of 50 national modern agriculture industrial parks, 40 clusters of leading agro-industries with unique advantages, and 200 towns with unique agro-industrial strengths. We refined the national agricultural credit guaranty system, providing guarantees for more than 1.3 trillion yuan in loans to support the financing needs of 3.98 million new agribusinesses. We granted government rewards and subsidies for the development of public-interest programs in rural areas and launched pilot projects to develop 500 beautiful villages with rich CPC heritage. We ensured village-level organizations have adequate funding to maintain normal functions and redoubled efforts to develop the countryside and improve rural governance.

Coordinating development between regions

We supported major regional strategies for the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development in the Yangtze River Delta, and the ecological conservation and high-quality development in the Yellow River basin. We facilitated efforts to vacate, return, preserve, and utilize cultural relics under central government management in Beijing’s core functional area for its role as the capital. We established incentive and constraint mechanisms for coal production and increased transfer payments to major coal-supplying provinces. We supported the development of industrial parks in border areas and around ports, steering the orderly relocation of key industries. We advanced the development of Hainan as a free trade port and further broadened the range of products subject to tariff exemptions.

推进生态文明建设，加快发展方式绿色转型。支持深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战，评估完善北方地区冬季清洁取暖补助政策，将12个城市纳入农村黑臭水体治理试点范围，加强土壤污染源头防控和风险管控，强化治污成效考核激励。加大流域横向生态补偿机制建设力度，引导新建黄河干流甘宁段、宁蒙段，长江干流湘鄂段、苏皖段、鄂赣段，以及永定河冀京段等流域省际补偿机制。新增支持河北白洋淀上游流域、吉林鸭绿江重要源流区、海南南部典型热带区域等7个山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程项目，“十四五”以来累计支持项目27个，全面覆盖“三区四带”国家生态安全屏障。支持开展国土绿化试点示范、历史遗留废弃矿山生态修复示范工程、海洋生态保护修复工程等项目，提升重要生态系统多样性、稳定性、持续性。

    We advanced ecological conservation and supported the faster transition to a green model of development.

To support the efforts to keep our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean, we assessed and refined subsidy policies to encourage the use of clean energy sources for winter heating in northern China, added 12 cities to the trial initiative to clean up black, malodorous water bodies in rural areas, stepped up the prevention and control of soil pollution at the source and the management of related risks, and strengthened performance assessments and incentives concerning pollution control. We redoubled efforts to develop trans-regional mechanisms for ecological compensation within a river basin and guided the establishment of inter-provincial compensation mechanisms in the Gansu-Ningxia and Ningxia-Inner Mongolia sections of the Yellow River’s primary waterways, the Hunan-Hubei, Jiangsu-Anhui, and Hubei-Jiangxi sections of the Yangtze River’s primary waterways, and the Hebei-Beijing section of the Yongding River. We provided support to 7 new projects for the integrated conservation and restoration of mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems. Three of these projects were carried out in the upper Baiyangdian Lake basin in Hebei Province, the major water source area of the Yalu River in Jilin Province, and the representative tropical area in southern Hainan Island. Since the initiation of the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025), we have provided support for a total of 27 such projects, covering all national ecological security shields including the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau ecological shield, the key Yellow River ecological zone, the key Yangtze River ecological zone, the northeast forest belt, the northern desertification-prevention belt, the southern mountainous belt, and the coastal zones. We also supported, among others, afforestation pilot and demonstration projects, demonstration projects for ecological restoration in abandoned mining areas, and projects for the protection and improvement of marine ecosystems, in an effort to enhance the diversity, stability, and sustainability of key ecosystems.

深化管理改革，提升财政治理效能。制定实施一揽子化解地方债务方案，出台支持防范化解地方政府债务风险政策措施，压实地方主体责任，健全跨部门协同监管机制，强化检查核查，严肃查处违法违规举债行为，公开通报问责典型案例。出台知识产权领域中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革方案，推进省以下财政体制改革，进一步完善国有资本经营预算制度。强化预算评审管理，加强教育、科技等重点领域绩效评价，开展中央部门预算管理、地方财政管理绩效考核。优化预算管理一体化系统，实现各级财政和预算单位全覆盖，涉及地方财政部门3000多个、预算单位60多万家，建成全国财政运行监测中心并常态化运行。修订政府财务报告编制办法与操作指南，编制2022年度中央政府综合财务报告。出台加强数据资产管理的指导意见，制定企业数据资源相关会计处理暂行规定。深化政策性金融机构等改革，完善国有金融资本管理体系。提请全国人大常委会审议2022年度国有资产管理情况综合报告、金融企业国有资产管理情况专项报告、财政文化资金分配和使用情况报告。落实党和国家机构改革部署，做好预算调整、经费保障、资产划转等工作。

We deepened management reforms to ensure more efficient fiscal governance.

We rolled out a package of plans for addressing local government debt and introduced supporting policies and measures to prevent and defuse local government debt risks. We took steps to strengthen accountability among local governments, improved the mechanism for cross-departmental coordinated oversight, and stepped up inspections, investigating all instances of borrowing in violation of laws and regulations and publicizing representative cases where officials had been held to account. We introduced reform plans for dividing fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments in the area of intellectual property rights, advanced reform of fiscal systems below the provincial level, and further improved the budget system for state capital operations. We strengthened budget assessments and management, stepped up performance evaluations in key fields such as education and science and technology, and began assessing the performance of central government departments in budget management and local governments in fiscal management. We refined the integrated budget management system, extending it to cover all fiscal departments and budgetary institutions at all levels, including more than 3,000 local fiscal departments and over 600,000 budgetary institutions. A center for monitoring fiscal operations nationwide was also established and put into regular operation. We revised regulations and operational guidelines for the preparation of government financial reports and compiled the central government’s comprehensive financial report for 2022. We introduced guidelines on strengthening data asset management and worked out provisional regulations on the accounting treatment of enterprise data resources. We furthered reform of policy-backed financial institutions and improved the state-owned financial capital management system. The following reports were submitted to the NPC Standing Committee for deliberation: a comprehensive report on the management of state-owned assets in 2022, a dedicated report on the management of state-owned assets in financial enterprises, and a report on the allocation and use of government funds for cultural development. In implementing the plan to reform Party and state institutions, we completed work concerning budgetary adjustments, spending support, and asset appropriation.

强化财会监督，进一步严肃财经纪律。完善财会监督顶层设计，全面贯彻进一步加强财会监督工作的意见，加强宣传解读、动员部署，推动地方和部门制定具体实施方案，抓好各项举措落实。开展财会监督专项行动、预算执行监督专项行动和重点民生资金专项整治行动，查处一批突出问题，督促整改到位，建立健全长效机制。加强对会计师事务所执业质量、资产评估机构执业质量和企业会计信息质量的监督，深入开展注册会计师行业、代理记账行业治理整顿，对违法违规行为依法作出处罚，公开通报、形成震慑。出台推进现代会计管理工作体系建设的指导意见，制定注册会计师行业诚信建设纲要，加强国有企业、上市公司选聘会计师事务所管理，印发会计人员职业道德规范，促进会计行业健康发展。

We intensified accounting oversight and tightened fiscal discipline.

Improvements were made to the top-level design for accounting oversight. To achieve full implementation of the guidelines on strengthening accounting oversight, we stepped up our communications and explanation work as well as mobilization and planning. We urged local governments and relevant departments to design detailed plans and effectively implement relevant measures. We also carried out dedicated initiatives to ensure effective accounting oversight, to supervise budget execution, and to review the use of key funds concerning the people’s wellbeing. We uncovered and dealt with a spate of prominent problems, saw that they were rectified, and put in place sound long-term mechanisms to prevent further problems. We stepped up efforts to oversee the performance of accounting firms and asset valuation companies and the quality of enterprise accounting information. We made intensified efforts to address problems in certified accounting businesses and bookkeeping agencies, punished practices in breach of laws and regulations in accordance with legal provisions, and published such cases to deter further violations. Guidelines were introduced to advance the development of a modern working system for accounting management. We drew up a general plan for fostering integrity and creditability in the certified accounting sector, strengthened management over the engagement of accounting firms by state-owned enterprises and listed companies, and published professional ethical standards for accounting practitioners. These efforts have contributed to the healthy development of the accounting sector.

总的看，2023年预算执行情况较好，财政改革发展工作取得新的进展，为我国经济社会持续健康发展提供了有力支撑。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导的结果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想科学指引的结果，是全国人大加强审查监督、全国政协积极建言献策的结果，是各地区各部门和全国各族人民共同努力的结果。

Overall, budget execution in 2023 was satisfactory. We made further progress in the reform and development of public finance and provided strong support to ensure sustained and sound economic and social development. We owe these achievements to the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core and to the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. They are the result of the strict review and oversight of the NPC, the suggestions and proposals offered by the CPPCC National Committee, and the concerted efforts of all local authorities, all government departments, and the people of all our nation’s ethnic groups.

同时，预算执行和财政工作中还存在一些困难和问题。主要是：受多重因素影响，一般公共预算收入增长乏力，地方土地出让收入持续回落，一些地方财政运行趋紧。预算管理存在薄弱环节，支出标准体系还不健全，部分预算编制不够细化，预算执行约束不够严格，绩效管理质效有待加强，财政资金使用效益还需进一步提升。一些地方政府债务管理制度落实不到位，有的专项债券项目管理和资金使用不尽规范。有的地方、部门和单位执行财经法律法规和制度不严，违反财经纪律行为屡禁不止，截留挪用财政资金、违规引税返税、财务造假等问题仍然存在。我们高度重视这些问题，将积极采取措施予以解决。

At the same time, there are still some difficulties and problems in budget execution and public finance work that have yet to be resolved. They are mainly as follows: Owing to multiple factors, revenue growth in the general public budget is sluggish, local government revenues from land sales continue to fall, and fiscal operations are becoming increasingly tight in some localities. There are also weak points in budget management. The expenditure standards system needs to be improved, some budget items are insufficiently specified, and budget execution constraints need to be tightened up. The quality and efficiency of performance management need to be improved, and government funds must be used more effectively. In some localities, the government debt management system has not been fully implemented, giving rise to irregularities in the management of projects financed by special-purpose bonds and in the use of funds. Some local governments, departments, and organizations have failed to rigorously enforce financial and economic laws, regulations, and systems, violations of fiscal discipline persist despite repeated prohibitions, and certain problems still persist, such as the retention and diversion of government funds, unauthorized tax leverage and refunds to increase revenue, and financial fraud. We take these problems very seriously and will proactively adopt measures to address them.

二、2024年中央和地方预算草案

II. Draft Central and Local Budgets for 2024

2024年是中华人民共和国成立75周年，是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年，做好预算编制和财政工作意义重大。要按照党中央、国务院决策部署，贯彻稳中求进、以进促稳、先立后破的要求，统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革，统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，统筹高质量发展和高水平安全，加大宏观调控力度，实施好积极的财政政策，巩固和增强经济回升向好态势，努力实现全年经济社会发展主要预期目标。

The year 2024 marks the 75th anniversary of the founding of the People’s Republic of China, and it is a crucial year for fulfilling the objectives and tasks set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan. This makes the compilation of this year’s budgets and public finance work all the more important. Acting in accordance with the decisions and plans of the CPC Central Committee and the State Council, we will pursue progress while ensuring stability, promote stability through progress, and work on the basis of establishing the new before discarding the old. We will take coordinated steps to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, advance new urbanization and promote full rural revitalization, and pursue high-quality development and ensure a high level of security. We will intensify macro regulation, pursue a proactive fiscal policy, and consolidate and strengthen the positive momentum of economic recovery, in a bid to achieve this year’s major objectives of economic and social development.

（一）2024年财政收支形势分析。

1. Analysis of the prospects for fiscal revenue and expenditure in 2024

当前和今后一个时期，我国发展面临的有利条件强于不利因素，经济回升向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有改变。同时，外部环境的复杂性、严峻性、不确定性上升，国内经济回升向好态势尚需巩固。从财政收入看，宏观调控政策效应持续释放，高质量发展扎实推进，为财政收入增长奠定了基础。同时，2022年制造业中小微企业缓税入库一次性垫高2023年基数，将相应下拉2024年财政收入增幅；2023年年中出台的一些减税降费政策对2024年产生翘尾减收，继续实施结构性减税降费政策也将减少财政收入规模。从财政支出看，国防、科技攻关、乡村振兴、生态环保等重点支出刚性增长；弥补养老、教育、医疗卫生等领域基本民生短板，财政需要继续加强保障；推动解决发展不平衡不充分问题，支持区域协调发展，兜牢基层“三保”底线，转移支付需保持一定力度。总体来看，2024年财政收支形势依然严峻，既要看清发展大势，始终坚定信心，又要把握环境变化，保持清醒头脑，坚定不移做好自己的事，为高质量发展提供坚实支撑。

At present and in the coming period, the conditions favorable to China’s development outweigh the unfavorable factors it faces, and the underlying trend toward economic recovery and long-term growth remains unchanged. At the same time, the external environment is becoming more complex, grave, and uncertain, and the positive momentum of our domestic economic recovery needs to be further consolidated.

From a fiscal revenue perspective, macro-regulatory policies continue to produce the intended effect, and solid strides have been made in pursuing high-quality development, thus laying the foundation for an increase in fiscal revenue. However, deferred tax payment by micro, small, and medium manufacturing enterprises for 2022 raised the base revenue figure for 2023 on a one-time basis, which in turn will lower the revenue growth rate for 2024. Some tax and fee reduction policies introduced in mid-2023 will continue to affect revenue growth in 2024, while the continued implementation of structural tax and fee cuts will also impact the scale of fiscal revenue.

From a fiscal expenditure perspective, we have obligatory commitments to spending increases in key areas such as national defense, technological advancement, rural revitalization, and environmental protection. We need to continue strengthening fiscal support to shore up weak areas in ensuring basic public wellbeing, such as elderly care, education, and healthcare. We also need to maintain a certain level of transfer payments to help address imbalances and inadequacies in development, support coordinated regional development, and ensure the people’s basic wellbeing, payment of salaries, and normal government functioning at the primary level.

On the whole, the prospects for fiscal revenue and expenditure in 2024 remain quite grave. Therefore, we must be clear about the overarching trends of development and always remain firm in our confidence. At the same time, we also need to identify changes in the environment, stay clear-headed, and remain committed to managing our own affairs well, so that we can provide firm support for high-quality development.

（二）2024年预算编制和财政工作的总体要求。

2. Overall requirements for the preparation of the 2024 budgets and public finance work

做好2024年预算编制和财政工作，要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，按照中央经济工作会议部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，积极的财政政策要适度加力、提质增效；落实好结构性减税降费政策，合理把握政策力度，重点支持科技创新和制造业发展；稳妥安排财政赤字和地方政府专项债券规模，持续发挥2023年增发国债资金作用，加大财政资金统筹力度，保持必要的支出强度，集中力量办大事，强化国家重大战略任务财力保障；完善预算安排和管理措施，强化绩效结果应用，大力优化支出结构，坚持党政机关过紧日子不动摇，严格控制一般性支出，合理安排中央对地方转移支付，兜牢基层“三保”底线，把财政资金用好、用在刀刃上，提高资金效益和政策效果；统筹把握财政收支政策，做好跨年度预算平衡；加强财政承受能力评估，持续抓好地方政府债务风险化解，促进财政健康平稳可持续运行，持续推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业提供有力保障。

In order to ensure that preparation of the 2024 budgets and public finance work are effective, we must do the following:

    Uphold the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, take Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era as our guide, fully implement the guiding principles from the 20th CPC National Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, and act in line with the plans made at the Central Economic Work Conference

    Adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, work faster to foster a new pattern of development, and pursue high-quality development

    Enhance the intensity of our proactive fiscal policy as appropriate and improve its quality and effectiveness

    Implement structural tax and fee reduction policies with the appropriate degree of intensity and a focus on supporting scientific and technological innovation and the development of the manufacturing sector

    Make prudent arrangements for the government deficit and local government special-purpose bonds, effectively utilize the funds from additional government bonds issued in 2023, strengthen the coordination of government funds, and maintain the necessary level of spending to pool resources for major undertakings and strengthen fiscal guarantees for major strategic tasks of the country

    Improve budgetary arrangements and management measures, better utilize performance evaluation outcomes, make every effort to optimize the spending structure, ensure that Party and government bodies keep their belts tightened and strictly control general expenditures, arrange for an appropriate level of transfer payments from the central government to local governments to guarantee funding for the three priorities at the primary level, see that every cent is used where it is needed most and to the best effect, and improve the performance of government funds and the effect of policies

    Coordinate revenue and expenditure policies to balance budgets across fiscal years

    Intensify assessments of fiscal capacity, continue working to defuse local government debt risks, facilitate sound, steady, and sustainable fiscal operations, and steadily enhance the quality of our economy and appropriately expand its size to provide a strong guarantee for building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

2024年积极的财政政策要“适度加力”，主要是用好财政政策空间，加强财政资源统筹，组合使用赤字、专项债、超长期特别国债、税费优惠、财政补助等多种政策工具，保持适当支出规模，促进经济持续回升向好。优化政策工具组合，加大财政支出强度。新增地方政府专项债务限额39000亿元，比上年增加1000亿元，支持地方加大重点领域补短板力度。发行10000亿元超长期特别国债，不计入赤字，专项用于国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设。赤字率按3%安排，全国财政赤字规模40600亿元，比上年年初预算增加1800亿元，其中，中央财政赤字33400亿元，地方财政赤字7200亿元。中央预算内投资安排7000亿元，比上年增加200亿元，优化结构、提高效能。同时，2023年增发国债资金中，大部分资金结转2024年使用。用好这些政策和资金，发挥引导带动作用，能够为高质量发展提供有力支撑。优化对地方转移支付，加强地方财力保障。中央对地方转移支付保持一定规模，安排102037亿元，剔除上年和今年一次性因素后同口径增长4.1%。其中，安排均衡性转移支付25744亿元、增长8.8%，安排县级基本财力保障机制奖补资金4462亿元、增长8.6%。结合推进省以下财政体制改革，优化省以下财力分布，推动财力下沉，增强地方高质量发展能力。优化税费政策，提高针对性有效性。统筹宏观调控、财政可持续和优化税制的需要，落实好结构性减税降费政策，重点支持科技创新和制造业发展。继续规范非税收入管理，严禁乱收费、乱罚款、乱摊派。

In 2024, we will appropriately increase the intensity of our proactive fiscal policy. We will leverage fiscal policy space and strengthen the coordination of fiscal resources. We will combine the use of various policy instruments including deficits, special-purpose bonds, ultra long-term special government bonds, preferential tax and fee policies, and government subsidies and maintain an appropriate level of spending, thereby sustaining economic recovery.

We will optimize the mix of policy instruments and increase fiscal spending intensity. This year, a ceiling of 3.9 trillion yuan will be set on new local government special debts, an increase of 100 billion yuan over last year. This arrangement is intended to help local governments shore up weaknesses in key areas. A total of 1 trillion yuan of ultra long-term special government bonds will be issued. These bonds will not be included in the deficit and will be used for implementing major national strategies and building security capacity in key areas. We have set the deficit-to-GDP ratio for the year at 3%, and the government deficit is projected to be 4.06 trillion yuan, an increase of 180 billion yuan compared with the figure projected at the beginning of last year. This year’s deficit consists of a central government deficit of 3.34 trillion yuan and a local government deficit of 720 billion yuan. The central government budget includes 700 billion yuan for investment, an increase of 20 billion yuan over last year. We will strive to improve the mix and performance of government investment. The majority of funds from additional government bonds issued in 2023 have been carried forward to 2024. We will make good use of the abovementioned policies and funds, fully harnessing their guiding and stimulatory role so as to provide strong support for high-quality development.

We will refine transfer payments to local governments to ramp up fiscal support for them. Transfer payments from the central government to local governments will be set at 10.2037 trillion yuan, an appropriate level that represents an increase of 4.1% over the actual figure for 2023 after deducting one-time special transfer payments over last year and this year. Of this amount, transfer payments for ensuring equal access to basic public services will reach 2.5744 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.8%, and transfer payments in the form of rewards and subsidies under the mechanism for ensuring basic funding for county-level governments will come to 446.2 billion yuan, an increase of 8.6%. Working in line with the reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level, we will optimize fiscal distribution at and below the provincial level and channel more fiscal resources to lower-level governments to boost local capacity for high-quality development.

We will improve tax and fee policies to make them more targeted and effective. Taking into consideration the need for macro regulation, fiscal sustainability, and taxation optimization, we will fully implement policies on structural tax and fee reductions with priority on supporting scientific and technological innovation and the manufacturing sector. To continue standardizing the management of non-tax revenues, we will strictly prohibit the arbitrary imposition of fees, fines, and charges in any form.

2024年积极的财政政策要“提质增效”，主要是推进财政管理法治化、科学化、规范化，把同样的钱花出更大的成效，加强财政政策与其他政策协调联动，着力提升促进高质量发展的效果。落实党政机关要习惯过紧日子的要求，严控一般性支出，可以省的钱一定要省，不该花的钱一分都不能乱花，坚决防止大手大脚花钱、铺张浪费。优化财政支出结构，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障，既用好有限的增量资金，更下大力气盘活、调整存量，将使用效果不好的资金腾出来用于保重点。加强绩效管理，完善预算编制有目标、预算执行有监控、预算完成有评价、评价结果有反馈、反馈结果有应用的全过程管理机制，强化信息技术支撑，持续提升财政资源配置效率和资金使用效益。严肃财经纪律，严格执行各项财经法律法规和制度，强化制度执行力，坚决查处各类违法违规行为，推动积极的财政政策落地见效。增强财政可持续性，坚持尽力而为、量力而行，深入开展财政承受能力评估，有效应对风险隐患，确保财政运行平稳。强化政策协同发力，加强财政政策与货币、就业、产业、区域、科技、环保等政策协调配合，增强宏观政策取向一致性，做好政策解读和预期引导，放大政策组合效应。

In 2024, we will enhance the quality and effectiveness of our proactive fiscal policy. We will make sure that fiscal management is based on the rule of law, sound practices, and standard procedures. We will work to obtain the best return on the money we spend and better coordinate our fiscal policy with other policies so as to deliver better results in promoting high-quality development.

We will see to it that Party and government bodies get used to keeping their belts tightened. General expenditures will be strictly controlled, with savings being made wherever possible and not one cent being spent inappropriately. Any wasteful and excessive spending will be prevented.

We will improve the structure of government spending. We will strengthen fiscal guarantees for the country’s major strategic tasks and people’s basic wellbeing. While employing limited new funds to good effect, we will devote greater energy to adjusting spending to make good use of existing funds. Funds that fail to achieve desired results will be diverted to areas of crucial importance.

We will strengthen performance-based management. We will improve the whole-process budget management mechanism to ensure that budgets are compiled with specific objectives, their implementation is subject to oversight, assessments are conducted on their completion, assessment results are fed back to relevant departments, and feedback is put into practice. We will strengthen the application of information technologies to keep improving the efficiency of fiscal resource allocation and the performance of government funds.

We will tighten fiscal discipline. We will strictly enforce all fiscal laws, regulations, and systems, bolstering institution-based enforcement and resolutely investigating and punishing all violations of laws and regulations. This will help ensure that our proactive fiscal policy is fully implemented and delivers intended outcomes.

We will enhance fiscal sustainability. In line with the principle of doing everything possible within our means, we will conduct fiscal capacity assessments and take effective steps to deal with risks and potential problems so as to ensure stable fiscal operations.

We will strengthen coordination of policies to achieve better results. We will coordinate our fiscal policy with monetary, employment, industrial, regional, science and technology, environmental protection, and other policies, better align our macro policies, and make effective efforts to interpret our policies and guide public expectations, so that these policies work together to achieve greater synergy.

（三）2024年主要收支政策。

3. Main revenue and expenditure policies for 2024

1．支持加快现代化产业体系建设。大力推进新型工业化，提高产业核心竞争力，统筹推进传统产业升级、新兴产业壮大、未来产业培育，因地制宜发展新质生产力，塑造发展新动能新优势。

1) Supporting the modernization of the industrial system

A major push will be made to advance new industrialization and enhance the core competitiveness of industry. We will coordinate efforts to upgrade traditional industries, develop emerging industries, and cultivate future-oriented industries, while at the same time fostering new quality productive forces in line with local conditions, in a bid to create new growth drivers and new strengths.

推进产业结构优化升级。中央财政产业基础再造和制造业高质量发展专项资金安排104亿元，支持加快突破基础产品、核心技术等短板，增强产业链供应链韧性和竞争力。加强制造业领域重点研发计划、重大专项等保障，推动解决产业关键共性技术难题。强化对制造业企业技术改造的资金支持，落实技术改造相关投资税收优惠政策，推进传统产业高端化、智能化、绿色化转型，支持打造生物制造、商业航天、低空经济等新增长引擎，积极培育新兴产业和未来产业。深入实施首台（套）重大技术装备和首批次重点新材料应用保险补偿政策，促进重点产品创新应用。优化产业投资基金功能，鼓励发展创业投资、股权投资，充分运用市场化手段，支持集成电路、人工智能、新一代信息技术等产业加快发展。

We will work to improve and upgrade the industrial structure. The central government will allocate 10.4 billion yuan in special funds to rebuild industrial foundations and promote high-quality development of the manufacturing sector. These funds will facilitate efforts to address areas of weakness related to basic products and core technologies, and increase the resilience and competitiveness of our industrial and supply chains. We will provide stronger guarantees for major R&D plans and major development programs in the manufacturing sector so as to help address challenges in the development of key generic technologies. We will ramp up financial support for technological upgrading of manufacturing enterprises, and implement preferential tax policies for relevant investment. By doing so, we will work to make traditional industries higher-end, smarter, and more eco-friendly, support the cultivation of new growth engines such as biomanufacturing, commercial space industry, and the low-altitude economy, and foster emerging industries and future-oriented industries. We will deepen implementation of the compensation policy for insuring the initial application of newly-developed technological equipment and new materials so as to boost both innovation and application when it comes to key products. We will improve the functions of industry investment funds, encourage venture capital investment and equity investment, and make full use of market-based measures to support faster development in industries such as integrated circuits, artificial intelligence, and next-generation information technology.

加大企业创新发展支持力度。落实研发费用税前加计扣除、科技成果转化税收减免等政策，支持企业更多参与国家重大科技项目，强化企业科技创新主体地位。实施科技创新专项担保计划，加大国家融资担保基金对科技型中小企业风险分担和补偿力度，引导金融机构为高新技术企业提供低成本信贷支持。继续实施专精特新中小企业财政支持政策，深入开展中小企业数字化转型城市试点，促进数字技术和实体经济深度融合。推进国资国企改革，优化国有资本经营预算支出结构，支持国有企业高质量发展。

We will strengthen support for the innovation-driven development of enterprises. Policies, such as extra pre-tax deductions on R&D costs and tax relief for the application of scientific and technological advances, will be implemented to encourage fuller participation of enterprises in national major scientific and technological projects and reinforce the principal role of enterprises in scientific and technological innovation. We will launch a special program to provide guarantees for scientific and technological innovation, see that the National Financing Guarantee Fund plays a stronger role in risk sharing and compensation for small and medium sci-tech enterprises, and provide guidance to financial institutions on offering low-cost credit support to high-tech enterprises. We will continue to implement fiscal policies in support of SMEs that apply special and sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products, designate more pilot cities for digital transformation of SMEs, and promote in-depth integration of digital technology into the real economy. To advance the reform of state-owned capital and SOEs, we will improve the structure of budgetary expenditures for state capital operations and provide support for SOEs in pursuing high-quality development.

2．支持深入实施科教兴国战略。加强教育、科技投入保障，推进教育强国、科技强国建设，为全面建设社会主义现代化国家提供基础性、战略性支撑。

2) Supporting the implementation of the strategy of invigorating China through science and education

We will guarantee investment in education, science, and technology and continue striving to build China’s strength in education, science, and technology, thus providing foundational and strategic support for building a modern socialist country in all respects.

支持加快建设高质量教育体系。落实“一个一般不低于，两个只增不减”要求，健全财政教育投入机制。中央本级教育支出安排1649亿元、增长5%。强化义务教育经费保障，深入推进义务教育薄弱环节改善与能力提升，优化区域教育资源配置，加快义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化，支持农村寄宿制学校改善办学条件。多渠道增加普惠性学前教育资源，推进学前教育普及普惠安全优质发展。中央财政补助资金安排120亿元，支持改善县域普通高中基本办学条件。研究建立基于专业大类的职业教育差异化生均拨款制度，增强职业教育适应性，现代职业教育质量提升计划资金安排313亿元。倾斜支持高水平研究型大学改革发展，加快中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科建设。中央财政安排相关转移支付404亿元，支持地方高校特别是中西部地区高校改革发展。支持加强教师队伍建设。学生资助补助经费安排723亿元，减轻困难家庭教育负担。支持民族地区加快教育发展。

We will support accelerated efforts to build a high-quality education system. We are committed to ensuring that government spending on education is generally no lower than 4% of GDP and that education spending and average education expenditure per student in the general public budget increase from year to year and are not subject to cutbacks. In line with this commitment, we will improve the mechanism for government spending on education. Central government expenditure on education will reach 164.9 billion yuan, an increase of 5%. We will strengthen the funding guarantees for compulsory education in a continued effort to address weak areas and boost capacities, improve the allocation of educational resources across regions, and accelerate high-quality, balanced development and urban-rural integration in compulsory education. We will help improve conditions in boarding schools in rural areas. Leveraging a variety of channels, we will work to increase the resources for public-benefit preschool education, promoting its safe, high-quality development and making it accessible to all. A total of 12 billion yuan in central government subsidies will be earmarked for improving conditions in regular senior secondary schools at the county level. We will look into establishing an academic discipline-based system to provide differentiated funding to vocational schools on a per student basis, and make vocational education more adaptable. A total of 31.3 billion yuan will be allocated for initiatives designed to improve the quality of modern vocational education. We will ramp up efforts to develop world-class universities and leading disciplines with Chinese features, with support weighted toward the reform and development of advanced-level research universities. The central government will allocate 40.4 billion yuan in transfer payments to support the reform and development of local universities, especially those in the central and western regions. We will support efforts to strengthen the teacher workforce. To help ease the education burden on families in difficulty, a total of 72.3 billion yuan will be allocated for student financial aid. We will also help areas with large ethnic minority populations accelerate their education development.

推动高水平科技自立自强。加大多元化科技投入，深化财政科技经费分配使用机制改革，全面提升科技自主创新能力。中央本级科技支出安排3708亿元、增长10%，重点向基础研究、应用基础研究、国家战略科技任务聚焦。完善竞争性支持和稳定支持相结合的基础研究投入机制，持续增加基础研究财政投入，中央本级基础研究支出安排980亿元、增长13.1%。瞄准国家重大战略需求和产业发展需要，健全关键核心技术攻关新型举国体制，支持实施国家科技重大项目，推动国家科研机构、高水平研究型大学、科技领军企业等国家战略科技力量合力攻坚，提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。支持全方位培养、引进、用好科技人才，加强对青年科技人才的支持，赋予科技领军人才更大的人财物支配权。强化央地协调联动，引导地方探索差异化创新发展路径，建设各具特色的区域创新高地。推动科技馆免费开放和全民科学素质行动实施，加强国家科普能力建设。

We will work to build China’s self-reliance and strength in science and technology. We will increase investment in science and technology through diverse channels and advance reform of the mechanisms for allocating and using government research funds, in a bid to boost China’s capacity for innovation across the board. The central government will allocate 370.8 billion yuan for science and technology, an increase of 10%, with a focus on basic research, applied basic research, and national strategic tasks in science and technology. We will improve investment mechanisms for basic research, which are designed to provide support on both a competitive and an ongoing basis, in order to continue boosting government investment in this area. The central government will allocate 98 billion yuan for basic research, an increase of 13.1%. Focused on meeting the country’s major strategic needs and the demands of industrial development, we will refine the new system for mobilizing resources nationwide to make breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, facilitate the launch of major national science and technology projects, and encourage cooperation among national research institutes, advanced-level research universities, and leading high-tech enterprises to achieve breakthroughs, so as to promote the industrial application of scientific and technological advances. We will support efforts to train, recruit, and make the best use of talent in all sectors, enhance support for young scientists, and empower scientific and technological leaders by placing more human, financial, and material resources at their disposal. Based on enhancing coordination between the central and local governments, we will guide local governments in exploring diverse approaches to innovation-driven development and building regional innovation hubs with distinctive features. We will work with science and technology museums to offer free admission to the public and promote the implementation of the Nationwide Scientific Literacy Action Plan, which aims to boost the scientific knowledge of the general public.

3．支持扩大国内需求。发挥超大规模市场和强大生产能力的优势，激发有潜能的消费，扩大有效益的投资，增强内需对经济增长拉动作用。

3) Supporting the expansion of domestic demand

Harnessing the advantages of our super-sized market and strong production capacity, we will stimulate consumer spending potential and increase effective investment to see domestic demand gaining a larger role in driving economic growth.

促进全国统一大市场建设。维护统一的公平竞争制度，在财政补助、税费优惠、政府采购等方面对国有企业、民营企业、外资企业等各类经营主体一视同仁、平等对待，创造良好发展环境。健全防范化解拖欠企业账款长效机制。建立完善涉企优惠政策目录清单并及时向社会公开，坚决遏制地方招商引资中违规引税返税等恶性竞争行为，着力破除各种形式的地方保护和市场分割。支持发展多式联运，完善现代商贸流通体系，推动降低全社会物流成本。

We will facilitate the development of a unified domestic market. In an effort to uphold the unified system for ensuring fair competition, we will ensure that all market entities, such as SOEs, private enterprises, and foreign-funded enterprises, are treated as equals when it comes to government subsidies, tax and fee breaks, and government procurement, thus creating a favorable environment for their development. We will improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and resolving payment arrears to enterprises. We will refine the catalog of preferential policies for businesses and make it available to the public as soon as possible. We will resolutely put a stop to harmful competitive practices used by local governments to attract investment, such as unauthorized tax leverage and refunds. More efforts will be made to break local protectionism and market barriers. We will support the development of multimodal transportation and a refined modern system for the distribution of goods, so as to help cut logistics costs across the board.

促进消费稳定增长。发挥社会保障、转移支付等调节作用，改善居民消费能力和预期。围绕居民消费升级方向，研究鼓励和引导消费的财税政策，推动消费品以旧换新，培育壮大文化、旅游、教育、健康、养老等领域新的消费增长点。统筹现有资金渠道，支持完善消费相关基础设施，继续实施县域商业建设行动、国家综合货运枢纽补链强链等项目，提升消费服务保障水平。

We will promote steady growth in consumption. Giving play to the regulating role of social security and transfer payments, we will work to increase the spending power of consumers and improve their expectations. In line with the trends of consumption upgrading, we will work out fiscal and tax policies to encourage and guide consumer spending, promote trade-in of consumer goods, and foster new areas of consumption growth related to culture, tourism, education, health, and elderly care. Making coordinated use of existing funding channels, we will support improvements to consumption-related infrastructure and advance the development of county-level commercial systems, as well as efforts to shore up the operation chains of national comprehensive freight hubs, so as to improve consumer services.

带动扩大有效投资。政府投资重点支持科技创新、新型基础设施、节能减排降碳，加强民生等经济社会薄弱领域补短板，推进防洪排涝抗灾基础设施建设，推动各类生产设备、服务设备更新和技术改造，加快实施“十四五”规划重大工程项目。合理扩大专项债券投向领域和用作项目资本金范围，保障在建项目后续融资，额度分配向项目准备充分、投资效率较高的地区倾斜，强化投向领域负面清单管理，严格把好项目融资收益平衡关，推动做好项目储备和前期准备。加强2023年增发国债结转资金和2024年超长期特别国债资金使用管理，强化资金分配、下达、使用等情况监管，推动资金尽快落实到项目，尽早形成实物工作量。

We will drive and expand effective investment. Government investment will be focused on supporting scientific and technological innovation, construction of new types of infrastructure, energy conservation, and reduction of greenhouse gas and carbon emissions. We will work to address weak links in ensuring people’s wellbeing and other areas of economic and social development, and advance the construction of infrastructure for flood prevention, drainage, and natural disaster relief. We will promote the upgrading and technological transformation of various types of production equipment and service equipment, and accelerate the implementation of major projects set out in the 14th Five-Year Plan. We will appropriately extend the list of areas to which funds from sales of special-purpose bonds can be channeled as well as the scope for using such funds as project capital. We will work to ensure follow-up financing for ongoing projects and weigh funds toward regions where projects are well prepared and investments are made efficiently. We will improve the management of negative lists in areas receiving investment and ensure financing is compatible with projected returns. We will urge localities to establish sufficient reserves of projects and make adequate preparation. We will strengthen management over the use of carryover funds raised from the issuance of additional government bonds in 2023 and funds from ultra long-term special government bonds in 2024 and enhance oversight over the distribution, release, and use of funds, making sure that funds are allocated directly to projects and construction gets off the ground as soon as possible.

巩固外贸外资基本盘。推动扩大面向全球的高标准自由贸易区网络，支持地方和企业用好各类自由贸易协定，拓展对外贸易新空间。适当降低先进技术设备和资源品进口关税，扩大优质产品进口。用好外经贸发展专项资金等，支持服务贸易、数字贸易、跨境电商出口。支持深入实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，推进海南自由贸易港建设，稳步推动制度型开放。支持办好进博会、广交会、服贸会、数贸会、消博会等重大展会。

We will reinforce the fundamentals of foreign trade and foreign investment. We will work to expand our globally-oriented network of high-standard free trade zones and help local governments and enterprises to open new channels for foreign trade by making better use of all free trade agreements. We will appropriately cut import tariffs on advanced technology and equipment as well as resource products and increase imports of high-quality products. We will use special funds for the development of foreign trade to facilitate trade in services, digital trade, and cross-border e-commerce export. We will provide support for upgrading pilot free trade zones, facilitate the development of Hainan Free Trade Port, and steadily expand institutional opening up. Support will be provided for the hosting of major events such as the China International Import Expo, the China Import and Export Fair, the China International Fair for Trade in Services, the Global Digital Trade Expo, and the China International Consumer Products Expo.

4．支持保障和改善民生。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，加强基础性、普惠性、兜底性民生建设，在高质量发展中持续增进民生福祉。

4) Supporting the efforts to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing

We will do everything within our means to improve the wellbeing of our people, ensuring that essential needs are met, public services are inclusive, and basic living standards are guaranteed. We will keep working to raise living standards through high-quality development.

实施就业优先政策。加强财税政策与就业政策联动，促进扩大就业容量。中央财政就业补助资金安排667亿元，支持地方提高公共就业服务能力，落实落细就业创业扶持政策。统筹运用贷款贴息、税费减免、创业补贴等政策，多渠道支持企业稳岗扩岗、个人创业就业。推动实施促进青年就业三年行动，着力做好高校毕业生、农民工等重点群体就业工作，加大残疾人等就业困难人员帮扶力度。支持开展大规模职业技能培训，更好满足先进制造、现代服务、养老照护等领域人才需求。

We will implement an employment-first policy. We will better coordinate fiscal and tax policies with the employment policy to help expand employment capacity. The central government will set aside 66.7 billion yuan for employment subsidies to support localities in boosting the capacity of public employment services and ensure full and effective implementation of policies for supporting employment and entrepreneurship. We will use a combination of policies such as loan interest subsidies, tax and fee cuts and exemptions, and subsidies for business start-ups, so as to help enterprises stabilize and expand payrolls and individuals secure employment or start businesses through various avenues. We will work to implement the three-year action plan for facilitating youth employment and focus on promoting employment among key groups such as college graduates and rural migrant workers. Greater assistance will be provided to people who have difficulty finding jobs such as those with disabilities. We will support the implementation of vocational skills training programs on a large scale to better meet the demand for well-trained personnel in the sectors of advanced manufacturing, modern services, and elderly care.

推动提升医疗卫生服务能力。落实深化医药卫生体制改革要求，促进医保、医疗、医药协同发展和治理。城乡居民基本医疗保险人均财政补助标准提高30元，达到每人每年670元，深化医保支付方式改革，加强医保基金监管，完善困难群众医疗救助制度，健全基本医疗保障体系。基本公共卫生服务经费人均财政补助标准提高5元，达到每人每年94元，推动完善公共卫生体系，提升疾病预防控制能力。推动深化以公益性为导向的公立医院改革，促进优质医疗资源扩容下沉和区域均衡布局，强化基层医疗卫生能力建设和卫生健康人才培养。支持加强中医药骨干人才培养、中医优势专科建设等，促进中医药传承创新发展。

We will boost capacities for medical and healthcare services. Requirements for the reform of medical and healthcare systems will be implemented to promote the coordinated development and management of medical insurance, medical services, and pharmaceuticals. We will increase government subsidies for basic medical insurance for rural and non-working urban residents by 30 yuan per person, bringing the annual total to 670 yuan per person. We will deepen the reform of medical insurance payout models, improve the system of medical assistance for people in financial difficulty, beef up regulation of medical insurance funds, and refine the systems for basic healthcare provision. Government subsidies for basic public health services will increase by 5 yuan per person, rising to 94 yuan per person per year, which will help improve the public health system and disease prevention and control capabilities. We will work to deepen reform of public hospitals to see that they better serve the public interest and make high-quality medical resources more broadly available by channeling them toward the community level and ensuring a more balanced distribution among regions. We will also help enhance the capacity of primary-level healthcare institutions and the training of healthcare personnel. We will support efforts to cultivate leading practitioners of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) and to develop several competitive specialty TCM branches, thus promoting the preservation and innovative development of TCM.

健全多层次社会保障体系。深入实施企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹，继续提高退休人员基本养老金标准，城乡居民基础养老金月最低标准提高20元，中央财政相关转移支付增长10.6%，落实地方支出责任，保障养老金按时足额发放。推动个人养老金制度在全国实施，加快发展多层次、多支柱养老保险体系。推动各地建立完善基本养老服务经费保障机制，健全基本养老服务体系，支持做好居家和社区基本养老服务、老年助餐、经济困难失能老年人集中照护等工作，加大农村养老服务补短板力度。完善生育支持政策，促进普惠托育服务发展。推进建立长期护理保险制度。开展工伤保险跨省异地就医直接结算试点，提升服务便捷度。健全社保基金保值增值和安全监管体系，做大做强社会保障战略储备基金。按照低收入人口困难程度和困难类型，加强分层分类社会救助保障。

We will improve the tiered social security system. We will intensify efforts to bring basic old-age insurance funds for enterprise employees under unified national management, continue to raise basic pension benefits for retirees, and increase minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents by 20 yuan per month. With the central government increasing transfer payments for this purpose by 10.6%, local governments should ensure they fulfill their expenditure responsibilities to see that relevant benefits are paid on time and in full. To accelerate the development of a multi-tiered, multi-pillar old-age insurance system, we will push forward the implementation of a private pension system across the country. We will help localities establish sound mechanisms to ensure sufficient funding for the delivery of basic elderly care services, improve the basic elderly care service system, support the provision of basic at-home and community-based elderly care, catering services for elderly people, and centralized care for functionally impaired elderly persons in financial difficulties, and redouble efforts to shore up weak links in rural elderly care services. We will improve our supporting policies on childbirth and facilitate the development of public-benefit childcare services. We will promote the development of long-term care insurance schemes. Trials will be carried out for on-the-spot settlement of out-of-province medical expenses via workers’ compensation insurance accounts, with a view to making relevant services more convenient. We will improve the system whereby social security funds are safeguarded through supervision and their value is maintained and increased over time, and see that strategic reserve funds for social security grow in size and deliver better returns. We will enhance multi-tiered and category-based social assistance based on the extent and the type of difficulties that low-income groups face.

支持完善现代公共文化服务体系。推进城乡公共文化服务体系一体建设，提高基本公共文化服务覆盖面和适用性。加强文物保护利用和非物质文化遗产保护传承，支持开展第四次全国文物普查。推动创新实施文化惠民工程，提高公共文化场馆免费开放服务水平。改进文化艺术领域专项资金运行机制，调整优化资助内容，加强文化人才队伍建设，引导创作更多优秀文艺作品，支持文化产业高质量发展。推动全民健身运动广泛开展，支持公共体育场馆向社会免费或低收费开放，做好奥运会、残奥会备战经费保障。

We will support improvements to the modern system of public cultural services. We will support integrated development of urban and rural public cultural services to expand their coverage and better adapt them to local needs. To strengthen the protection and utilization of cultural relics and better preserve and carry forward our intangible cultural heritage, we will support efforts to carry out the fourth national survey of cultural relics. We will facilitate the launch of new public-benefit cultural programs, and work to improve services of free public cultural facilities. We will improve the operating mechanisms for dedicated funding for art and culture and make adjustments to the programs receiving financial aid. We will strengthen the development of personnel in the cultural sector, encourage the creation of more outstanding works of literature and art, and support high-quality development of the cultural sector. We will encourage extensive fitness-for-all activities, facilitate the availability of public sports facilities to the general public at no cost or at low cost, and ensure ample funding for preparations for the 2024 Olympic and Paralympic Games.

5．支持推进乡村全面振兴。坚持农业农村优先发展，学习运用“千万工程”经验，加快农业农村现代化步伐。

5) Supporting the efforts to promote rural revitalization across the board

Continuing to prioritize the development of agriculture and rural areas, we will study and apply the experience gained from the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province and accelerate the modernization of the agricultural sector and rural areas.

提升粮食安全保障能力。健全种粮农民收益保障机制和粮食主产区利益补偿机制，稳定实施耕地地力保护补贴政策，适当提高小麦最低收购价，合理确定稻谷最低收购价，继续实施玉米大豆生产者补贴、稻谷补贴政策，加大产粮大县支持力度，保障农民种粮收益，发挥主产区抓粮积极性和增产潜力。扩大完全成本保险和种植收入保险政策实施范围，实现三大主粮全国覆盖，鼓励地方发展特色农产品保险，农业保险保费补贴安排545亿元、增长18.7%。适当提高高标准农田建设中央和省级投资补助水平，取消各地对产粮大县资金配套要求，优先把东北黑土地区等耕地建成高标准农田，稳步扩大盐碱地综合利用试点范围。推进灌区节水改造，支持水库建设和除险加固等。强化农业科技和装备支撑，继续支持种业振兴行动和农业关键核心技术攻关，完善农机购置与应用补贴政策，培育壮大各类农业社会化服务组织。

We will strengthen our ability to guarantee food security. We will make improvements to the mechanisms for ensuring the incomes of grain growers and compensating major grain-producing areas. We will keep subsidies for farmland fertility protection stable, appropriately increase the minimum purchase price for wheat, set appropriate minimum purchase prices for rice, continue the subsidy policies for corn and soybean producers and for rice, and increase support for major grain-producing counties. These efforts will help guarantee the incomes of grain growers and motivate major grain-producing areas to stay focused on grain production and further tap their potential for higher yields. The coverage of full-cost insurance and income insurance for grain production will be expanded, so as to cover the three major grain crops of rice, wheat, and corn nationwide. We will encourage localities to develop insurance for distinctive agricultural products, earmarking 54.5 billion yuan in subsidies for agricultural insurance premiums, an increase of 18.7%. We will appropriately increase investment support from the central and provincial governments for developing high-standard cropland, and no longer require major grain-producing counties to offer corresponding funds. We will give priority to turning chernozem soil area and other cropland in northeast China into high-quality farmland, and steadily expand pilot schemes for making comprehensive use of saline-alkali lands. We will promote efforts to update water-saving systems in irrigation areas, and support the construction and reinforcement of reservoirs. We will boost efforts to develop agricultural science, technology, and equipment, continue support for initiatives to revitalize the seed industry and for breakthroughs in core agricultural technologies in key fields, refine subsidy policies for the purchase and use of agricultural machinery, and help establish and expand various types of commercial organizations that provide agricultural services.

巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果。中央财政衔接推进乡村振兴补助资金规模增加到1770亿元，用于产业发展的比例总体保持稳定，增强脱贫地区和脱贫群众内生发展动力。聚焦脱贫不稳定户、边缘易致贫户等重点群体和国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县、易地搬迁集中安置点等重点区域，支持守牢不发生规模性返贫底线。将脱贫县涉农资金统筹整合试点政策优化调整至160个国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县实施，加强整合资金使用监管。研究过渡期后帮扶政策。

We will consolidate and build upon our achievements in poverty alleviation. The central government follow-up rural revitalization assistance fund will be expanded to 177 billion yuan, with a generally stable share of funding allocated to develop relevant industries. This will help areas and people that have just shaken off poverty build their own momentum for growth. To ensure that no large-scale relapse into poverty occurs, we will focus on assisting key groups such as households that have emerged from poverty but are far from secure and that are in a vulnerable position on the brink of poverty, as well as key counties receiving national-level assistance for rural revitalization and key areas with centralized communities for people relocated from inhospitable areas. Trials for integrated and coordinated use of government funds for rural development in counties that have shaken off poverty will be conducted in 160 key counties designated to receive national-level assistance for rural revitalization. In addition, oversight over the use of integrated funds will be bolstered. We will also study assistance policies for the post-transition period.

推进乡村发展和建设。支持实施乡村建设行动，改善农村水电路气信等基础设施和公共服务。优化实施农村产业融合发展项目，支持地方打造现代农业产业园等平台载体，加快培育新型农业经营主体，大力发展地方特色产业。继续实施农村公益事业建设财政奖补政策，持续改善农村生产生活条件。深入实施农村人居环境整治提升行动，推进生活污水垃圾治理、农村改厕等。支持农村危房改造和农房抗震改造。推动优质文化资源下沉，增加乡村文化服务供给。支持开展传统村落集中连片保护利用示范，增强传统村落生机活力。推动深化集体产权制度改革，促进新型农村集体经济发展。深入推进农村综合改革试点试验，探索乡村全面振兴的有效路径。支持壮大乡村人才队伍。

We will advance rural development and construction. We will support the launch of rural development initiatives to improve rural infrastructure and public services such as water, electricity and gas supplies, roads, and communications. We will better implement projects for integrated development of rural industries, supporting localities in their efforts to build platforms such as modern agro-industrial parks, to foster new types of agribusinesses at a faster pace, and to boost local specialty industries. We will continue with government rewards and subsidies for the development of rural public-interest programs and keep striving to improve working and living conditions in rural areas. We will continue to carry out the action plan for improving the rural living environment, and facilitate efforts to improve household sewage and waste treatment and renovate toilets in rural areas. We will support the renovation of dilapidated rural housing as well as upgrading of rural housing to make it more earthquake resistant. We will see that quality cultural resources are channeled toward the primary level and boost the supply of cultural services in rural areas. We will support demonstration initiatives to protect and utilize contiguous traditional villages to see them infused with greater vitality. We will work to deepen reform of the collective property rights system and promote the development of new rural collective economies. We will advance trials for comprehensive rural reform and explore effective pathways for all-around rural revitalization. We will support efforts to enhance the ranks of personnel in rural areas.

6．支持城乡融合、区域协调发展。针对发展不平衡不充分问题，大力推动城乡区域协调发展，让国内大循环的空间更广阔、成色更足。

6) Supporting integrated urban-rural development and coordinated regional development

Given the imbalances and inadequacies in our development, we will vigorously support coordinated urban-rural and regional development and work to promote more extensive and effective domestic economic flows.

推进新型城镇化建设。中央财政农业转移人口市民化奖励资金安排400亿元，用于增强各地区落实农业转移人口市民化政策的财政保障能力。推动健全常住地提供基本公共服务制度，着力解决农业转移人口稳定就业、住房保障、随迁子女教育等问题，促进农业转移人口全面融入城市。中央预算内投资、城镇保障性安居工程等领域财政补助资金向吸纳农业转移人口较多的城市倾斜，支持实施城市更新行动，加强城镇老旧小区改造，推进保障性住房建设、“平急两用”公共基础设施建设、城中村改造等“三大工程”。支持人口净流入省份结合实际建立健全省对下农业转移人口市民化奖励机制。推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设，加快建设西部陆海新通道。

We will advance new urbanization. The central government will allocate a 40-billion-yuan award fund for supporting local governments in boosting their fiscal capacity to implement the policy of granting urban residency to people from rural areas. These funds will facilitate more equitable access to basic public services for such new residents, ensuring they have stable employment, housing guarantees, and access to schools for children who have moved to the city with them. This will help them fully integrate into the cities where they live. Investment from the central government budget, funding for government-subsidized urban housing projects, and other financial subsidies will be tilted toward urban areas that absorb a greater number of rural residents. We will also support urban renewal initiatives and ramp up the renovation of old residential communities in cities. Good progress will be made on three types of major projects—government-subsidized housing, public infrastructure designed for both regular and emergency use, and reconstruction of urban villages. We will also support provinces with net population inflows in establishing and improving provincial-level award mechanisms for supporting lower-level governments in granting urban residency to people from rural areas. We will promote the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, and step up the construction of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region.

促进区域协调发展。优化转移支付分配，推动健全区域合作互助、区际利益补偿等机制，促进发达地区和欠发达地区、东中西部和东北地区共同发展。进一步完善财税支持政策，促进京津冀协同发展、长江经济带发展、粤港澳大湾区建设、长三角一体化发展、黄河流域生态保护和高质量发展等区域重大战略实施。中央财政继续安排相关转移支付资金，支持革命老区、民族地区、边疆地区加快发展，推进兴边富民行动。支持资源枯竭城市转型发展。支持库区和移民安置区基础设施建设和经济社会发展。

We will promote coordinated regional development. We will improve the distribution of transfer payments as well as the mechanisms for regional cooperation and mutual assistance and interregional compensation, so as to promote common development between developed and underdeveloped regions and the eastern, central, western, and northeastern regions. Supporting fiscal and tax policies will be refined to promote the implementation of major regional strategies, including the coordinated development of the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the development of the Yangtze Economic Belt, the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, the integrated development of the Yangtze River Delta, and the ecological conservation and high-quality development of the Yellow River basin. The central government will continue to allocate transfer payments to support faster development in old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, and border areas as well as the initiative to boost development and raise living standards in border areas. We will support the transformation and development of resource-depleted areas. We will also support the construction of infrastructure and economic and social development in reservoir areas and resettlement areas for people relocated from inhospitable regions.

7．支持加强生态文明建设。贯彻落实全国生态环境保护大会精神，处理好高质量发展和高水平保护等关系，全面推进美丽中国建设。

7) Supporting stronger ecological conservation

Applying the principles from the National Conference on Ecological and Environmental Protection, we will strike a balance between high-quality development and high-standard protection and push forward the Beautiful China Initiative across the board.

持续深入推进污染防治攻坚。围绕污染防治重点区域、重点领域、关键环节，支持打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。中央财政大气污染防治资金安排340亿元，继续支持北方地区冬季清洁取暖工作。水污染防治资金安排267亿元，加强大江大河、重要湖泊、重点海域保护治理。土壤污染防治专项资金安排44亿元，支持开展涉重金属历史遗留尾矿库治理和土壤污染源头防控。农村环境整治资金安排40亿元，扩大农村黑臭水体治理试点范围。

We will advance the critical battle against pollution. Focusing on key regions, areas, and links in pollution prevention and control, we will support the efforts to keep our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean. The central government will allocate 34 billion yuan for the prevention and control of air pollution and continue to support the use of clean energy sources for winter heating in northern China. We will allocate 26.7 billion yuan for the prevention and control of water pollution in order to step up efforts to protect and improve major rivers, major lakes, and key sea areas. Special funds totaling 4.4 billion yuan will be allocated for the prevention and control of soil pollution, supporting efforts to address the issue of mine tailings containing heavy metals and to prevent and control soil contamination at the source. We will earmark 4 billion yuan to improve the rural environment and expand trials to clean up black, malodorous water bodies in rural areas.

加大生态环境保护力度。中央财政重点生态功能区转移支付安排1121亿元，引导地方加强生态保护。出台财政支持“三北”工程建设的意见，中央财政设立专项补助资金并安排120亿元，全力支持打好“三北”工程攻坚战。深入实施山水林田湖草沙一体化保护和修复工程，扎实开展海洋生态保护修复、历史遗留废弃矿山生态修复等竞争性评审和示范工作。支持科学开展大规模国土绿化行动，加强森林、草原、湿地等生态系统保护修复，推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设。

We will intensify environmental protection. The central government will allocate 112.1 billion yuan in transfer payment to key ecosystem service zones, guiding local authorities to enhance ecological conservation. Publishing guidelines on fiscal support for the Three-North Shelterbelt Project, the central government will establish special subsidies for this project and earmark 12 billion yuan to facilitate relevant endeavors. We will fully implement projects for the integrated conservation and restoration of mountain, water, forest, farmland, lake, grassland, and desert ecosystems and carry out competitive evaluations and demonstrations of protection and restoration of marine ecosystems as well as ecological restoration in abandoned mining areas. We will support well-conceived large-scale afforestation programs, step up efforts toward the protection and restoration of forest, grassland, wetland, and other ecosystems, and promote the development of the national park-based nature reserve system.

积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。研究建立健全与“双碳”目标相适应的财税政策体系。通过中央财政科技计划（专项、基金等），支持绿色低碳科技研发推广，推动产业结构调整和重点领域行业节能减排。支持新一轮找矿突破战略行动，促进可再生能源和清洁能源发展，推动加快建设新型能源体系。密切跟踪全球碳定价趋势，积极参与全球环境气候资金机制治理与合作。

We will take proactive and prudent steps toward carbon peaking and carbon neutrality. We will study ways to establish a sound tax and fiscal policy system that is adapted to our carbon peaking and neutrality goals. Using central-government funded science and technology programs, special projects, and funds, we will support the R&D and application of green and low-carbon science and technology and promote industrial restructuring along with energy conservation and emission reductions in key areas and sectors. We will support a new round of strategic initiatives aimed at breakthroughs in mineral exploration, promote the development of clean and renewable energy, and facilitate faster progress in building a new energy system. We will closely follow the global trend of carbon pricing and actively participate in the governance and cooperation relating to mechanisms for global environment and climate funds.

健全生态文明建设相关制度机制。完善生态保护补偿制度和生态产品价值实现机制，让保护者、贡献者得实惠。严格执行环境保护税法，研究把挥发性有机物纳入环境保护税征收范围。建立健全绿色低碳产品政府采购需求标准体系，加大强制采购、优先采购绿色低碳产品力度。

We will improve the systems and mechanisms for ecological conservation. We will refine the compensation systems for ecological conservation and the mechanisms to realize the market value of ecosystem goods and services, ensuring that those who contribute to and protect our environment benefit from their efforts. The Environmental Protection Tax Law will be strictly enforced, and we will look into incorporating volatile organic compounds within the scope of environmental protection tax. We will establish a sound system of requirements and standards for the government procurement of green and low-carbon products and step up efforts to mandate and prioritize the procurement of such products.

8．支持国防、外交和政法工作。深入贯彻习近平强军思想，强化财力保障，全面推进国防和军队现代化建设，巩固提高一体化国家战略体系和能力。研究完善优抚对象抚恤和生活补助标准动态调整机制，支持做好退役军人安置、就业等工作。服务中国特色大国外交，强化国家重大外交外事活动经费保障。深化对外财经交流合作，积极参与全球经济治理，推动高质量共建“一带一路”走深走实，扩大高水平对外开放。深入贯彻总体国家安全观，支持政法领域全面深化改革，加强政法机关履职经费保障，完善社会治理体系，加强公共法律服务，进一步夯实国家安全和社会稳定的基层基础，推进政法工作现代化，建设更高水平的平安中国、法治中国。

8) Supporting national defense, diplomacy, and political and legal work

Fully implementing Xi Jinping Thought on Strengthening the Military, we will provide stronger financial guarantees for efforts to modernize our national defense and the armed forces on all fronts and consolidate and enhance integrated national strategies and strategic capabilities. We will review and improve the mechanism for dynamically adjusting subsidies and living allowances for entitled groups and support ex-service members in getting settled and finding employment. We will strengthen funding safeguards for major diplomatic events to support the development of major-country diplomacy with Chinese characteristics. We will intensify financial and economic exchanges and cooperation with other countries, actively participate in global economic governance, deepen and consolidate high-quality Belt and Road cooperation, and expand high-standard opening up. Applying a holistic approach to national security, we will support all-around and in-depth reforms in the judicial, procuratorial, and public security domains and strengthen funding guarantees for ensuring judicial, procuratorial, and public security bodies can perform their functions. These efforts will help improve the social governance system, enhance public legal services, further strengthen the foundation at the primary level for national security and social stability, promote the modernization of political and legal work, and advance the Peaceful China Initiative and the rule of law in China to a higher level.

（四）2024年一般公共预算收入预计和支出安排。

4. General public budgetary revenue and expenditure for 2024

1．中央一般公共预算。

1) Central general public budget

中央一般公共预算收入102425亿元，比2023年执行数增长2.9%。加上从中央预算稳定调节基金调入2482亿元、从中央国有资本经营预算调入750亿元、上年结转资金5000亿元，收入总量为110657亿元。中央一般公共预算支出144057亿元，增长2%。收支总量相抵，中央财政赤字33400亿元，通过发行国债弥补，比2023年年初预算增加1800亿元。

Revenue in the central government’s general public budget is projected at 10.2425 trillion yuan, up 2.9% over the actual figure in 2023. Adding in 248.2 billion yuan from the Central Budget Stabilization Fund, 75 billion yuan from the budget of central government state capital operations, and 500 billion yuan carried over from last year, total revenue is expected to be 11.0657 trillion yuan. Expenditures in the central general public budget are projected to be 14.4057 trillion yuan, an increase of 2%. Total expenditure will exceed total revenue, leaving a deficit of 3.34 trillion yuan. This figure is 180 billion yuan higher than the budgeted figure at the start of 2023 and will be supplemented through the issuance of government bonds.

2024年中央一般公共预算支出分中央本级支出、对地方转移支付、中央预备费反映。

Expenditures in the 2024 central general public budget comprise central government expenditures, transfer payments to local governments, and payments to central government reserve funds.

（1）中央本级支出41520亿元，增长8.6%，扣除重点保障支出后增长0.3%。坚持有保有压，严格落实过紧日子要求，严控一般性支出，重点保障国防武警支出、科技教育支出、中央储备支出、国债发行付息支出。主要支出项目具体情况是：外交支出607.83亿元，增长6.6%；国防支出16655.4亿元，增长7.2%；公共安全支出2276.62亿元，增长1.4%；教育支出1649.36亿元，增长5%；科学技术支出3708.28亿元，增长10%；粮油物资储备支出1406.36亿元，增长8.1%；债务付息支出7773.15亿元，增长11.9%。

(1) Central government expenditures are projected at 4.152 trillion yuan, an increase of 8.6%. After deducting spending on key areas, we will see an expenditure increase of 0.3%. Following the principle of guaranteeing key expenditures while cutting general expenditures and acting in strict compliance with belt-tightening requirements, we will keep general expenditures under strict control and give priority to spending on national defense, the armed police, science and technology, education, national reserves, and government bond issuance and interest payments.

The main expenditures are as follows: 60.783 billion yuan on diplomatic endeavors, up 6.6%; 1.66554 trillion yuan on national defense, up 7.2%; 227.662 billion yuan on public security, up 1.4%; 164.936 billion yuan on education, up 5%; 370.828 billion yuan on science and technology, up 10%; 140.636 billion yuan on stockpiling grain, edible oils, and other materials, up 8.1%; and 777.315 billion yuan on debt interest payments, up 11.9%.

（2）对地方转移支付102037亿元，剔除支持基层落实减税降费和重点民生等专项转移支付、灾后恢复重建和提升防灾减灾救灾能力补助资金等一次性因素后，同口径增长4.1%。

(2) A total of 10.2037 trillion yuan will be transferred to local governments. This represents an increase of 4.1% after the deduction of special transfer payments to support primary-level governments in implementing tax and fee cuts and ensuring key public wellbeing projects as well as one-off subsidies for post-disaster recovery and reconstruction and capacity building for disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

（3）中央预备费500亿元，与2023年持平。执行中根据实际用途分别计入中央本级支出和对地方转移支付。

(3) A total of 50 billion yuan will be appropriated for central government reserve funds, which is consistent with the figure for 2023. Depending on how they are used in practice, utilized reserve funds will be recorded as either central government expenditures or transfer payments to local governments.

2．地方一般公共预算。

2) Local general public budget

地方一般公共预算本级收入121525亿元，增长3.7%。加上中央对地方转移支付收入102037亿元、地方财政调入资金及使用结转结余12708亿元，收入总量为236270亿元。地方一般公共预算支出243470亿元，增长3%。地方财政赤字7200亿元，通过发行地方政府一般债券弥补，与2023年持平。

Revenue in the local general public budget is projected at 12.1525 trillion yuan, up 3.7%. Adding in 10.2037 trillion yuan in transfer payments from the central government and 1.2708 trillion yuan transferred from other local sources, as well as utilized carryover and surplus funds, total revenue is expected to be 23.627 trillion yuan. Expenditure in the local general public budget is projected at 24.347 trillion yuan, up 3%. This will create a deficit of 720 billion yuan at the local level, the same as 2023, which will be supplemented through the issuance of general-purpose local government bonds.

3．全国一般公共预算。

3) National general public budget

汇总中央和地方预算，全国一般公共预算收入223950亿元，增长3.3%。加上调入资金及使用结转结余20940亿元，收入总量为244890亿元。全国一般公共预算支出285490亿元（含中央预备费500亿元），增长4%。赤字40600亿元，比2023年年初预算增加1800亿元。

Revenue in the national general public budget, combining the general public budgets of both the central and local governments, is projected at 22.395 trillion yuan, an increase of 3.3%. With the addition of 2.094 trillion yuan transferred from other sources and utilized carryover and surplus funds, total revenue is calculated at 24.489 trillion yuan. Expenditure in the national general public budget is projected at 28.549 trillion yuan (including 50 billion yuan for central government reserve funds), an increase of 4%. This will create a deficit of 4.06 trillion yuan, which is an increase of 180 billion yuan compared with the budgeted figure at the start of 2023.

（五）2024年政府性基金预算收入预计和支出安排。

5. Budgetary revenue and expenditure of government-managed funds for 2024

中央政府性基金预算收入4474.52亿元，增长1.3%。加上上年结转收入391.87亿元、超长期特别国债收入10000亿元，收入总量为14866.39亿元。中央政府性基金预算支出14866.39亿元，其中，本级支出8712.91亿元，对地方转移支付6153.48亿元。

Budgetary revenue of central government-managed funds is projected to be 447.452 billion yuan, up 1.3%. Adding in 39.187 billion yuan carried over from last year and 1 trillion yuan from the issuance of ultra long-term special government bonds, total revenue is calculated at 1.486639 trillion yuan. Budgetary expenditure of central government-managed funds is expected to total 1.486639 trillion yuan. This figure consists of 871.291 billion yuan of central government spending and 615.348 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments.

地方政府性基金预算本级收入66327.53亿元，增长0.1%。加上中央政府性基金预算对地方转移支付收入6153.48亿元、地方政府专项债务收入39000亿元，收入总量为111481.01亿元。地方政府性基金预算支出111481.01亿元，增长15.5%。

Budgetary revenue of local government-managed funds is projected to be 6.632753 trillion yuan, up 0.1%. Adding in 615.348 billion yuan in transfer payments from the budget of central government-managed funds and 3.9 trillion yuan of revenue generated from special local government debt, total revenue is expected to be 11.148101 trillion yuan. Budgetary expenditure of local government-managed funds is expected to total 11.148101 trillion yuan, an increase of 15.5%.

汇总中央和地方预算，全国政府性基金预算收入70802.05亿元，增长0.1%。加上上年结转收入391.87亿元、超长期特别国债收入10000亿元、地方政府专项债务收入39000亿元，收入总量为120193.92亿元。全国政府性基金预算支出120193.92亿元，增长18.6%。

Budgetary revenue of government-managed funds nationwide, combining both central and local government-managed funds, is projected at 7.080205 trillion yuan, up 0.1%. Adding in 39.187 billion yuan carried over from last year, 1 trillion yuan from the issuance of ultra long-term special government bonds, and 3.9 trillion yuan of revenue generated from special local government debt, total revenue is calculated at 12.019392 trillion yuan. Budgetary expenditure of government-managed funds nationwide is projected at 12.019392 trillion yuan, an increase of 18.6%.

（六）2024年国有资本经营预算收入预计和支出安排。

6. Budgetary revenue and expenditure of state capital operations for 2024

中央国有资本经营预算收入2392.4亿元，增长5.7%。加上上年结转收入107.35亿元，收入总量为2499.75亿元。中央国有资本经营预算支出1749.75亿元，增长17%。其中，本级支出1710.59亿元，对地方转移支付39.16亿元。调入中央一般公共预算750亿元。

Budgetary revenue of central government state capital operations is projected at 239.24 billion yuan, up 5.7%. Adding in 10.735 billion yuan carried over from last year, total revenue is calculated at 249.975 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditure of central government state capital operations is expected to total 174.975 billion yuan, up 17%. This figure consists of 171.059 billion yuan of central government spending and 3.916 billion yuan in transfer payments to local governments. A projected 75 billion yuan will be transferred into the central general public budget.

地方国有资本经营预算本级收入3532.74亿元，下降21.1%，主要是上年地方资产处置等一次性收入较多、基数较高。加上中央国有资本经营预算对地方转移支付收入39.16亿元，收入总量为3571.9亿元。地方国有资本经营预算支出1571.9亿元，下降17%。调入地方一般公共预算2000亿元。

Budgetary revenue of local government state capital operations is projected to be 353.274 billion yuan, a drop of 21.1%. This is primarily due to a large amount of one-time revenue from the disposal of local assets and other sources last year setting a relatively high base figure for this year. Adding in 3.916 billion yuan in transfer payments from the central government state capital operations budget, total revenue is calculated at 357.19 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditure of local government state capital operations is estimated at 157.19 billion yuan, a decrease of 17%. A projected 200 billion yuan will be transferred into the local general public budget.

汇总中央和地方预算，全国国有资本经营预算收入5925.14亿元，下降12.1%，主要是地方国有资本经营预算收入下降较多。加上上年结转收入107.35亿元，收入总量为6032.49亿元。全国国有资本经营预算支出3282.49亿元，下降1.9%。调入一般公共预算2750亿元。

Revenue in the state capital operations budgets of both the central and local governments is projected at 592.514 billion yuan, down 12.1%. This is mainly due to a large decrease in budgetary revenue of local government state capital operations. Adding in 10.735 billion yuan carried over from last year, the total budgetary revenue of state capital operations nationwide is calculated at 603.249 billion yuan. Budgetary expenditure of state capital operations nationwide is estimated at 328.249 billion yuan, down 1.9%. A projected 275 billion yuan will be transferred into the general public budget.

（七）2024年社会保险基金预算收入预计和支出安排。

7. Budgetary revenue and expenditure of social insurance funds for 2024

中央社会保险基金预算收入494.02亿元，增长31.6%；支出486.97亿元，增长25.2%。收入和支出增幅较高，主要是2024年拟继续推动将符合条件的单位转入在京中央国家机关事业单位基本养老保险范围。考虑全国统筹调剂资金因素后，中央社会保险基金预算本年收支结余6.23亿元，年末滚存结余84.36亿元。

Budgetary revenue of the central government social insurance fund is projected at 49.402 billion yuan, an increase of 31.6%, and expenditure from the fund is estimated at 48.697 billion yuan, up 25.2%. The considerable increases in revenue and expenditure are primarily attributable to continued efforts to transfer qualified organizations into the basic old-age insurance system for employees of central Party and government bodies and public institutions in Beijing. Taking funds under unified national management and regulation into account, the budgetary surplus of the central government social insurance fund will be 623 million yuan this year, with a year-end balance of 8.436 billion yuan after the balance from 2023 has been rolled over.

地方社会保险基金预算收入116997亿元，增长5.3%；支出106336.33亿元，增长7.5%。考虑全国统筹调剂资金因素后，本年收支结余10661.49亿元，年末滚存结余139366.08亿元。

Budgetary revenue of local government social insurance funds is projected at 11.6997 trillion yuan, up 5.3%. Expenditure of these funds is estimated at 10.633633 trillion yuan, an increase of 7.5%. Taking funds under unified national management and regulation into account, the budgetary surplus of local government social insurance funds will be 1.066149 trillion yuan this year, with a year-end balance of 13.936608 trillion yuan after the balance from 2023 has been rolled over.

汇总中央和地方预算，全国社会保险基金预算收入117491.02亿元，增长5.4%，其中，保险费收入85947.88亿元，财政补贴收入26846.19亿元。全国社会保险基金预算支出106823.3亿元，增长7.6%。本年收支结余10667.72亿元，年末滚存结余139450.44亿元。

Combining both central and local government budgets, revenue of social insurance funds nationwide is calculated at 11.749102 trillion yuan, an increase of 5.4%. This includes 8.594788 trillion yuan in insurance premiums and 2.684619 trillion yuan in government subsidies. Budgetary expenditure of social insurance funds nationwide is expected to total 10.68233 trillion yuan, up 7.6%. With a projected surplus of 1.066772 trillion yuan, the year-end balance will be 13.945044 trillion yuan after the balance from 2023 has been rolled over.

2024年，国债限额352008.35亿元；地方政府一般债务限额172689.22亿元、专项债务限额295185.08亿元。

In 2024, the ceiling for central government debt is 35.200835 trillion yuan; the ceiling for local government general debt is 17.268922 trillion yuan; and the ceiling for local government special debt is 29.518508 trillion yuan.

需要说明的是，地方预算由地方各级人民政府编制，报本级人民代表大会批准，目前尚在汇总中，本报告中地方收入预计数和支出安排数均为中央财政代编数。

It should be noted that as local budgets are formulated by local people’s governments and submitted for approval to the people’s congresses at their respective levels, the relevant data is still being compiled. All projected figures for local revenue and expenditure in this report have been compiled based on the preliminary calculations of the central finance authorities.

预算具体安排及相关说明详见《中华人民共和国2023年全国预算执行情况2024年全国预算（草案）》。

根据预算法规定，预算年度开始后，在全国人民代表大会批准本预算草案前，可安排下列支出：上一年度结转的支出；参照上一年同期的预算支出数额安排必须支付的本年度部门基本支出、项目支出，以及对下级政府的转移性支出；法律规定必须履行支付义务的支出，以及用于自然灾害等突发事件处理的支出。根据上述规定，2024年1月中央一般公共预算支出15482亿元，其中，中央本级支出2427亿元，对地方转移支付13055亿元。

In accordance with the Budget Law, after the start of a new budget year and prior to the approval of that year’s draft budgets by the NPC, arrangements may be made for the following expenditures: carryover expenditures from the previous fiscal year; basic and project expenditures of government departments and transfer payments to lower-level governments that must be made in the current year, on the basis of budgetary expenditure amount for the corresponding period in the previous year; expenditures mandated by law; and expenditures for dealing with natural disasters and other emergencies. In line with these stipulations, expenditures in the central general public budget totaled 1.5482 trillion yuan in January 2024, including 242.7 billion yuan in expenditures at the central level and 1.3055 trillion yuan in transfer payments to local governments.

三、扎实做好2024年财政改革发展工作

III. Fiscal Reform and Development in 2024

（一）提升预算管理效能。

1. Making budget management more effective

贯彻落实预算法及其实施条例，严格执行人大批准的预算，强化预算指标管理，规范预算调剂行为，严禁无预算、超预算列支，严禁违规新增暂付款。优化预算分配，避免不同渠道资金交叉重复安排。进一步完善国库集中支付制度，提高预算执行质量。强化预算项目滚动管理，完善从储备立项、组织实施到终止完成的全生命周期管理机制。全面推进支出标准体系建设，进一步完善基本支出定员定额标准体系，加快建成覆盖财政重点支出领域和部门重点工作的项目支出标准体系。健全预算绩效管理体系，围绕中央重大决策部署和重大财税政策落实情况开展绩效评价，结合评价结果合理调整支出政策和预算安排，体现奖优罚劣和激励相容导向。加强预算公开，提高预算透明度。优化预算管理一体化系统功能，逐步实现对中央部门预算资金和对地方转移支付资金全面监督，健全全国财政运行监测机制，完善问题发现、通报、反馈机制，防范处置财政运行风险。

Continuing to adhere to the Budget Law and its implementation regulations, we will ensure the rigorous execution of the budgets approved by the NPC. We will take steps to enhance the management of budgetary targets and ensure stronger regulation over budgetary adjustments. All spending not budgeted for or over budget will be forbidden, and new suspense payments that violate regulations will be prohibited. We will make improvements to avoid overlapping allocations of funds from different channels. We also will further improve the centralized treasury payment system to improve the quality of budget execution. Project budgets will be managed on a rolling basis, and the mechanisms for managing all stages of these budgets, from approval to implementation and completion, will be refined. To comprehensively develop the system of standards for expenditures, we will continue to improve standards for basic expenditures, which are mainly based on staff numbers and necessary spending, and move faster to set standards for project expenditures, which cover spending in key areas and on key tasks. Based on a combination of rewards, punishments, and compatible incentives, we will improve the performance-based budget management system, carry out performance evaluations on the implementation of the CPC Central Committee’s major decisions and plans and key fiscal and tax policies, and appropriately adjust spending policies and budget arrangements according to evaluation results. Greater energy will be directed toward boosting budget transparency. We will refine the functions of the integrated budget management system to gradually work toward complete oversight over budgetary funds for central government departments and transfer payments to local governments. We will strengthen monitoring of fiscal operations nationwide by improving the mechanisms for identifying problems, reporting them, and providing feedback, thereby preventing and resolving fiscal risks.

（二）落实党政机关习惯过紧日子要求。

2. Fulfilling the requirement for Party and government bodies to get used to keeping their belts tightened

牢固树立艰苦奋斗、勤俭节约思想，进一步完善过紧日子制度机制，各地区各部门要专门制定相关办法。将过紧日子的要求贯穿预算管理全过程，在合理保障部门履职支出的基础上，严格控制一般性支出，强化“三公”经费管理，继续压缩论坛、展会等活动，从紧安排非刚性、非重点项目支出，腾出更多财政资源用于推动高质量发展、增进民生福祉。加强政府采购预算管理，节约政府采购成本。严格新增资产配置，积极盘活存量资产，推进资产共享共用，防止资产闲置浪费。跟踪评估过紧日子情况，坚决查处损失浪费财政资金行为。

Based on the thinking that government should be frugal and hardworking, we will continue to improve the institutional framework for keeping our belts tightened. All local authorities and government departments should also draw up regulations in this regard. All aspects of budget management must adhere to the belt-tightening requirements. While necessary spending for performing duties will be ensured, general expenditures will be strictly controlled, spending on official overseas visits, official vehicles, and official hospitality will be subject to more stringent management, and expenditures on forums, exhibitions, and similar events will be reined in further. By keeping spending on non-obligatory and non-critical projects firmly in check, we will free up more fiscal resources for promoting high-quality development and improving people’s wellbeing. To deliver further savings, we will also beef up management of the government procurement budget. We will keep a firm hand on the allocation of new assets and put idle assets to good use. Asset sharing will be encouraged to ensure assets do not lie idle or go to waste. We will carry out follow-up assessments on the implementation of belt-tightening requirements, and those who waste government funds will be investigated and punished.

（三）筑牢兜实基层“三保”底线。

3. Ensuring the three priorities of primary-level governments are met

始终将基层“三保”摆在财政工作的优先位置，按照县级为主、市级帮扶（兜底）、省级兜底、中央激励原则，落实各级“三保”责任。中央对地方转移支付保持一定规模，地方要统筹上级转移支付和自有财力，优先使用稳定可靠的经常性财力安排“三保”支出，“三保”支出预算未足额安排前，不得安排其他支出预算。依托预算管理一体化系统，动态掌握“三保”支出需求，推动“三保”全过程信息化管理。加强“三保”运行动态监测、分级预警，及时提醒提示风险，依法依规妥善处置，严肃追责问责。

Supporting primary-level governments in ensuring the three priorities will remain high on the agenda of public finance work. To see that each level of government fulfills its responsibilities in this respect, we will follow the principles that county-level governments should assume primary responsibility, prefecture-level governments should provide assistance (in some cases work to ensure basic needs are met), provincial-level governments should work to ensure basic needs are met, and the central government should offer incentives. Transfer payments from the central government to local governments will be kept at a certain level. We will see that local governments use both transfer payments from higher-level governments and their own financial resources and prioritize the use of regular fiscal resources, which are both stable and reliable, when allocating funds for the three priorities. Spending allocations for other items should only be arranged after sufficient provisions have been made for the three priorities. We will use the integrated budget management system to keep abreast of spending demands for the three priorities and move toward making the entire management process for this work IT-based. We will step up dynamic monitoring and multi-level early warning to provide timely risk alerts, so that these can be properly addressed in accordance with laws and regulations and those who fail to fulfill their responsibilities can be held to account.

（四）强化地方政府债务管理。

4. Strengthening management of local government debt

建立同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理机制。完善专项债券管理制度，加强项目穿透式管理，强化项目收入归集，确保按时偿还、不出风险。统筹好地方债务风险化解和稳定发展，坚持省负总责、市县尽全力化债，层层压实责任，进一步落实一揽子化债方案。健全防范化解隐性债务风险长效机制，加强部门协调配合，完善监管制度，坚决遏制新增隐性债务，有序化解存量隐性债务，逐步降低债务风险水平。严肃查处各类违法违规举债行为，加大问责结果公开力度，坚决防止一边化债、一边新增。完善全口径地方债务监测监管体系，分类推进地方融资平台转型。

We will adapt the government debt management system to the needs of high-quality development. To do so, we will refine the management system for special-purpose bonds by strengthening incisive project management and reinforcing collection of revenue from projects funded by such bonds, and ensure that repayments are made on time and no risks arise. In coordinating efforts to defuse local government debt risks and pursue steady development, we will see that provincial-level governments assume overall responsibility, that prefecture and county-level governments make every effort to resolve their debts, and that each and every level of government fulfills its responsibilities in this regard. On this basis, we will further implement a suite of debt resolution measures. We will improve the long-term mechanism for guarding against and defusing hidden debt risks, ensuring stronger interdepartmental coordination and better oversight systems. We will resolutely prevent any increase in hidden government debt and steadily work to defuse existing hidden debts, thus gradually lowering the level of debt risks. All borrowing in breach of laws and regulations will be investigated and punished, and greater information transparency will be ensured with regard to accountability. We will resolutely prevent a situation where local governments are resolving debts on one side and raising new debt on the other. We will improve the system for unified monitoring and regulation of local government debt and promote the transformation of local government financing platforms on a per-category basis.

（五）加强财会监督。

5. Intensifying oversight on accounting

进一步完善财会监督体系和工作机制，依法依规加强对国家机关、企事业单位等的财政、财务、会计活动的监督。组织财会监督专项行动，开展严肃财经纪律专项整治、会计评估领域专项整治、预算执行常态化监督，加大对违法违规行为的处理处罚和通报曝光。优化财会监督方式方法，坚持日常监督与专项监督、现场监督与非现场监督、线上监督与线下监督、事前事中事后监督相结合，发现问题与推动整改一体推进，提高财会监督实效。推动财会监督与其他各类监督贯通协调，形成监督合力。

We will further refine the accounting oversight system and working mechanism and strengthen oversight over state organs, enterprises, and public institutions in terms of public finance, fiscal work, and accounting in accordance with laws and regulations. In launching an accounting oversight campaign, we will check for strict compliance with fiscal discipline, address malpractices in accounting evaluations, and carry out routine oversight over the execution of budgets, and we will take tougher action against activities that violate laws and regulations and report and expose such cases. We will improve our methods and approaches for accounting oversight, combining routine and special actions, on- and off-site as well as on- and off-line methods, and ex ante, interim, and ex post activities. We will take coordinated steps to discover problems and rectify errors and enhance the efficacy of accounting oversight. We will facilitate links and coordination between accounting oversight and other types of oversight to generate synergy.

（六）深化财税体制改革。

6. Deepening fiscal and tax system reform

贯彻党中央、国务院部署要求，坚持目标导向、问题导向，谋划新一轮财税体制改革，建立健全与中国式现代化相适应的现代财政制度。在保持宏观税负和基本税制稳定的前提下，进一步完善税收制度、优化税制结构，研究健全地方税体系，推动消费税改革，完善增值税制度。深化税收征管改革，依法依规征税收费。推进财政资源统筹，提高预算管理完整性。优化财政资源配置机制，打破支出固化僵化格局，集中财力办大事。完善财政转移支付体系，加强转移支付定期评估和退出管理，优化资金分配，研究建立完善促进高质量发展的转移支付激励约束机制。落实落细已出台的中央与地方财政事权和支出责任划分改革相关方案，稳步推进省以下财政体制改革。

We will act on the plans and requirements of the Party Central Committee and the State Council and stay oriented toward both goals and problems when planning a new round of fiscal and tax system reform, with the aim of developing a modern public finance system that is compatible with Chinese modernization. Keeping the overall tax burden and tax framework stable, we will further improve the taxation systems and structures, look into refining local tax systems, promote excise tax reform, and optimize the VAT system. We will deepen reform of the tax collection and administration system to ensure taxes and fees are levied in strict accordance with laws and regulations. We will strengthen coordination of fiscal resources and make budget management more holistic. The mechanism for allocating fiscal resources will be improved to make the structure of government spending flexible and adaptable and pool fiscal resources to accomplish major undertakings. We will improve the system of transfer payments by reinforcing regular evaluations and exit management, optimizing fund allocation, and looking into the establishment of transfer-payment incentive and constraint mechanisms that are designed to promote high-quality development. We will ensure effective and thorough implementation of the existing reform plans for dividing fiscal powers and expenditure responsibilities between the central and local governments and steadily advance reform of fiscal systems at and below the provincial level.

（七）主动接受人大预算审查监督。

7. Submitting to budget review and oversight of the NPC

践行全过程人民民主，自觉接受人大依法监督，充分听取人大代表意见建议，及时回应人大代表关心关切。按照《全国人民代表大会常务委员会关于加强中央预算审查监督的决定》要求，配合做好对政府预算全口径审查和全过程监管、预算初步审查、预算执行监督、预算绩效审查监督、地方政府债务监督等工作。认真研究落实全国人大及其常委会有关预算决议和审查意见，有针对性地改进和加强财政预算工作。高质量办理人大代表议案建议，深化与人大代表日常沟通交流，把代表提出的意见建议充分体现到编制政府预算、推进财税改革、制定财税政策中。扎实做好审计查出问题整改，提高整改质量和效率，整改结果向全国人大常委会报告并向社会公开。

We will practice whole-process people’s democracy, readily accept law-based oversight from the NPC, solicit the opinions and suggestions of NPC deputies, and respond to their concerns in a timely manner. Acting on the requirements of the NPC Standing Committee’s Decision to Strengthen Examination and Oversight of Central Government Budgets, we will play our due role in ensuring exhaustive examination and full-process oversight of all government budgets, preliminary reviews of budgets, oversight of budget execution, review and oversight of budget performance, and oversight of local government debt. We will earnestly study and put into practice the resolutions and comments made by the NPC and its Standing Committee regarding budgets, so as to strengthen budgetary work in a targeted way. We will effectively handle proposals and suggestions put forward by NPC deputies, maintain regular communication with them, and see that their suggestions and comments are fully reflected in government budget preparations, fiscal and tax reforms, and fiscal and tax policies. We will earnestly correct problems discovered during auditing, and enhance the quality and efficiency of remedial work, with remedial results reported to the NPC Standing Committee and released to the public.

各位代表：

Esteemed deputies,

新的一年，新的奋斗。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，高举中国特色社会主义伟大旗帜，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，奋发有为、开拓进取，扎实做好财政各项工作，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业作出新的更大贡献！

A new year means the start of new endeavor. Let us rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, hold high the great banner of socialism with Chinese characteristics, and follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Let us acquire a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. Let us strengthen our consciousness of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership and stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics. Let us uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Party Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership. Let us work hard and forge ahead with a pioneering spirit and ensure that all public finance initiatives are carried out effectively. On this basis, we will make new and greater contributions to building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

Note:

* This refers to resource tax (excluding water resource tax), urban construction and maintenance tax, property tax, urban land-use tax, stamp duty (excluding stamp duty on securities transactions), tax on farmland used for nonagricultural purposes, education surcharges, and local education surcharges.

Please see the attachment for the document.  Enditem

Full Text: Report on China's central and local budgets