盘点历届日本首相的二战道歉语录
《纽约时报》2015年8月16日
日本首相安倍晋三8月14日在东京的媒体招待会上发表讲话。
周五，日本首相安倍晋三在二战结束暨日本投降70周年之际发表的讲话中，重申了对日本在历史上就帝国主义扩张作出的若干次正式道歉的认可。他说，日本对“无辜的民众”，“确实造成了不可估量的伤害和痛苦”。
不过，安倍晋三补充说，“我们绝不能让我们的孩子、孙辈，以及未来的后代，那些和这场战争并没有关联的人，不能再背负继续谢罪的宿命。”
日本的亚洲邻国们将会仔细分析这段讲话，并将其与日本往届领导人的言辞进行对比。
安倍提到，日本过去不断为战争行为表达“痛切的反省”和“衷心的道歉”，他补充说，“过往内阁所表达的立场在未来会保持不动摇。”但他本人没有作出正式的道歉。
安倍晋三还提到，日本将永不再转向“侵略”，将会永久抛弃“殖民统治”，他曾经使用过这几个关键表述，也是外交官员和分析人士准备观察他是否会重申的字眼。
下面是1945年日本战败以来，天皇和高官对日本在二战中行为的主要表态。
2015年4月29日
安倍晋三
“历史，无法挽回，无比残酷。”
——安倍晋三在美国国会两院联席会议上发表讲话时表示，这是日本首相第一次发表此类讲话
他还说：
“亲爱的朋友们，我谨代表日本和所有日本国民，为在二战中丧生的所有美国人之灵，致以深切的敬意和无限的哀思。……战后的日本，在深刻反省上次大战的同时，脚踏实地地向前迈进。绝不可回避自己的所作所为给亚洲各国国民带去的痛苦。”
4月早些时候，在印度尼西亚万隆举行的一次会议上，安倍晋三对日本在战争中的行为表示了悔恨，在那里他还与中国国家主席习近平碰面。然而一天后，安倍晋三的三名内阁部长就在东京参拜了备受争议的靖国神社(Yasukuni Shrine)。
靖国神社供奉着日本战争亡灵，其中包括从1978年开始供奉的甲级战犯。在曾经被日本殖民统治的国家眼中，靖国神社是军国主义死不悔改的象征。
去年，安倍晋三成为2006年来首位参拜靖国神社的在任日本政府首脑。日本首相上一次对那里进行官方参拜是在2006年，时任首相是小泉纯一郎(Junichiro Koizumi)。2013年，安倍晋三打破传统，没有在8月15日的年度演说中，对日本战时行为表示忏悔。
2005年8月15日
60周年纪念
“我国由于殖民统治和侵略给许多国家、特别是给亚洲各国人民带来了巨大的损害和痛苦。我谦虚地对待这一历史事实，谨此再次表示深刻的反省和由衷的歉意。”
——小泉纯一郎首相在纪念日本战败60周年的一份谈话中表示
小泉纯一郎的谈话，是在2005年春中国各地爆发反日示威活动之后做出的。
然而第二年，小泉纯一郎就在纪念日参拜了靖国神社。
1995年8月15日
50周年纪念
“为了避免未来有错误，我就谦虚地对待毫无疑问的这一历史事实，谨此再次表示深刻的反省和由衷的歉意。”
——村山富市(Tomiichi Murayama)首相在日本战败50周年时发表的谈话中说
观察家指出，村山富市使用的词语不仅仅包括代表“深切忏悔”的“反省”(hansei)，还包括“御诧”(owabi)，它被翻译为“由衷道歉”。
他还说：
“同时谨向在这段历史中受到灾难的所有国内外人士表示沉痛的哀悼。”
1993年8月4日
慰安妇问题调查
“我们不回避这样的历史事实，而是要正视这一历史教训。我们将通过历史研究和历史教育将这一问题永远铭刻于心。”
——时任内阁官房长官河野洋平就一份关于慰安妇问题的报告发表谈话说
该份报告中，日本政府承认在二次世界大战期间，其军方曾强迫亚洲和欧洲妇女在军队妓院里工作。
但安倍晋三有时会辩称，没有证据表明日军掳掠并强迫“慰安妇”从事性服务。
周五，安倍晋三说，日本“必须永远不能忘记在战区后方有一些妇女，她们的荣耀和尊严受到了严重的伤害”。对此他没有加以更加详细的阐述。
1992年10月23日
明仁天皇(Emperor Akihito)
“中日两国的关系源远流长，在一段不幸的时期里，我的国家给中国人带来了深重苦难，对此我深感痛心。”
——明仁天皇在北京人民大会堂的一场宴会上说
这是日本天皇首次到访中国。他的父亲裕仁天皇(Emperor Hirohito)在战争期间在位，于1989年逝世。
1972年9月25日
中日关系
“遗憾的是，过去几十年间，日中关系经历了不幸的过程。其间，我国给中国国民添了很大的麻烦，我对此再次表示深切的反省之意。”
——日本首相田中角荣(Kakuei Tanaka)在北京发表谈话，他没有向中国道歉
就在田中角荣发表上述谈话后不久，中日两国在1972年全面恢复外交关系。
田中角荣和中国总理周恩来于1972年9月29日签署的联合声明还提到了日本战时的行为：
“日本方面痛感日本国过去由于战争给中国人民造成的重大损害的责任，表示深刻的反省。”
1971年11月16日
裕仁天皇
“是的，对于发生的一些事情，我个人感到很抱歉。”
——裕仁天皇首次接受外国记者采访时如是说，《纽约时报》在1972年报道
在1975年对美国进行里程碑式的访问期间，裕仁天皇表示，“在我深感悲痛的那场不幸的战争之后，美国为日本重建伸出了充满善意的援助之手，对此，我愿意向美国人民表达谢意。”
裕仁天皇结束美国之行几周后接受采访时变得比较谨慎，他表示，“战争期间发生了很多事情，这是事实，但有很多人卷入这些事情或事件，因此我现在不会讨论这些事情。”
1945年8月15日
日本宣布战败
“至身负战伤、蒙受灾难及丧失家业者之福祉，乃朕之深切轸念之所。”
——裕仁天皇通过无线电广播宣布日本战败
他还表示：
“所以宣战于美英二国，实乃出于帝国之自存与东亚之安宁。至若排他国之主权、侵彼之领土行为，皆非朕之本意。”
翻译：土土、许欣
Japan’s Apologies for World War II
By THE NEW YORK TIMES August 16, 2015
In a speech on Friday, Prime Minister Shinzo Abe of Japan reiterated his support for past official apologies for the country’s imperial expansionism and said Japan “did inflict immeasurable damage and suffering” on “innocent people.”
But he added, “We must not let our children, grandchildren, and even further generations to come, who have nothing to do with that war, be predestined to apologize.”
Japan’s neighbors in Asia will be scrutinizing the speech and comparing it with the language used by his predecessors.
Mr. Abe noted that Japan has repeatedly expressed “deep remorse” and “heartfelt apology” for its actions during the war, adding that “such position articulated by the previous cabinets will remain unshakeable into the future.” But he did not offer a formal apology himself.
He also said Japan would never again resort to “aggression” and would abandon “colonial rule” forever, key phrases from past statements that diplomats and analysts were watching to see if he would repeat.
Here is a look at major statements on Japan’s war legacy by monarchs and senior officials since its defeat in 1945.
APRIL 29, 2015
Mr. Abe’s Words
“History is harsh. What is done cannot be undone.”
— Mr. Abe in a speech to a joint meeting of the United States Congress, the first such address by a Japanese prime minister
He also said:
“My dear friends, on behalf of Japan and the Japanese people, I offer with profound respect my eternal condolences to the souls of all American people that were lost during World War II. Our actions brought suffering to the peoples in Asian countries. We must not avert our eyes from that.”
Earlier in April, Shinzo Abe had expressed remorse for Japan’s war deeds at a conference in Bandung, Indonesia, where he also met President Xi Jinping of China. However, a day after their meeting, three of Mr. Abe’s cabinet ministers visited the contentious Yasukuni Shrine in Tokyo.
The shrine honors Japan’s war dead, including Class A war criminals enshrined there in 1978. For many in Japan’s onetime colonies, the shrine is a symbol of unrepentant militarism.
Last year, Mr. Abe was the first sitting head of government to pay his respects at the contentious shrine since a final official visit by his predecessor, Junichiro Koizumi, in 2006. In 2013, Mr. Abe broke with tradition by not expressing remorse for Japan's wartime actions in his annual speech on Aug. 15.
AUG. 15, 2005
The 60th Anniversary
“Our country has caused tremendous damage and pain to the peoples of many countries, especially Asian countries, through colonial rule and invasion. Humbly acknowledging such facts of history, I once again reflect most deeply and offer apologies from my heart.”
— Prime Minister Junichiro Koizumi in a statement commemorating the 60th anniversary of Japan’s defeat
Mr. Koizumi’s statement followed anti-Chinese demonstrations across China in spring 2005.
The following year, however, Mr. Koizumi used the anniversary to visit the Yasukuni Shrine.
AUG. 15, 1995
The 50th Anniversary
“In the hope that no such mistake be made in the future, I regard, in a spirit of humility, these irrefutable facts of history, and express here once again my feelings of deep remorse and state my heartfelt apology.”
— Prime Minister Tomiichi Murayama in a statementmarking the 50th anniversary of Japan's defeat
Observers noted that Mr. Murayama's statement not only included the word “hansei” for “deep remorse,” but also the “owabi,” which has been translated as "heartfelt apology.”
He also said:
“Allow me also to express my feelings of profound mourning for all victims, both at home and abroad, of that history.”
AUG. 4, 1993
Sex Slaves Inquiry
“We shall face squarely the historical facts as described above, instead of evading them, and take them to heart as lessons of history.”
— Yohei Kono, then chief cabinet secretary, in a statement on a report about wartime sex slavery
In the report, the Japanese government acknowledged that its military had forced Asian and European women to work in army brothels during World War II.
But Mr. Abe has at times argued there is no evidence that Japanese troops abducted and forced so-called “comfort women” into prostitution.
On Friday, Mr. Abe said that Japan "must never forget that there were women behind the battlefields whose honor and dignity were severely injured." He refrained from being more specific.
OCT. 23, 1992
Emperor Akihito
“In the long history of relationships between our two countries, there was an unfortunate period in which my country inflicted great suffering on the people of China. About this I feel deep sadness.”
— Emperor Akihito at a banquet in the Great Hall of the People in Beijing
The emperor’s visit was the first visit by a Japanese monarch to China. His father, Emperor Hirohito, who reigned during the war, had died in 1989.
SEPT. 25, 1972
Ties With China
“It is regrettable that for several decades in the past the relations between Japan and China had unfortunate experiences. During that time our country gave great troubles to the Chinese people, for which I once again make profound self-examination.”
— Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka in a speech in Beijing, in which he stopped short of apologizing to China
The address took place shortly before of the resumption of full diplomatic ties in 1972.
Japan’s wartime record was also ddressed in the joint communique signed by Mr. Tanaka and his Chinese counterpart, Zhou Enlai, on Sept. 29, 1972:
“The Japanese side is keenly aware of Japan’s responsibility by causing enormous damages in the past to the Chinese people through war and deeply reproaches itself.”
NOV. 16, 1971
Emperor Hirohito
“Yes, there are certain things which happened for which I feel personally sorry.”
— Emperor Hirohito in his first interview to foreign journalists, as reported in The Times in 1972
During his landmark visit to the United States in 1975, the emperor expressed his gratitude to “the people of the United States for the friendly hand of goodwill and assistance their great country accorded us for our postwar reconstruction, immediately following that most unfortunate war, which I deeply deplore.”
The emperor was more cautious in an interview a few weeks after his visit to the United States, when he said: “It is a fact that many things happened during the war, but there were many people involved in these things or events, so I would like to refrain from talking about these things at the present time.”
AUG. 15, 1945
Japan Declares Defeat
“The welfare of the wounded and the war sufferers and of those who have lost their home and livelihood is the object of our profound solicitude.”
— Emperor Hirohito’s radio broadcast, declaring Japan’s defeat
He also said:
“We declared war on America and Britain out of our sincere desire to insure Japan’s self-preservation and the stabilization of East Asia, it being far from our thought either to infringe upon the sovereignty of other nations or to embark upon territorial aggrandizement.”