2024年国民经济和社会发展计划报告(中英对照）

We promoted the circulation, trading, development, and utilization of data, accelerated the construction of data infrastructure, and pushed for breakthroughs in core data technologies. As we strengthened data security governance, the system of standards for data security was further improved, with growing capacity for ensuring security in 5G, the Industrial Internet, the Internet of Vehicles, and other new areas utilizing the internet.

五是经济金融重点领域风险稳步化解。支持地方因城施策调整优化房地产市场调控措施，出台首套房“认房不认贷”、降低首套房和二套房首付比例及二套房贷款利率下限、支持金融机构满足房企合理融资需求等政策措施，扎实推进保交楼工作。稳妥处置地方债务风险，加快化解存量隐性债务和偿还政府拖欠企业账款，坚决防止新增隐性债务。稳妥处置大型企业集团相关金融机构风险，分类处置高风险中小金融机构。

5) Risks in key economic and financial areas were steadily mitigated.

We supported local city-specific policies to adjust and improve measures on the regulation of the real estate market. Some of the new policies and measures introduced include: ensuring that a household whose family members do not own a property at a certain locality is eligible for the credit policy for first-time home buyers, regardless of whether it has previously applied for a housing loan; lowering the ratio of down payment for the first and second homes and the minimum interest rates for the second home loans; and supporting the efforts of financial institutions to meet the reasonable financing needs of real estate enterprises. We made solid progress in ensuring timely delivery of housing projects. We took prudent steps to address local government debt risk, accelerated efforts to resolve existing hidden debts and settle overdue payments owed by governments to enterprises, and resolutely prevented further cases of hidden debt. We properly handled the risks of financial institutions associated with large enterprise groups and dealt with high-risk small and medium financial institutions by type.

六是安全生产和防灾减灾救灾力度加大。压实安全生产主体责任，健全食品药品、工业产品、特种设备安全责任体系，开展重大事故隐患专项排查整治行动，优化实施安全生产考核巡查，高效开展灾害事故应急响应。有力应对京津冀和东北地区严重暴雨洪涝灾害、甘肃临夏州积石山县地震灾害，保障群众生活必需品供应，灾后恢复重建、重点防洪治理工程、城市排水防涝能力提升行动等扎实推进。

6) Greater efforts were made to ensure workplace safety and disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

We ensured that the primary responsibility for workplace safety was strictly fulfilled, and we improved the workplace safety responsibility systems for food, drugs, industrial products, and special equipment. A campaign was launched to identify and eliminate hidden hazards that could lead to major accidents, improvements were made regarding workplace safety evaluation and inspection, and emergency responses to disasters and accidents were efficiently carried out. We responded effectively to disasters including torrential rainstorms and floods in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and northeastern China and earthquakes in Jishishan County, Linxia Prefecture of Gansu. We made solid progress in guaranteeing the supply of daily necessities, promoting post-disaster recovery and reconstruction, developing key flood prevention projects, and enhancing urban flood prevention and drainage capacity.

（十一）切实办好民生实事，基本民生保障有力。落实以人民为中心的发展思想，加强重点群体就业帮扶，积极促进城乡居民增收，完善“一老一小”、教育、医疗等公共服务体系，推动人民生活水平持续提高。

11. We worked earnestly for the people’s benefit and ensured that their basic living needs were met.

Bearing in mind the people-centered development philosophy, we strengthened employment support for key groups, actively promoted increases in the incomes of urban and rural residents, and improved the public services system for elderly care and childcare, education, and healthcare, so as to raise the quality of life for our people.

一是就业优先政策落实落细。优化调整稳就业政策措施，出台支持企业稳岗拓岗政策，制定促进青年就业三年行动方案，实施高校毕业生等青年就业创业推进计划、就业服务攻坚行动、百万就业见习岗位募集计划，稳定事业单位和基层项目招聘规模，强化高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工以及就业困难人员等就业帮扶，实施专精特新中小企业就业创业扬帆计划。打造家门口就业服务站，推动公共就业服务下沉基层。推动返乡入乡创业，加大重点群体创业、技能培训等政策支持和配套设施建设力度。

1) The employment-first policy was effectively and thoroughly implemented.

We made improvements and readjustments to policies and measures for keeping employment stable. We introduced policies to help enterprises stabilize and expand payrolls and formulated a three-year action plan for promoting youth employment. We carried out a plan for encouraging college graduates and other young people to secure employment and start businesses, the youth employment promotion campaigns, and the program to provide at least 1 million internships. The size of recruitment for public institutions and primary-level projects was kept stable, and increased employment support was provided for college graduates, ex-service members, migrant workers, and people with difficulty in finding jobs. We implemented the program to boost employment and entrepreneurship for small and medium enterprises that apply special, sophisticated technologies to produce novel and unique products. Employment service stations were built in local neighborhoods, providing public employment services at the community level. We encouraged people to return or move to the countryside to start businesses and provided more policy and facility support to key groups in launching businesses and skill training.

二是城乡居民收入稳步提高。健全收入分配政策体系，全国居民人均可支配收入实际增长6.1%，城乡居民收入差距继续缩小。提高3岁以下婴幼儿照护、子女教育、赡养老人个人所得税专项附加扣除标准，延续全年一次性奖金单独计税、换购住房个人所得税退税等优惠政策。指导地方上调最低工资标准。退休人员基本养老金平均上调3.8%，提高城乡居民基础养老金最低标准。扎实推进共同富裕，支持浙江高质量发展建设共同富裕示范区。

2) The incomes of urban and rural residents increased steadily.

As the income distribution policy system improved, national per capita disposable income rose by 6.1% in real terms, and the income gap between urban and rural residents continued to narrow. We raised the thresholds for childcare expenses for children under the age of three, expenses on children’s education, and expenses on support for parents of senior age to be deductible against individual income tax. We extended preferential policies such as separate taxation for one-time yearly bonuses and individual income tax refund for qualified home buyers. We guided local governments in raising minimum wages. Basic pension payments for retirees were raised by 3.8% on average, and the minimum basic pension benefits for rural and non-working urban residents were raised. We took solid steps in promoting common prosperity and supported Zhejiang Province in pursuing high-quality development and building itself into a demonstration zone for common prosperity.

三是健康中国建设扎实推进。深入开展健康中国行动和爱国卫生运动。推动公立医院高质量发展，支持国家区域医疗中心、省级区域医疗中心、县级医院建设，促进优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局。完善疾控体系，提升公共卫生防控救治能力。落实新冠病毒感染“乙类乙管”措施，做好流感、支原体肺炎等传染病防治。优化全国药品和高值医用耗材集中带量采购政策。实施中医药振兴发展重大工程，促进中医药传承创新。

3) The Healthy China Initiative was steadily advanced.

We further advanced the Healthy China Initiative and patriotic health campaigns. We promoted the high-quality development of public hospitals and supported the construction of national- and provincial-level regional medical centers and county-level hospitals. More quality medical resources were made available and more evenly distributed among regions. We improved the disease prevention and control system and enhanced our public health capacity with regard to disease prevention, control, and treatment. We managed Covid-19 with measures against Class B infectious diseases and took effective measures on the prevention and treatment of flu, Mycoplasma pneumonia, and other infectious diseases. We improved policies for the bulk government procurement of medicines and high-value medical consumables. We implemented the major project to revitalize traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), which promoted the preservation and innovative development of TCM.

四是社会保障水平进一步提高。社会保险覆盖面稳步扩大，2023年末全国基本养老、失业、工伤保险参保人数分别达到10.66亿人、2.44亿人、3.02亿人。稳妥实施企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹，个人养老金制度试点先行工作取得积极成效。持续提升跨省异地就医结算服务，推进落实跨省异地就医结算政策，全年惠及群众就医1.3亿人次，减少群众垫付1536.7亿元。加快建设社会保险信用体系，推进社会保障卡应用。稳妥推进新就业形态就业人员职业伤害保障试点，截至2023年末累计731万人纳入职业伤害保障范围。稳步推进保障性租赁住房、公租房和棚改安置房等建设，超额完成年度任务。加强低收入人口动态监测，持续做好分层分类社会救助工作，专项救助范围扩大到低保边缘家庭和刚性支出困难家庭。保障失业人员等困难群体基本生活。

4) Social security services were further improved.

We expanded the coverage of social security programs, with participants in basic old-age, unemployment, and workers’ compensation insurance schemes reaching 1.066 billion, 244 million, and 302 million, respectively, nationwide by the end of 2023. We took prudent steps to bring basic old-age insurance funds for enterprise employees under unified national management, and trials of the private pension system delivered encouraging results.

We continued to improve services for on-the-spot settlement of cross-provincial medical bills by ensuring the implementation of this policy, covering 130 million hospital visits for the whole year and reducing patients’ advance payments by 153.67 billion yuan.

We accelerated the building of a social insurance credit system and promoted the use of social security cards. Trials of occupational injury insurance for people in new forms of employment were carried out in a prudent manner, with a total of 7.31 million people included in the insurance scheme by the end of 2023. We steadily promoted the construction of government-subsidized rental housing, public-rental housing, and housing for people affected by rebuilding initiatives in run-down urban areas, exceeding the targets for the year.

We strengthened ongoing monitoring for low-income groups, promoted social assistance of different types at different levels, and extended special assistance to include families just outside the margin of eligibility for subsistence allowances as well as those experiencing difficulties due to obligatory expenditures. We also ensured basic living standards for the unemployed and other groups in need.

五是公共服务体系持续完善。基本公共服务标准体系进一步健全，均等化水平持续提高。发布新版国家基本公共服务标准。推动义务教育优质均衡发展，强化义务教育薄弱环节建设，组织实施基础教育扩优提质行动计划、职业教育产教融合赋能提升行动、教育强国推进工程，加快完善教育基础设施条件。积极应对人口老龄化，出台实施发展银发经济增进老年人福祉的意见，加强基本养老服务体系建设，大力发展老年助餐服务。健全生育支持政策体系，建设48个地市级托育综合服务中心，支持社会力量发展普惠托育服务，开展国家儿童友好城市建设。建立基本殡葬服务体系，加强公益性殡葬设施建设。加强文化遗产保护传承，推动文化遗产系统性保护。推进长城、大运河、长征、黄河、长江国家文化公园建设。推进实施国家文化数字化战略。深入实施中华文明探源工程、“考古中国”重大项目，支持三星堆博物馆新馆、殷墟遗址博物馆、汉魏洛阳城遗址博物馆、景德镇国家陶瓷文化传承创新试验区建设。普洱景迈山古茶林文化景观成功列入《世界遗产名录》。构建更高水平全民健身公共服务体系，推动体育公园建设管理和开放利用，促进户外运动设施建设和服务提升。成功举办成都大运会、杭州亚运会和亚残运会。推动城市社区嵌入式服务设施建设，促进家政服务业提质扩容，支持引导家政服务业员工制转型发展，持续推动家政进社区。

5) The public services system was continuously refined.

The system of standards for basic public services was further improved, and access to basic public services became more equitable. A new edition of the national standards for basic public services was issued.

We promoted high-quality, balanced development of compulsory education, intensifying efforts to shore up weak links. We launched initiatives to expand the provision of quality basic education, promote integration between industry and vocational education, and build China into a leading country in education. We worked faster to improve infrastructure for education.

Taking a proactive approach to population aging, we issued and implemented the guidelines on developing the silver economy and improving the wellbeing of the elderly. We advanced development of the basic elderly care service system and promoted dedicated catering services for the elderly. We improved the policy system aiming to boost birth rates and built 48 prefectural- and city-level comprehensive childcare service centers. We encouraged private entities to develop public-benefit childcare services and continued to develop national-level child-friendly cities. We put in place a basic funeral service system and built more public-interest funeral service facilities.

We improved our work related to preserving and passing on Chinese cultural heritage, facilitating systematical preservation efforts. We advanced the construction of the Great Wall, Grand Canal, Long March, Yellow River, and Yangtze River national cultural parks. We made headway in implementing the national strategy for digital cultural development, the Chinese Civilization Origins Project, and major projects under the Chinese Archaeology program. We supported the construction of the new building at the Sanxingdui Museum, the Yinxu Site Museum, the Han and Wei Luoyang City Site Museum, and the Jingdezhen National Ceramic Cultural Inheritance and Innovation Experimental Zone. The Cultural Landscape of Old Tea Forests of the Jingmai Mountain in Pu’er was included in the World Heritage List.

We developed a higher-standard public services system for promoting general fitness and exercise. We promoted the construction, management, opening, and utilization of sports parks and improved facilities and services for outdoor activities. The 31st summer edition of the FISU World University Games in Chengdu and the 19th Asian Games and the 4th Asian Para Games in Hangzhou were a great success.

We facilitated the development of urban community-embedded service facilities, worked to raise the quality and expand the size of the domestic service sector, and supported and guided efforts to turn people working conditionally in this sector into full enterprise employees. All this helped ensure that communities have better access to domestic services.

2023年经济社会发展主要预期目标圆满完成，经济发展、社会民生等预期目标完成情况较好；创新驱动发展成效明显，研发经费投入强度、数字经济核心产业增加值占比持续提高；绿色低碳转型深入推进，非化石能源占比稳中有升，主要污染物排放量继续下降；民生福祉不断增进，城镇新增就业超额完成任务，居民收入增长快于经济增长，基本公共服务进一步加强；粮食安全保障有力，原油、天然气产量持续增长。受出口增速回落、房地产销售和投资收缩、部分行业产能过剩等影响，一些行业生产恢复不及预期，工业增长与预期目标有一定差距。工业和民用领域能源消费增长较快，导致能耗强度下降和碳强度下降不及预期。

Overall, the main projected targets for economic and social development in 2023 were fulfilled, and the projected targets for specific aspects, including economic growth and people’s wellbeing, were satisfactorily met. Notable progress was made in innovation-driven development, with continued increases in R&D spending and the added value of core digital economy industries as a proportion of GDP. The green and low-carbon transition moved forward, with the share of non-fossil energy in the total energy consumption rising steadily and the discharge of major pollutants continuing to reduce. The people’s wellbeing was further improved as more urban jobs were created than projected, personal income grew faster than the economy, and basic public services were further strengthened. Effective steps were taken to guarantee food security, and crude oil and natural gas outputs continued to grow. However, industrial growth fell short of projected targets as the recovery of some industries failed to meet projections on account of impacts from slowing export growth, decreasing sales and investments in the real estate market, overcapacity in some sectors, and other factors. Due to the rapid growth of industrial and civilian energy consumption, reductions in energy and carbon intensity also fell short of expectations.

过去一年，国际环境变乱交织，地缘政治冲突加剧，外部变化对我不利影响持续加大；国内周期性和结构性矛盾叠加，多地遭受洪涝等严重自然灾害，经济工作的复杂性挑战性多年少有。面对异常复杂的国际环境和艰巨繁重的国内改革发展稳定任务，我国经济社会发展取得上述成绩来之不易。这是以习近平同志为核心的党中央运筹帷幄、坚强领导的结果，是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想凝心铸魂、科学指引的结果，是各地区各部门勇于担当、实干笃行的结果，是全党全国各族人民团结一致、不懈奋斗的结果。在此过程中，全国人大实行正确监督、有效监督、依法监督，全国人大代表依法参加行使国家权力，对经济社会发展工作提出很多很好的意见建议；全国政协加强政治协商、民主监督、参政议政，全国政协委员积极建言献策，在推动落实党中央重大决策部署上发挥了重要作用。

Over the past year, as changes and turbulence swelled in the international landscape and geopolitical tensions intensified, the adverse effects of external changes on our country continued to grow. Domestically, cyclical problems interacted with structural ones. Many areas were hit by droughts, floods, or other severe natural disasters. All of these factors have brought complexities and challenges to our economic work rarely seen in years. Against the backdrop of an unusually complex international environment and the challenging tasks of promoting reform, development, and stability at home, our achievements in economic and social development were indeed not easily attained.

We owe these achievements to the strategic planning and strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the unifying wisdom and sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, the high sense of responsibility and solid actions of all regions and departments, and the concerted and relentless efforts of the whole Party and Chinese people of all ethnic groups.

In the process of overcoming these challenges, the NPC exercised oversight in an appropriate, effective, and law-based manner, and NPC deputies participated in the exercise of state power in accordance with the law, offering many constructive opinions and suggestions on social and economic development work. The CPPCC National Committee stepped up political consultation, democratic oversight, and participation in the deliberation and administration of state affairs, and their members actively contributed their views and suggestions, playing an important role in facilitating the implementation of major decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee.

同时也要看到，世界百年变局加速演进，世界经济增长仍未恢复至疫情前水平，全球贸易投资增长乏力，风险点和动荡源显著增多，外部环境复杂性、严峻性、不确定性明显上升。经历三年新冠疫情冲击，国内经济恢复发展本身有不少难题，长期积累的深层次矛盾加速显现，很多新情况新问题接踵而至，包括有效需求仍然不足，居民扩大消费能力不足、意愿不强，房地产投资持续承压，民间投资信心仍需提振，国际贸易限制和摩擦可能增加稳定出口的压力；实体经济困难较多，产业创新能力有待提升，关键核心技术“卡脖子”问题仍然突出，部分新兴领域存在重复布局和投资过热问题，部分行业、中小企业和个体工商户生产经营仍较困难；一些领域风险防范化解压力较大，部分地方债务、金融等风险隐患依然突出，房地产发展新模式建立还需要一个过程；民生保障存在短板弱项，稳就业压力较大，部分人员就业困难与部分岗位招工难并存，居民增收困难较多，基本公共服务均等化水平需持续提升；安全生产和防灾减灾形势不容乐观，部分地方防灾减灾能力建设存在短板弱项，防控重特大事故的压力较大。

At the same time, we should see that accelerated changes unseen in a century are spreading across the world. Global economic growth has yet to recover to pre-pandemic levels; international trade and investment are sluggish; and risks and sources of turbulence are notably increasing. All these have made our external environment noticeably more complex, grave, and uncertain.

In recovering from the three-year Covid-19 epidemic, our economy itself faces many difficulties. Deep-seated problems that have been building up for years are quickly becoming evident alongside a slew of new developments and new issues, which include the following: effective demand remains insufficient; people lack the financial ability and willingness to consume any further; real estate investments still face many challenges; the private sector lacks confidence in investing; and efforts to keep our export stable are likely to be placed under increased pressure from restrictions and frictions in international trade.

The real economy is facing multiple difficulties. Industrial innovation capacity needs to be elevated; bottlenecks in core technologies in key fields are still prominent; some emerging fields are fraught with redundancies and excessive investment; and small and medium enterprises, self-employed individuals, and some sectors are still experiencing difficulties in production and operation.

Preventing and defusing risks in certain fields remains a challenging task. Hidden risks, such as debt-related risks and financial risks, are still prominent in some localities, and it takes time to foster a new model of development for the real estate sector.

There are weak links in our work to ensure people’s wellbeing. The pressure in maintaining employment stable is mounting; problems of unemployment among certain groups coexist with difficulties in recruitment for some positions; there are many challenges in ensuring steady growth in personal income; and access to basic public services must be made more equitable.

The situation of workplace safety and disaster prevention and mitigation leaves us no room for optimism. Some localities lack the ability to effectively prevent and mitigate disasters, and there is considerable pressure in preventing and curbing serious and major accidents.

我们既要正视困难，更要坚定信心。从发展机遇看，求和平、谋发展仍然是世界各国人民的共同心愿，经济全球化仍是大势所趋，新一轮科技革命和产业变革正在重塑世界经济结构，全球政治经济格局调整中蕴藏着新的机遇，共建“一带一路”十年成果斐然，正在吸引越来越多国家深度参与，我国积极开展自贸协定谈判，参与世界贸易组织改革，在全球产业格局调整中抢抓机遇，有望不断拓展贸易投资合作空间。从有利条件看，我国具有显著的制度优势、超大规模市场的需求优势、产业体系完善的供给优势、高素质劳动者众多的人才优势，科技创新能力在持续提升，新产业、新模式、新动能在加快壮大，全面深化改革为发展注入新动力，宏观政策空间仍然较大，我国发展面临的有利条件强于不利因素，经济韧性强、潜力足、回旋余地广，支撑高质量发展的生产要素条件没有改变，经济回升向好、长期向好的基本趋势没有改变。

As we should face these difficulties head on, we should also maintain firm confidence. Regarding development opportunities, pursuing peace and development remains the common desire of the peoples of all countries; economic globalization is still the prevailing trend; a new round of scientific and technological revolution and industrial transformation are reshaping the global economic structure; changes in global political and economic landscapes are creating new opportunities; joint pursuit of the BRI has yielded remarkable outcomes in the past 10 years and become a magnet to more and more countries for in-depth participation; China actively engages in negotiations for free trade agreements and takes part in the reform of the WTO; and we are agile in grasping opportunities afforded by changes in the global industrial landscape and have a great prospect of further expanding trade and investment cooperation.

Regarding favorable conditions, China has notable institutional strengths as well as advantages in terms of demand, supply, and human resources given its vast market, full-fledged industrial system, and large quality workforce; our capacity for scientific and technological innovation keeps getting stronger; new industries, new models, and new drivers are developing at a faster pace; our efforts to deepen reform inject new vitality into development; we still have adequate macro policy space; there are more favorable development conditions than unfavorable ones; our economy shows great resilience, potential, and ample room for maneuver; the necessary production factors for high-quality development still exist as before; and the underlying trends of economic recovery and long-term growth remain unchanged.

最为重要的是，我们有以习近平同志为核心的党中央的坚强领导，有习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的科学指引，有集中力量办大事的中国特色社会主义制度优势，全国上下贯彻落实习近平经济思想和党中央各项决策部署的自觉性、主动性、创造性进一步提高，干事创业的精气神进一步激发，将为推动高质量发展提供坚强保障。只要我们坚决贯彻落实党中央、国务院决策部署，善于在应对国际环境变化带来的风险挑战中趋利避害、化危为机，善于在复杂局面中把握主要矛盾和矛盾的主要方面，解决好发展中的“两难”、“多难”问题，就始终能够营造于我有利的发展环境，始终在激烈的国际竞争中立于不败之地，推动中国经济稳中有进、行稳致远。

More importantly, we have the strong leadership of the CPC Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, the sound guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and the strength of the system of socialism with Chinese characteristics in pooling resources to accomplish major tasks. The Chinese people are more self-motivated, proactive, and creative than ever in implementing Xi Jinping Thought on the Economy and the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee, and we are more dedicated and enterprising in our undertakings than ever. All this will provide a firm basis for advancing high-quality development.

We must resolutely implement the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council. We must draw on our strengths and seize opportunities even in times of crisis while avoiding potential pitfalls in the face of risks and challenges brought about by changes in the international environment. We must grasp the principal contradictions and the main aspects of these contradictions in complex situations to solve the various dilemmas in advancing development. So long as we continue doing so, we will be able to create an environment favorable to our country’s development, stay competitive amid fierce international competition, and maintain steady and sustained economic growth.

二、2024年经济社会发展总体要求、主要目标和政策取向

II. Overall Requirements, Main Objectives, and Policy Orientations for Economic and Social Development in 2024

2024年是中华人民共和国成立75周年，是实现“十四五”规划目标任务的关键一年，做好经济社会发展工作意义重大。

This year marks the 75th anniversary of the People’s Republic of China. It is also a crucial year for achieving the objectives and tasks set in the 14th Five-Year Plan (2021-2025). It is highly important that we deliver in promoting economic and social development.

（一）总体要求。

1. Overall Requirements

要在以习近平同志为核心的党中央坚强领导下，以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，按照中央经济工作会议部署，坚持稳中求进工作总基调，完整、准确、全面贯彻新发展理念，加快构建新发展格局，着力推动高质量发展，全面深化改革开放，推动高水平科技自立自强，加大宏观调控力度，统筹扩大内需和深化供给侧结构性改革，统筹新型城镇化和乡村全面振兴，统筹高质量发展和高水平安全，切实增强经济活力、防范化解风险、改善社会预期，巩固和增强经济回升向好态势，持续推动经济实现质的有效提升和量的合理增长，增进民生福祉，保持社会稳定，以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业。

We must, under the strong leadership of the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Party Central Committee, and act on the guidelines of the Central Economic Work Conference.

We must adhere to the general principle of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, fully and faithfully apply the new development philosophy on all fronts, move faster to create a new pattern of development, and promote high-quality development.

We need to deepen reform and opening up on all fronts and achieve greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology. We need to strengthen macro regulation, make coordinated efforts to expand domestic demand and deepen supply-side structural reform, promote new urbanization and all-around rural revitalization in a coordinated way, and ensure both high-quality development and greater security.

We need to make solid progress in boosting economic vitality, preventing and defusing risks, and improving public expectations. We need to consolidate and build momentum for economic recovery and growth, continue to effectively pursue higher-quality economic growth while appropriately increasing economic output, improve the people’s wellbeing, and maintain overall social stability.

With all this, we will make further progress in building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

（二）主要预期目标。

2.Main Objectives

深刻把握发展机遇和有利条件，充分估计内外部环境的复杂严峻性和不确定性，与“十四五”规划目标任务有效衔接，在综合平衡基础上兼顾需要与可能，提出2024年经济社会发展主要预期目标。

Taking into full consideration the opportunities and favorable conditions for development and the complicated, grave, and uncertain environments at home and abroad, bearing in mind the objectives and tasks set in the 14th Five-Year Plan, and balancing what is necessary with what is possible, we have set the following main objectives for economic and social development in 2024.

——国内生产总值增长5%左右。主要考虑：从客观需要看，我国仍是发展中国家，正处于全面建设社会主义现代化国家的关键时期，有效应对外部环境变化挑战，在发展中破解各种矛盾问题，调整优化经济结构、稳定和扩大就业、增加居民收入、防范化解重点领域风险、增强发展信心，都需要保持一定的经济增长速度。从目标衔接看，这个目标兼顾当前和长远，符合“十四五”规划目标要求，着眼到2035年基本实现社会主义现代化目标任务，也有利于加快经济结构优化、产业结构调整。从支撑条件看，这个目标同经济增长潜力基本匹配，资源要素条件可支撑，也具备宏观调控政策空间。同时，我国经济持续回升向好还面临不少困难和挑战，实现这一目标并非易事，需要我们共同努力。

GDP growth of around 5%

First, China is still a developing country in a crucial period for building a modern socialist country in all respects. It must maintain a reasonable economic growth rate in order to effectively respond to changes and challenges in the external environment, resolve problems through development, improve its economic structure, stabilize and expand employment, increase incomes, prevent and defuse risks in key fields, and boost confidence in development.

Second, this target balances present need with long-term interests. It is well aligned with the objectives of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the goal of basically realizing socialist modernization by 2035, and it is also conducive to accelerating economic structural improvement and industrial restructuring.

Third, this target is consistent with the growth potential of the Chinese economy and with the resources and production factors we have on hand, and it also gives us room to maneuver in macro regulation. China still faces many difficulties and challenges despite the continuing recovery of its economy. To achieve this target will not be easy; we must work hard with concerted efforts.

——城镇新增就业1200万人以上，全国城镇调查失业率5.5%左右。关于城镇新增就业：主要考虑是，2024年新成长劳动力规模仍然较大，农村劳动力转移等就业结构调整也需要新的就业岗位，城镇新增就业目标由2023年的“1200万人左右”调整为2024年的“1200万人以上”，既是稳就业、调结构、增信心的客观要求，又体现了稳就业工作的力度和决心。关于城镇调查失业率：主要考虑是，在2024年经济运行风险挑战增多、重点人群就业压力较大的情况下，将预期目标稳定在5.5%左右，体现了就业优先的政策导向。

More than 12 million new urban jobs and a surveyed urban unemployment rate of about 5.5%

This year, there will continue to be a large number of new entrants to the urban workforce, and the migration of rural labor to urban areas and other adjustments in the employment structure also require more jobs. Raising the target of new urban jobs from “about 12 million” in 2023 to “more than 12 million” in 2024 is a must to stabilize employment, make structural adjustment, and bolster public confidence. It also shows our effort and determination to stabilize employment.

While risks and challenges in economic operations will be on the rise and employment for key groups will remain a big challenge in 2024, a projected target of 5.5% for surveyed urban unemployment rate demonstrates our employment-first policy priority.

——居民消费价格（CPI）涨幅3%左右。主要考虑：综合分析2023年价格变动的翘尾影响和2024年新涨价因素，预计2024年居民消费价格将温和上涨。这一预期目标与2023年预期目标保持一致，符合物价企稳回升的总体趋势，并为加大宏观政策调控力度和深化价格改革留有一定余地。

CPI increase of around 3%

Given the carryover effect on prices from 2023 and the new inflationary factors in 2024, China is likely to face a moderate rise in CPI this year. This year’s projected CPI increase is thus set to be the same as last year. This target reflects the general trend of prices stabilizing and beginning to rise and also gives us leeway to tighten macro regulation and further price reforms.

——居民人均可支配收入增长与经济增长同步。主要考虑：这一预期目标比2023年“基本同步”的提法更为积极，进一步体现了增加居民收入的政策导向。随着经济持续回升向好，扩大中等收入群体、增加低收入群体收入等政策进一步加力，实现这一目标既有支撑，也需要付出努力，在实际工作中力争更好结果。

Growth in per capita disposable income in step with economic growth

This goal is more ambitious than that of last year, which was set to be “basically in step with economic growth.” It demonstrates our policy priority of increasing people’s incomes. With the economy’s continuing recovery and growth and the implementation of stronger policies to expand the middle-income group and increase the earnings of low-income people, this goal is attainable, but it will require hard effort. While setting this goal, we will strive for better results in real work.

——国际收支保持基本平衡。主要考虑：世界经济增长动能不足，地缘风险扰动增强，保护主义有所上升，稳外贸稳外资面临新挑战。同时，我国持续扩大高水平对外开放，全产业链和超大规模市场优势持续显现，与共建“一带一路”国家、区域全面经济伙伴关系协定成员国、自贸协定伙伴国等多双边经贸合作关系持续强化，跨境电商等新业态加快发展，重点领域吸引和利用外资力度加大，都将有利于稳定外贸外资。

A basic equilibrium in the balance of payments

At present, global economic growth lacks momentum, geopolitical risks cause wider disruption, and protectionism is on the rise. China faces new difficulties in stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment.

At the same time, China continues to expand its high-standard opening up; its enormous market and complete industrial chains give it increasingly greater strengths; its bilateral and multilateral economic and trade cooperation with BRI participating countries, RCEP member countries, and free trade agreement partner countries continues to increase; new forms of foreign trade such as cross-border e-commerce are gathering pace; and stronger efforts are being made to attract and utilize foreign investment in key fields. All of these factors are conducive to stabilizing foreign trade and foreign investment.

——粮食产量1.3万亿斤以上。主要考虑：为夯实粮食安全基础，粮食产量目标需要保持稳定。同时，随着深入推进粮食等主要作物大面积单产提升，以及高标准农田建设加快、农业防灾减灾救灾能力提升、节粮减损等工作持续推进，粮食综合生产能力将稳中有升。

Grain output above 650 million metric tons

The target for grain output needs to remain stable in order to consolidate the foundations for food security. With the implementation of measures to increase the per unit yield of major grain crops on large tracts of land, accelerate the development of high-standard cropland, better prevent, mitigate, and relieve natural disasters, and save grain and reduce grain loss, China’s overall grain production capacity is expected to grow steadily.

——单位国内生产总值能耗下降2.5%左右，生态环境质量持续改善。主要考虑：2024年经济持续回升向好，服务业回归正常发展态势，单位国内生产总值能耗降幅有望扩大，但工业用能、居民生活用能仍将刚性增长，带动能源消费增长。综合考虑经济发展用能、可再生能源替代和绿色低碳转型需要，将2024年目标设定为下降2.5%左右。

A drop of around 2.5% in energy consumption per unit of GDP and steady improvement in the quality of the environment

This year, as the economy continues to recover and grow and the service sector resumes its normal pace of growth, a bigger drop can be expected in energy consumption per unit of GDP. However, energy use in industry and homes will inevitably grow and result in increase in energy consumption. After considering energy consumption in economic development, renewable energy substitution, and the need to make a green and low-carbon transition, we have set the goal of reducing energy consumption per unit of GDP by around 2.5%.

（三）主要宏观政策取向。

3.Major Macro Policy Orientations

要坚持稳中求进、以进促稳、先立后破。稳是大局和基础，要多出有利于稳预期、稳增长、稳就业的政策，谨慎出台收缩性抑制性举措，继续清理和废止有悖于高质量发展的政策规定。进是方向和动力，要有力进取，该立的要积极主动立起来，该破的要在立的基础上坚决破，特别是要在转方式、调结构、提质量、增效益上积极进取，不断巩固稳中向好的基础。要强化宏观政策逆周期和跨周期调节，继续实施积极的财政政策和稳健的货币政策，加强财政、货币、就业、产业、区域、科技、环保等政策协调配合，强化政策工具创新，形成推动高质量发展的强大合力。

We must adhere to the principles of pursuing progress while ensuring stability, promoting stability through progress, and establishing the new before discarding the old.

Stability is of overall importance, as it is the basis for everything we do. We should adopt more policies that are conducive to keeping expectations, economic growth, and employment stable, proceed with caution when it comes to measures that could be contractionary or inhibitive in nature, and overhaul or abolish policies and regulations that hinder high-quality development.

Making progress is our goal, and it is also what motivates us. Therefore, we should proactively establish what is needed and resolutely abolish what is obsolete once the new is in place. In particular, we must push ahead with transforming the growth model, making structural adjustments, improving quality, and increasing returns, in order to continuously consolidate the fundamentals underlying steady economic growth.

We should intensify counter- and cross-cyclical adjustments through macro policies, continue to implement a proactive fiscal policy and a prudent monetary policy, and strengthen coordination between fiscal, monetary, employment, industrial, regional, science and technology, and environmental policies while developing new policy instruments, in order to create synergy for high-quality development.

积极的财政政策要适度加力、提质增效。用好财政政策空间，提高资金效益和政策实际效果。更加突出精准发力，优化财政支出结构，强化国家重大战略任务和基本民生财力保障。2024年赤字率按3%安排，与2023年年初预算持平；赤字规模4.06万亿元，比2023年年初预算增加1800亿元，新增赤字全部安排在中央。安排新增地方政府专项债券3.9万亿元，规模比2023年增加1000亿元。优化地方政府专项债券投向和额度分配，新增额度重点向项目准备充分、投资效率较高的地区倾斜，进一步扩大专项债券支持范围，合理扩大专项债券用作资本金领域，更好发挥撬动作用。为系统解决强国建设、民族复兴进程中一些重大项目建设的资金问题，从2024年开始拟连续几年发行超长期特别国债，专项用于国家重大战略实施和重点领域安全能力建设，2024年先发行1万亿元。落实好结构性减税降费政策，重点支持科技创新和制造业发展。合理确定中央对地方转移支付规模，优化转移支付结构，严格转移支付资金监管。严肃财经纪律。兜牢基层“三保”底线。党政机关要坚持过紧日子。

Pursuing a proactive fiscal policy with greater intensity as called for and improving its performance

We will leverage fiscal policy scope and ensure funds are used efficiently and policies produce desirable results. We will take more targeted measures and improve the spending structure to better support major national strategic tasks and efforts to meet the people’s basic living needs. The deficit-to-GDP ratio for 2024 has been set at 3%, the same as that of last year. The government deficit is set at 4.06 trillion yuan, an increase of 180 billion yuan over the 2023 budget, and this increase will all be arranged at the level of the central government.

Special-purpose bonds for local governments have been set at 3.9 trillion yuan, an increase of 100 billion yuan over 2023. The allocation of these bonds will be improved to ensure that the increase goes mainly to localities with an adequate stock of projects and relatively high efficiency of investment. The use of these bonds will be expanded as appropriate to more areas and to more projects in which they can serve as capital, in order to stimulate investment.

To systematically address fund shortages facing some major projects that serve the purpose of building a great country and advancing national rejuvenation, starting this year and over each of the next several years, ultra-long-term special-purpose treasury bonds will be issued. They will be used to finance major national strategies and build up security capacity in key fields. One trillion yuan of such bonds will be issued in 2024.

We will ensure that the policy of structural tax and fee cuts is fully implemented to support scientific and technological innovation and the manufacturing sector. The central government’s transfer payments to local governments will be determined as appropriate, the structure of such payments will be improved, and their use will be placed under strict supervision. We must tighten financial and economic discipline. We will ensure governments at the primary level have the resources they need to meet the people’s basic living needs, pay salaries, and maintain normal government functions. Party and government bodies must economize where possible.

稳健的货币政策要灵活适度、精准有效。保持流动性合理充裕，2024年保持社会融资规模、广义货币供应量（M₂）同经济增长和价格水平预期目标相匹配，更好满足实体经济发展需要。推动货币信贷合理增长，按照市场化、法治化原则满足实体经济有效贷款需求。发挥好货币政策工具总量和结构双重功能，引导金融机构加大对重大战略、重点领域和薄弱环节的支持力度。进一步完善市场化利率形成和传导机制，促进社会综合融资成本稳中有降。大力发展科技金融、绿色金融、普惠金融、养老金融、数字金融。畅通货币政策传导机制，提高资金使用效率，避免资金沉淀空转。增强资本市场内在稳定性。保持人民币汇率在合理均衡水平上的基本稳定。

Implementing a prudent monetary policy in a flexible, appropriate, targeted, and effective way

We will maintain adequate liquidity at a proper level and ensure increases in aggregate financing and M2 money supply are in step with the projected economic growth and CPI increase, in order to better meet the needs of the real economy. We will ensure reasonable growth in the supply of money and credit and meet the financing demands of the real economy through market- and law-based means.

We will use monetary policy tools to adjust both the monetary aggregate and structure and guide financial institutions to step up support for major strategies, key areas, and weak links. We will refine the market-based mechanism for setting and transmitting interest rates and work toward steady drops in overall financing costs.

We will boost the development of technology finance, green finance, inclusive finance, pension finance, and digital finance. We will improve the monetary policy transmission mechanism, make more efficient use of funds, and prevent funds from sitting idle or simply circulating within the financial sector. We will see that the underlying stability of the capital market is enhanced and the RMB exchange rate remains generally stable at an adaptive, balanced level.

增强宏观政策取向一致性。把经济政策和非经济性政策一并纳入宏观政策取向一致性评估，强化评估要求、明确评估范围、完善评估流程，加强政策统筹，确保同向发力、形成合力。制定政策要注重与市场沟通，科学把握出台时机，打好提前量、留出冗余度，让经营主体有适应和调整的空间。加强政策预研储备，及时充实政策储备工具箱。健全宏观经济政策协调机制，提高宏观调控的前瞻性、针对性、协同性。更好发挥国家发展规划战略导向作用，加力推动“十四五”规划后半程实施，前瞻谋划“十五五”时期经济社会发展思路，加快推进制定国家发展规划法。

Enhancing the consistency of macro policy orientation

We will include both economic and non-economic policies in the orientation consistency evaluation of macro policies. We will set strict requirements, define a clear scope, and establish proper procedures. With this, we can strengthen policy coordination to see that all our policies are well-aligned and create synergy.

When making policies, we should communicate well with the market and roll out policies at the right time to leave some leeway for market entities to accommodate and adjust. We will strengthen preparatory research to build up policy reserves and enrich our policy tool kit. We will improve the mechanism for macroeconomic policy coordination and make our macro regulation more forward-looking, targeted, and coordinated. Giving better play to the guiding role of national development plans, in the second half of the 14th Five-Year Plan period we will redouble efforts to advance its implementation and also give forward-looking considerations to economic and social development in the 15th Five-Year Plan period. We will work faster toward legislation on national development planning.

加强经济宣传和舆论引导。强化预期管理，密切关注经济运行动态，深入了解微观主体感受，积极回应社会关切，精准做好经济形势和政策宣传解读，有效开展热点问题引导，讲好中国经济发展故事，营造稳定透明可预期的政策环境，为经济持续回升向好提供有效支撑。

Improving communications and public opinion guidance concerning the economy

We will enhance expectations management and closely monitor developments in economic performance. We will ensure a deep understanding of how micro entities feel, proactively respond to people’s concerns, offer clear and precise explanations about the economic situation and policies, and effectively guide public opinion on hotspot issues. We will well tell China’s story of economic development, create a stable, transparent, and predictable policy environment, and provide effective support for the continuing recovery and growth of the economy.

三、2024年国民经济和社会发展计划的主要任务

III. Major Tasks for Economic and Social Development in 2024

2024年，要认真贯彻落实中央经济工作会议精神和全国“两会”部署，重点做好十方面工作。

In the year ahead, we will act on the guidelines of the Central Economic Work Conference and implement plans adopted at the 2024 sessions of the NPC and the CPPCC National Committee. Our focus will be on the following 10 areas.

（一）以科技创新引领现代化产业体系建设，加快形成新质生产力。全面推进高水平科技自立自强，完善支持全面创新的基础制度，大力推进新型工业化，加快推进关键核心技术攻关，促进创新链和产业链协同联动，以科技创新推动产业创新，培育壮大发展新动能新优势，不断提高全要素生产率。

1.Using scientific and technological innovation to lead the modernization of the industrial system and moving faster to develop new quality productive forces

We will work comprehensively toward greater self-reliance and strength in science and technology and improve the foundational system for all-around innovation. We will vigorously advance new industrialization, make faster breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields, promote coordination between innovation chains and industrial chains, and drive forward industrial innovation through technological innovation. We will foster and expand new growth drivers and new strengths and keep raising total factor productivity.

一是提升科技创新能力。强化基础研究前瞻性、战略性、系统性布局，长期稳定支持一批创新基地、优势团队和重点方向，增强原始创新能力。瞄准产业发展需要，部署实施一批国家重大科技项目，集成国家战略科技力量、社会创新资源协同攻关，实施基础学科突破计划，加强颠覆性技术、前沿技术研究和应用基础研究。完善国家实验室运行管理机制。发挥国际科技创新中心辐射带动作用，加强北京、上海、粤港澳大湾区国际科技创新中心和高水平人才高地建设，优化和推进区域科技创新中心布局。统筹布局创新类设施和平台，打造科技创新引领产业创新的高地。在优势地区布局清洁能源、储能、高原科学、农业等国家级科研平台。推动国家高新区和自主创新示范区高质量发展。加快建立完善产业需求引领的创新体系，构建产学研用高效协同、上下游紧密合作的创新联合体，探索加快推进创新产品中试的新机制，提高科技成果转化和产业化水平。加强健康、养老、助残等民生科技研发应用。强化企业科技创新主体地位，支持企业承担国家科技重大项目，引导支持企业加大研发投入特别是基础研究经费投入。深入推进科研院所改革。推动国家科研机构、高校和各类创新平台强化科技资源开放共享。健全“揭榜挂帅”机制。统筹规范政府投资基金，带动更多社会资源服务科技创新。加强科技政策统筹，推动教育、科技、人才一体发展，积极推进人才国际交流。全面提升知识产权创造、运用、保护、管理和服务水平，实施专利转化运用专项行动。推动科学普及和全民科学素养提升。

1)We will improve our capacity for scientific and technological innovation.

We will strengthen forward-looking, strategic, and systematic planning for basic research, provide long-term, stable support for a number of innovation centers, teams with competitive strengths, and priority areas, and improve our capacity for original innovation. To meet the needs of industrial development, we will deploy and implement a number of major national science and technology projects, bring together national strategic scientific and technological forces and private-sector innovation resources to make key technological breakthroughs, implement basic discipline breakthrough plans, and step up research on disruptive and frontier technologies and applied basic research. We will improve the national laboratories operation and management system.

We will give full play to the role of our international centers for scientific and technological innovation in leading innovation and channel greater energy into building Beijing, Shanghai, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area into such centers and hubs for high-performing talent. We will continue to optimize the distribution of regional scientific and technological innovation centers. We will make coordinated plans for the distribution of innovation facilities and platforms to build pacesetters that drive industrial innovation with technological innovation. In regions with favorable conditions, we will make plans for national platforms for research in clean energy, energy storage, plateau science, and agriculture. We will promote high-quality development of national new- and high-tech development zones and innovation demonstration areas.

We will work faster to develop a sound innovation system led by industrial demand and establish innovation consortia that enable efficient coordination between enterprises, universities, research institutes, and users and closer collaboration between upstream and downstream enterprises. We will explore new mechanisms for accelerating the pilot-scale testing of innovative products and boost the application and industrialization of scientific and technological advances. We will step up R&D and application of technologies that improve quality of life, such as those concerning people’s health and care for senior citizens and people with disabilities.

We will reinforce the principal role of enterprises in technological innovation, support them in undertaking major national science and technology programs, and guide and support them to increase their R&D input, especially their spending on basic research. We will push forward the reform of research institutes. We will encourage national research institutions, universities, and all types of innovation platforms to increase openness and sharing of their scientific and technological resources. We will improve the mechanism for selecting the best candidates to undertake key research projects. We will coordinate and regulate the use of government investment and stimulate more private-sector resources to contribute to technological innovation.

We will better coordinate scientific and technological policies and promote integrated development of education, science and technology, and human resources. We will increase international personnel exchanges. We will improve intellectual property creation, application, protection, management, and services and continue with the initiative to promote patent application. We will help people learn more about science and raise scientific literacy among the general public.

二是加快传统产业转型发展和优化升级。完善国家先进制造业集群布局。创建国家新型工业化示范区。制定实施重点制造业提质降本扩量行动方案。实施制造业核心竞争力提升行动、技术改造升级工程，夯实底层技术，推广应用先进技术工艺，推动工业重点领域节能降碳和智能化升级，提升制造业高端化、智能化、绿色化水平。开展制造业“增品种、提品质、创品牌”行动，打造更多有国际影响力的“中国制造”品牌。建设重大中试项目和区域中试中心。健全市场化法治化化解过剩产能长效机制，依法依规淘汰落后产能。

2)We will accelerate the transformation and upgrading of traditional industries.

We will improve the layout of national advanced manufacturing clusters and establish national-level new industrialization demonstration areas. We will formulate and implement an action plan for upgrading quality, lowering costs, and expanding capacity in key manufacturing industries. We will carry out initiatives to enhance core competitiveness and promote technological transformation and upgrading in manufacturing. We will consolidate our abilities in underlying technologies, promote wide use of advanced technologies and processes, encourage energy conservation, carbon reduction, and intelligent upgrading in key industrial areas, and move the manufacturing sector toward higher-end, smarter, and greener production.

Through the initiative to increase the variety and quality of products and build domestic brands in the manufacturing sector, we will create more Chinese brands with global prestige. We will develop major projects and regional centers for pilot-scale testing. We will improve the long-term mechanisms for easing production overcapacity through lawful and market-based means and eliminate outdated capacity in accordance with the law and regulations.

三是积极培育发展新兴产业和未来产业。启动实施产业创新工程。深入实施国家战略性新兴产业集群发展工程，加强产业集群核心承载区和公共服务体等建设，强化东中西部产业集群协同联动。推动新能源汽车企业做优做强，巩固扩大新能源汽车、信息通讯等产业优势。打造生物制造、商业航天、新材料、低空经济等新增长引擎，加快重点产品创新和应用示范，全链条支持创新药发展，加快高端医疗器械研制及示范应用，推进北斗规模应用和卫星互联网建设应用，加快建设商业航天发射场，制定新材料创新发展行动方案，加快发展高纯稀土金属、高性能稀土永磁、高性能抛光等高端稀土功能材料，开展低空经济试点，完善发展制度，培育应用场景。制定未来产业发展规划和支持政策。开辟量子技术、生命科学等新赛道。开展“人工智能+”行动，有序赋能重点领域，加快重塑产业生态。加快推动氢能等未来能源产业创新发展，持续推进核聚变等前沿技术研究开发。优化产业投资基金功能，出台促进创业投资发展的具体政策。

3)We will foster emerging and future industries.

We will launch industrial innovation programs. We will implement the project to develop national strategic emerging industry clusters, step up the development of the core bearing areas of industrial clusters and relevant public service providers, and better coordinate industrial clusters in the eastern, central, and western regions.

We will encourage NEV enterprises to perform better and grow stronger, and we will build on and expand our country’s strengths in NEV, information and communications, and other industries. We will foster new drivers of growth such as biomanufacturing, commercial spaceflight, new materials, and the low-altitude economy and speed up innovation and application demonstration of key products. We will support the development of the entire chain of innovative drugs and accelerate the research, production, demonstration, and application of high-end medical equipment. We will advance large-scale application of the BeiDou Navigation Satellite System and the development and application of satellite internet and act faster to build commercial space launch sites. We will formulate an action plan for the innovative development of new materials and accelerate the development of high-end rare earth functional materials such as high-purity rare earth metals, high-performance rare earth permanent magnets, and high-performance polishing materials. We will conduct trials for developing the low-altitude economy, improve development systems, and foster application scenarios.

We will formulate plans and supporting policies for the development of future industries and open up new arenas such as quantum technology and life sciences. We will carry out the “AI +” initiative to empower key areas in an orderly way and reshape industrial ecosystems more rapidly. We will accelerate the innovative development of hydrogen and other future energy industries and make continued progress in the R&D of frontier technologies like nuclear fusion. We will optimize the functions of industrial investment funds and release concrete policies to promote the development of venture capital investment.

四是促进数字技术与实体经济深度融合。有序开发利用数据要素，加快完善数据产权、流通交易、收益分配、安全治理等制度规则，制定支持数字经济高质量发展政策措施。适度超前布局建设数字基础设施。统筹提升“东数西算”整体效能，优化数据中心建设布局和供给结构，加快形成全国一体化算力体系，培育算力产业生态，提升多元算力综合供给，提高西部地区算力利用水平。实施“数据要素×”行动计划。协同推进数字产业化和产业数字化，组织实施数字化转型工程，持续实施制造业数字化转型行动方案，打造具有国际竞争力的数字产业集群。开展全国数据资源调查，加强数据要素应用场景指引，推进公共数据资源管理和运营机制改革，加快公共数据授权运营试点和应用示范，推动建立企业数据公平授权合理使用机制。深化数据要素市场化配置改革。持续推进数据跨境流动试点，积极参与制定国际数字治理规则。

4)We will promote further integration of digital technology into the real economy.

We will develop and utilize data as a factor of production in an orderly way, work faster to improve the systems and rules for data concerning its property rights, circulation, transaction, gains distribution, and security governance, and formulate policies and measures for the high-quality development of the digital economy. We will make forward-looking plans for building digital infrastructure. We will make coordinated efforts to improve the overall performance of the Eastern Data-Western Computing Project and optimize the distribution and supply structure of data centers. With this, we can accelerate the development of a national integrated computing system, develop industrial ecosystems for computing, provide comprehensive, diversified supply of computing capacity, and make better use of computing capacity in the western region. We will implement the “Data ×” initiative to unleash the multiplier effect of data.

We will make coordinated progress in digital industrialization and industrial digitalization, implement digital transformation projects, continue with the digital transformation action plan for manufacturing, and foster internationally competitive digital industry clusters.

We will conduct a national data resources survey and provide better guidance for data application scenarios. We will further reform the management and operation mechanisms for public data resources, accelerate authorized operation trials and application demonstrations for public data, and encourage the establishment of mechanisms for using enterprise data through equitable authorization. We will deepen reform to facilitate market-based allocation of data. We will continue with the trials of cross-border data flow and actively participate in the creation of international rules on digital governance.

五是推动现代服务业加快发展。促进服务业品质化、数字化、融合化、绿色化、国际化发展，开展服务业融合发展行动，引导生产性服务业向专业化和价值链高端延伸，促进生活性服务业向高品质和多样化升级。制定有效降低全社会物流成本行动方案，布局建设覆盖全球、安全可靠、高效畅通的现代流通网络，启动第三批国家综合货运枢纽补链强链城市建设，支持发展多式联运“一单制”、“一箱制”。深化服务业高水平对外开放，提高跨境服务贸易开放水平。

5)We will spur the development of modern services.

We will promote higher-quality, digital, integrated, eco-friendly, and internationalized development of service industries. We will carry out the initiative to facilitate integrated development of services, guide producer services to become more specialized and move toward the higher end of the value chain, and encourage the upgrading and diversification of consumer services.

We will formulate an action plan to reduce logistics costs across society and develop a modern, global distribution network that is secure, reliable, smooth, and highly efficient. We will launch the construction of the third group of national comprehensive freight hub cities and support them in shoring up weak links, while also supporting the development of the multimodal transportation system that uses a single bill of lading and eliminates the need for container changes. We will deepen the high-standard opening up of the service sector and expand cross-border trade in services.

六是加快建设现代化基础设施体系。优化基础设施布局、结构、功能和系统集成，以联网、补网、强链为重点，畅通国家基础设施网络主骨架，促进高效衔接、协同联动，更好发挥基础设施体系的整体效能和综合效益。加快建设国家综合立体交通网。高质量推进川藏铁路、西部陆海新通道等重大工程建设，加快推动中西部铁路和高速铁路主通道建设，推进货运铁路建设，加强重点港口铁路专用线建设，规范有序推进城市轨道交通和市域（郊）铁路建设。扎实推进沿边、沿海、沿江等国家高速公路和国道未贯通路段及瓶颈路段建设。加快三峡水运新通道前期工作，构建干支衔接的内河高等级航道网络。完善运输机场、通用机场布局。加快推进沪甬跨海通道前期工作。全面推进国家水网建设。加快发展新型基础设施。统筹推进海陆缆建设，体系化推进5G、千兆光网规模部署，深入推动5G规模化应用。

6)We will speed up the building of a modern infrastructure system.

We will optimize the layout, structure, functions, and system integration of infrastructure and ensure smooth flow in the main framework of national infrastructure networks by strengthening connectivity and weak links, in order to promote efficient connectivity and greater coordination and better leverage the overall functions and comprehensive performance of our infrastructure system. We will work faster to build a national comprehensive and multidimensional transportation network.

We will continue the construction of the Sichuan-Xizang Railway, the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor in the western region, and other major projects according to high quality requirements. We will accelerate the development of the main routes of railways and high-speed railways in the central and western regions, advance the construction of freight railways, step up the building of exclusive railway lines for key ports, and advance the construction of urban rail transit lines and intra-city (suburban) railroads in a well-regulated and orderly way.

We will make solid progress in building national expressways along borders, coasts, and rivers, while also working to connect the unfinished sections of national highways and improve their bottleneck sections. We will speed up the preparatory work for the new channel of the Three Gorges water transportation hub and develop a high-grade inland waterway network that connects main and tributary routes. We will improve the layout of cargo airports and general-purpose airports. We will accelerate the preliminary work for the Shanghai-Ningbo cross-sea passage. We will make comprehensive efforts to build the national water network.

We will act faster to develop new types of infrastructure, take coordinated measures to build submarine and land cables, make systematic progress in building 5G and 1000M fiber optic networks on a large scale, and promote wide application of 5G technology.

（二）着力扩大国内需求，进一步发挥消费基础作用和投资关键作用。坚持把实施扩大内需战略同深化供给侧结构性改革有机结合起来，更好统筹消费和投资，激发有潜能的消费，扩大有效益的投资，形成消费和投资相互促进的良性循环。

2. Boosting domestic demand and better leveraging the basic role of consumption and the critical role of investment

We will integrate the implementation of the strategy to expand domestic demand with the efforts to deepen supply-side structural reform. We will better coordinate consumption and investment, unlock the potential of consumption, and expand effective investment to foster positive interplay between consumption and investment.

一是促进消费稳定增长。改善居民消费能力和预期，提升居民消费意愿。稳定汽车、家居等大宗消费，因地制宜优化汽车限购管理政策，扩大停车设施有效供给，加快构建高质量充电基础设施体系。鼓励汽车、家电等传统消费品以旧换新，推动耐用消费品以旧换新。促进服务消费提质扩量，推动餐饮高质量发展，支持扩大家政消费。大力发展数字消费、绿色消费、健康消费，打造消费新场景，积极培育智能家居、文娱旅游、体育赛事、国货“潮品”等新的消费增长点，加快发展冰雪运动、冰雪旅游，推动入境旅游恢复发展。深化国际消费中心城市培育建设，支持海南国际旅游消费中心建设，布局发展区域消费中心和地方特色消费中心，发展智慧商圈。推动县域集贸（农贸）市场等消费场所改造升级。强化消费者权益保护，加大消费品质量安全监管力度。促进老字号守正创新发展。开展“消费促进年”活动。办好2024年中国品牌日系列活动。

1) We will promote steady growth of consumption.

We will boost people’s spending power and expectations and increase consumers’ desire to spend. We will stabilize spending on automobiles, home furnishings, and other big-ticket items. We will see that localities with restrictive policies on the purchase of motor vehicles refine their policies according to specific conditions, and we will provide more parking spaces and accelerate the construction of high-quality battery charging facilities. We will encourage the replacement of old automobiles, home appliances, and other conventional consumer goods as well as of durable consumer goods.

We will promote quality improvement and consumption increase in service industries, advance high-quality development of the catering sector, and support consumption of domestic services. We will stimulate digital consumption, green consumption, and consumption of health services while creating new consumption scenarios. We will foster new growth areas of consumption such as smart homes, cultural and recreational tourism, sports events, and domestic brands with Chinese design elements, speed up the development of ice and snow sports and winter tourism, and hasten the recovery of inbound tourism. We will continue with our efforts to build a number of cities into international consumption centers, support Hainan in becoming an international tourism and shopping destination, make plans for developing regional consumption centers and consumption destinations with local features, and develop smart business clusters. We will back the upgrading and renovation of market fairs, farm produce markets, and other consumer venues in counties.

We will better protect consumer rights and interests and strengthen supervision of the quality and safety of consumer goods. Time-honored Chinese brands will be encouraged to pursue innovative development while preserving their tradition. We will organize activities to make 2024 a year of consumption promotion and ensure success of the 2024 China Brand Day.

二是积极扩大有效投资。加力提效用好政府投资，发挥好带动放大效应，谋划开辟新投向，优化结构，提高效能。2024年安排中央预算内投资7000亿元，比2023年增加200亿元。高质量推进增发国债项目建设。完善投融资机制，规范实施政府和社会资本合作新机制。持续向民间资本推介项目，鼓励和吸引更多民间资本参与国家重大工程和补短板项目建设。以提高技术、能耗、排放等标准为牵引，推动各类生产设备、服务设备更新和技术改造。推动建立投融资综合信息服务平台，促进投资政策与融资政策协调联动。深入推进“信易贷”工作，推进地方融资信用服务平台整合和统一管理。建立完善重点产业常态化项目推荐机制，引导金融资源精准支持重大战略、重点领域和薄弱环节。加强投资项目全过程管理，坚持“项目跟着规划走”、“资金、要素跟着项目走”、“监管跟着资金走”，强化项目建设要素保障，加快项目开工建设，推动尽快形成实物工作量。推动投资增量与盘活存量相结合，形成投资良性循环。

2) We will energetically expand effective investment.

We will use government investment more effectively and let it guide and stimulate further investment. We will find new fields for investment and improve investment structure and efficiency. In 2024, investment from the central government budget will reach 700 billion yuan, an increase of 20 billion yuan over 2023. We will promote high-quality construction of the projects funded by additional government bonds.

We will further improve investment and financing mechanisms and promote well-regulated implementation of the new mechanisms for public-private partnership. We will continue to introduce new projects to private investors and encourage and attract more private capital into major national projects and projects aimed at addressing areas of weakness. We will advance replacement and technical upgrading of production and service equipment to meet higher standards in terms of technology, energy consumption, and emissions. We will promote the construction of comprehensive information service platforms for investment and financing and coordinate policies on investment and financing. We will advance the initiative for granting loans based on good credit and integrate local financing and credit service platforms for unified management.

We will introduce a sound mechanism for regular recommendations of projects in key industries and guide financial resources to provide targeted support to major strategies, key fields, and weak sectors. We will reinforce whole-process management of investment projects, ensuring that supervision follows funds, funds and other production factors follow projects, and projects follow plans. We will strengthen support for projects in terms of production factors and ensure that construction of new projects get off the ground as soon as possible to produce tangible progress. We will not only make new investment but also put idle funds to good use, promoting positive interplay between them.

（三）坚定不移深化改革，构建高水平社会主义市场经济体制。充分发挥市场在资源配置中的决定性作用，更好发挥政府作用，坚持用改革的办法解决前进中的问题，谋划进一步全面深化改革重大举措，强化重点领域和关键环节改革攻坚，为推动高质量发展、加快中国式现代化建设持续注入强大动力。

3. Remaining firmly committed to deepening reform and building a high-standard socialist market economy

We will make sure that the market plays the decisive role in allocating resources and the government better fulfills its role. We will continue to use reform to solve problems on our journey ahead. We will introduce major measures to deepen reform across the board and push forward reform in major areas and key links in order to inject fresh dynamism into our efforts to promote high-quality development and accelerate Chinese modernization.

一是深入落实“两个毫不动摇”。推动各类所有制企业协同发展，充分激发各类经营主体的内生动力和创新活力。健全国有经济管理体系，深入实施国有企业改革深化提升行动，推动国有企业做强做优主业，增强核心功能、提高核心竞争力。出台中央企业支持和推动全国统一大市场建设行动方案。加快推动民营经济促进法起草等相关立法工作，充分发挥促进民营经济发展壮大部际联席会议制度作用，推动民营企业问题诉求解决，依法保护民营企业产权和企业家权益，进一步解决市场准入、要素获取、公平执法、权益保护等方面存在的突出问题，组织清理涉及不平等对待企业的行政法规、规章、规范性文件和政策文件，进一步破除影响各类所有制企业公平竞争、共同发展的制度障碍。提高民营企业贷款占比和发债融资规模。弘扬优秀企业家精神，支持企业家专注创新发展。开展百万民营企业员工职业技能提升行动。落实落细小微企业税费优惠政策，健全中小微企业和个体工商户公共服务体系，促进中小企业专精特新发展，加强对个体工商户分类帮扶支持。健全防范化解拖欠企业账款长效机制。完善中国特色现代企业制度。

We will promote well-coordinated development of enterprises under all forms of ownership and fully spur the internal driving forces and innovation vitality of all market entities.

We will improve the management system of the state-owned sector and advance the drive to further SOE reform to see that SOEs grow stronger and do better in their core businesses, enhance their essential functions, and increase their core competitiveness. We will introduce an action plan for central government enterprises to support and promote the building of a unified national market.

We will make faster moves to advance the drafting of legislation on promoting the private sector and fully leverage the inter-ministerial joint meeting mechanism for promoting the growth and expansion of this sector. We will help private enterprises address their difficulties and concerns and protect their property rights and the rights and interests of their owners in accordance with the law. We will take further steps to resolve the prominent problems they face regarding market access, access to production factors, fair law enforcement, and rights and interests protection, abolish all administrative regulations, statutes, normative documents, and policies that treat enterprises unfairly, and remove institutional obstacles blocking fair competition and common development of enterprises under all forms of ownership. We will increase the proportion of loans issued to private enterprises and expand their scale of debt financing. We will encourage entrepreneurship and support entrepreneurs in pursuing innovative development. An initiative will be launched to help one million private enterprise employees upgrade their vocational skills.

We will fully implement the preferential tax and fee policies for micro and small enterprises, improve public services for micro, small, and medium enterprises and self-employed individuals, promote the use of special and sophisticated technologies by small and medium enterprises to produce novel and unique products, and provide category-specific assistance to self-employed individuals.

We will improve the long-term mechanism for preventing and clearing overdue payments to enterprises. The modern corporate system with Chinese features will be refined.

二是深化市场体系改革。制定全国统一大市场建设标准指引，持续完善统一的市场基础制度规则，完善适应全国统一大市场建设的长效体制机制，大力整治市场垄断和不正当竞争行为，规范招商引资行为。发布新版市场准入负面清单，全面开展市场准入效能评估，推出一批放宽市场准入特别措施，推动海陆空全空间无人体系市场准入建设，完善绿色能源体系市场准入标准规则，健全绿证绿电制度体系，加强绿色电力证书国际互认。深化要素市场化配置综合改革试点，创新生产要素配置方式，让各类先进优质生产要素向发展新质生产力顺畅流动和高效配置。完善社会信用基础制度，出台健全中国特色社会信用体系的意见，推动出台公平竞争审查条例。推进修订招标投标法，推动招标投标市场规范健康发展。推进修订政府采购法，完善采购交易制度。

2) We will continue to reform the market system.

We will develop guidelines on the standards of a unified national market, continue to improve the unified underlying institutions and rules of the market, and improve the long-term mechanisms supporting the development of a unified national market. We will take strong actions against monopolies and unfair competition and regulate investment-attracting approaches.

We will update the market access negative list, conduct evaluations of market access efficiency across the board, adopt a number of special measures to provide greater market access, and promote market entry regarding land-sea-air multi-domain unmanned systems. We will refine the market access standards and rules regarding the green energy system, improve the green electricity certificate and green electricity systems, and enhance international mutual recognition of green electricity certificates. We will deepen the pilot comprehensive reform aimed at market-based allocation of production factors and develop new ways of allocating factors so as to guide the efficient allocation of all kinds of advanced, quality factors and facilitate their unimpeded flow toward efforts to boost new quality productive forces.

We will improve the basic institutions for social credit, draw up guidelines on building a sound social credit system with Chinese features, and work toward the issuance of regulations on fair competition review. We will facilitate revision of the Public Bidding Law to promote well-regulated, healthy development of the bidding market. We will also facilitate revision of the Government Procurement Law and improve the procurement and trading systems.

三是持续深化重点领域改革。扎实推进上海浦东新区、深圳、厦门综合改革试点，加快形成更多可复制推广的制度性成果。谋划新一轮财税体制改革，研究健全地方税体系，研究建立完善促进高质量发展的转移支付激励约束机制。落实金融体制改革，完善中国特色现代金融企业制度，推动金融机构改革发展。制定进一步深化公共资源交易平台整合共享的指导意见。加快推进能源价格改革，落实煤电容量电价机制，完善成品油管道运输价格形成机制，有序推进水电气热等公用事业和公共服务价格改革。健全资源环境要素市场化配置体系。研究建立公共数据价格形成机制，促进公共数据合规高效流通使用。健全自然垄断环节监管体制机制。优化运输结构，强化“公转铁”、“公转水”，深化综合交通运输体系改革。研究修订《收费公路管理条例》。深化人民防空管理体制改革，推动工程建设、防护设备等模式变革、效能提升。

3) We will continue with the reform of key areas.

We will make solid progress with the pilot comprehensive reforms in Shanghai Pudong New Area, Shenzhen, and Xiamen and move faster to produce more institutional practices that can be applied across the country.

We will make plans for a new round of reforms of the fiscal and tax systems, conduct research to improve local tax systems, and carry out research to establish a sound incentive and constraint mechanism for transfer payments to promote high-quality development. We will further reform the financial system, improve the modern financial enterprise system with Chinese features, and promote the reform and development of financial institutions.

We will formulate guidelines on advancing the integration and sharing of trading platforms for public resources. We will accelerate the reform of energy prices, implement capacity charges for coal-fired power, improve the pricing mechanism for pipeline transportation of refined petroleum products, and take orderly steps to reform the prices of water, electricity, gas, heating, and other public utilities and services. We will improve the system for market-based allocation of resources and environmental factors. We will research into establishing a pricing mechanism for public data and promote its well-regulated and efficient distribution and utilization.

We will improve the institutions and mechanisms for supervising natural monopolies. We will refine the transportation structure, intensify efforts to bring about a shift in freight transportation from highways to railways and waterways, and further reform the comprehensive transportation system. We will conduct research on revising the Regulations on the Management of Toll Highways. We will continue to reform the management system of the people’s air defense and upgrade the engineering construction and defense equipment for greater efficiency.

四是加力优化营商环境。抓好《优化营商环境条例》贯彻落实，营造稳定、公平、透明、可预期的良好环境。制定加快推进法治化营商环境建设的意见，健全营商环境基础制度，依法规范政府监管行为，强化司法保障。实施营商环境改进提升行动，研究制定京津冀、东北地区等重点区域一流营商环境建设行动方案，完善具有中国特色的营商环境指标体系。发布中国营商环境发展报告。健全涉企收费长效监管机制。

4) We will redouble our efforts to improve the business environment.

We will ensure implementation of the Regulations on Improving the Business Environment to create a sound environment that is stable, fair, transparent, and predictable. We will develop guidelines on expediting the creation of a law-based business environment, improve the basic systems for the business environment, ensure law-based government supervision, and provide stronger judicial support.

We will carry out initiatives to better the business environment, work out action plans on fostering first-class environment in key regions such as the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and northeast China, and improve the system of assessment indicators with Chinese features. Reports on the development of China’s business environment will be released. We will refine the long-term mechanisms for overseeing the charges levied on enterprises.

（四）建设更高水平开放型经济新体制，增强国内国际双循环的动力和活力。主动对标高标准国际经贸规则，积极推进重点领域高水平对外开放，稳步扩大制度型开放，巩固外贸外资基本盘，深入推进共建“一带一路”高质量发展，积极参与全球经济治理，增强国内国际两个市场两种资源联动效应。

4. Continuing to develop new systems for a higher-standard open economy and injecting greater energy and vitality into domestic and international economic flows

We will work proactively to conform to high-standard international economic and trade rules, advance high-standard opening up in key sectors, steadily expand institutional opening up, keep foreign trade and foreign investment stable, promote high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative, and actively participate in global economic governance. With this, we can amplify the interplay between domestic and international markets and resources.

一是提升贸易投资合作质量和水平。加快培育外贸新动能，推动外贸质升量稳，加强进出口信贷和出口信保支持，出台服务贸易开放创新发展、数字贸易改革创新发展的政策措施，实施全国版和自由贸易试验区版跨境服务贸易负面清单，拓展中间品贸易、服务贸易、数字贸易、跨境电商出口，推动贸易数字化、绿色化发展，开展外贸产品标准国际合作，提升加工贸易发展水平，推动进口来源多元化。完善边境贸易支持政策。加快内外贸一体化发展。全面取消制造业领域外资准入限制措施，放宽电信、医疗等服务业市场准入，保障内外资依法平等进入负面清单之外的领域。深化优化国家服务业扩大开放综合试点示范。持续建设市场化、法治化、国际化一流营商环境，打造“投资中国”品牌。适时推出新一批标志性外资项目。进一步便利中外人员往来，切实打通外籍人员来华工作、学习、旅游的堵点，优化支付服务，加快推动国际航班恢复。深入实施自由贸易试验区提升战略，赋予自由贸易试验区、海南自由贸易港等更多自主权。改革完善开发区管理制度，更好发挥开发区引资平台作用。支持义乌深化新一轮国际贸易综合改革。

1) We will improve the quality of trade and investment cooperation.

We will move faster to foster new drivers of foreign trade to ensure quantitative stability and qualitative improvement in this sector. We will provide stronger support for import and export credit and export credit insurance and introduce policies and measures to boost the open and innovative development of trade in services and to advance the reform and innovative development of digital trade. We will implement both nationwide and pilot FTZ negative lists for cross-border trade in services, expand intermediate products trade, trade in services, digital trade, and cross-border e-commerce exports, and promote digital and green transformation of trade. We will participate in international cooperation on standards for exported products, bring the development of China’s processing trade to a higher level, and diversify import sources. We will improve the supporting policies for border trade.

We will move faster to integrate domestic and foreign trade. We will lift all foreign investment restrictions in the manufacturing sector and relax market access restrictions in service industries such as telecommunications and medical services. With this, domestic and foreign businesses will have equal access to sectors not on the negative lists, pursuant to the law. We will advance and improve the national comprehensive trials and demonstrations for expanding opening up of the service sector. We will continue to develop a first-class business environment that is market-oriented, law-based, and internationalized. This will make China a favored destination for foreign investment. A new group of foreign-funded projects will be selected as landmark projects at an appropriate time.

We will facilitate people-to-people exchanges between China and the rest of the world, remove obstacles foreign citizens face in working, studying, and traveling in China and improve payment services for them, and strive to realize full recovery in international air travel as soon as possible. We will further upgrade pilot free trade zones and grant greater autonomy to these zones and the Hainan Free Trade Port. Reform will be launched to improve the management of development zones and better leverage their role as platforms for attracting investment. We will support Yiwu in launching a new round of comprehensive reform in international trade.

二是深入落实支持高质量共建“一带一路”八项行动。以落实好支持高质量共建“一带一路”八项行动的“1+8”实施方案为工作主线，统筹推进重大标志性工程和“小而美”民生项目，抓好第三届“一带一路”国际合作高峰论坛合作成果落实。巩固拓展合作基本盘，统筹完善与重点共建国家务实合作的政策体系，加强战略规划对接，稳步推动商签共建“一带一路”合作文件，落实好已签署的合作文件。举办中国－海合会（海湾阿拉伯国家合作委员会）国家产业与投资合作论坛。进一步提升中老、中越铁路效能，全力畅通面向东南亚的铁路运输通道。构建中欧班列高效运输、安全治理、多元通道、创新发展体系，优化中欧班列集结中心布局，推动中欧班列与西部陆海新通道班列有效衔接。推动沿边开发开放高质量发展，完善沿边重点开发开放试验区功能，提升边境口岸基础设施能力。积极推进“丝路海运”港航贸一体化发展。持续推进基础设施建设和互联互通合作。支持境内企业和境外企业合作建设陆海国际联运物流网络。稳步推进健康、绿色、数字、创新、廉洁丝绸之路建设。拓展和深化“丝路电商”合作。加快空中丝绸之路建设。加强涉外法治建设，构建共建“一带一路”涉外法律服务体系。加强境外投资引导、促进、服务、保护、监管和风险防控。

2) We will ensure effective implementation of the eight drives(see Note 1) to support high-quality cooperation under the Belt and Road Initiative.

Focusing on the “1+8” plan for the implementation of the eight drives, we will proceed with both large-scale signature projects and “small but beautiful” livelihood programs and bring to fruition outcomes of the Third Belt and Road Forum for International Cooperation. To consolidate and expand cooperation foundation, we will coordinate efforts to improve the policy framework for pragmatic cooperation with other key BRI participating countries. We will strengthen coordination in strategies and plans, negotiate and sign more documents on Belt and Road cooperation, and act on the agreements China has entered into.

We will host a forum on industrial and investment cooperation between China and the member states of the Gulf Cooperation Council. We will further improve the efficiency of China-Laos and China-Vietnam railways and make every effort to ensure smooth operation of the rail routes between China and Southeast Asia. We will work toward high efficiency, safe management, diversified routes, and innovation-driven development of China-Europe Railway Express, optimize the allocation of its assembly centers, and connect it with rail lines of the New International Land-Sea Trade Corridor.

We will promote high-quality development and opening up in the border regions, refine the functions of key experimental zones for development and opening up in these regions, and improve the infrastructure at border ports. We will promote integrated development of ports, shipping, and trading services under the “Silk Road Maritime” platform. We will advance cooperation on infrastructure development and connectivity and support partnership between Chinese and foreign enterprises in building logistics networks for international sea-land multimodal freight. We will make steady progress in building a Silk Road of health, green development, digital technology, innovation, and integrity, expand and deepen Silk Road e-commerce cooperation, and accelerate efforts to build a ”Silk Road in the Air.”

We will create a legal service system for Belt and Road cooperation amid efforts to advance the rule of law in foreign-related affairs. Regarding Chinese investment abroad, we will enhance guidance, promotion, services, protection, regulation, and risk control.

三是积极参与全球治理体系改革和建设。坚定维护多边贸易体制，维护多元稳定的国际经济格局和经贸关系。推动落实已生效自贸协定，推进中国－东盟自贸区3.0版等谈判，与更多国家和地区商签高标准自贸协定和投资协定。推动加入《全面与进步跨太平洋伙伴关系协定》和《数字经济伙伴关系协定》。全面深入参与世界贸易组织改革，推动全面结束电子商务谈判。深入推进全球发展倡议、全球安全倡议、全球文明倡议，加强与联合国、二十国集团、亚太经合组织、金砖国家、上海合作组织等多边机制合作，推动全球经济治理改革完善。

3) We will actively participate in the reform and development of the global governance system.

We will firmly uphold the multilateral trading regime and safeguard diversity and stability in the international economic landscape and economic and trade relations. We will deliver on the free trade agreements in effect that China has entered into, advance negotiations on building a Version 3.0 China-ASEAN Free Trade Area, and sign high-standard free trade agreements and investment agreements with more countries and regions.

We will work toward accession to the CPTPP and DEPA. We will fully participate in WTO reform and work for full conclusion of the WTO negotiations on e-commerce. We will seek substantive progress in implementing the Global Development Initiative, the Global Security Initiative, and the Global Civilization Initiative. We will enhance cooperation under multilateral mechanisms, including the UN, G20, APEC, BRICS, and SCO. We will contribute to the reform and improvement of global economic governance.

（五）有力有效推进乡村全面振兴，加快农业农村现代化。坚持把推进乡村全面振兴作为新时代新征程“三农”工作的总抓手，以学习运用“千村示范、万村整治”经验为引领，集中力量抓好办成一批群众可感可及的实事，加快建设农业强国，推动乡村全面振兴不断取得实质性进展、阶段性成果。

5. Vigorously and effectively advancing rural revitalization across the board and accelerating the modernization of agriculture and rural areas

On the new journey of the new era, we will focus on the overarching goal of advancing rural revitalization across the board when carrying out our work relating to agriculture, rural areas, and rural residents. Drawing on and applying the experience of the Green Rural Revival Program in Zhejiang Province, we will pool our resources to deliver on a number of practical issues that will give the people a sense of benefit, build up China’s strength in agriculture, and make substantial progress in rural revitalization across the board.

一是切实抓好粮食等重要农产品生产。扎实推进新一轮千亿斤粮食产能提升行动。稳定粮食播种面积，调整优化种植结构，实施粮食单产提升工程，布局建设粮食产能提升重点县，加强作物田间管理和技术服务指导，完善化肥保供稳价应对机制，做好重大病虫害防控和农业防灾减灾救灾等工作。纵深推进国家大豆和油料产能提升工程，加快黑龙江国家大豆种子基地建设，巩固大豆扩种成果，支持发展高油高产品种，继续扩种油菜，探索油菜生产、加工支持政策。适当提高小麦最低收购价，合理制定稻谷最低收购价，加强粮食市场调控，保护农民种粮积极性。健全种粮农民收益保障机制和主产区利益补偿机制，深入推进“农本调查+农业保险”合作；探索建立粮食产销区省际横向利益补偿机制，加大对产粮大县支持力度。践行大农业观、大食物观，统筹利用耕地、林地、草原、江河湖海等资源，拓展农业生产空间，拓宽食物来源，构建多元化食物供给体系，把农业建设成为现代化大产业。加快发展现代设施农业和智慧农业，推广套种、轮作模式，发展粮草间作、农林牧结合的种养模式。支持节水农业、旱作农业发展。稳定生猪、牛羊肉、奶业基础生产能力，加快推进国家畜禽种质资源库等建设，支持深远海养殖和森林食品开发。

1) We will focus on the production of grain and other major agricultural products.

Steady progress will be made in the new drive to increase grain production by 50 million metric tons. We will keep total grain acreage at a stable level, adjust and optimize the crop planting structure, increase yield per unit of area, and plan and develop key counties for improving grain production. We will enhance crop management and provide technical services and guidance, improve contingency plans for ensuring the provision of chemical fertilizers at stable prices, make strong efforts to prevent serious crop diseases and pests, and strengthen agriculture-related disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

We will carry out national projects to increase the production capacity of soybeans and other oilseed crops, accelerate the construction of national soybean seed centers in Heilongjiang Province, build on the progress in increasing soybean acreage, and support the development of high-oil and high-yield crop varieties. The cultivation of oilseed rape will continue to increase and policies will be introduced to support its production and processing.

To better regulate the grain market and encourage grain production, we will appropriately raise the minimum purchase price for wheat and set that for rice at a proper level. We will refine the mechanisms for ensuring the incomes of grain growers and compensating major grain-producing areas and closely relate surveys on the costs of agricultural products to agricultural insurance. An inter-provincial mechanism for major grain-purchasing areas to compensate major producing areas will be explored, and greater support will be given to major grain-producing counties.

Following an all-encompassing approach to agriculture and food, we will make coordinated use of resources such as arable fields, woodlands, grasslands, rivers, lakes, and seas to expand the space for agricultural production and explore multiple channels to acquire food to foster a diversified food supply system. We will build agriculture into a major modern industry.

We will accelerate the development of modern protected agriculture and intelligent agriculture, promote relay cropping and crop rotation, and develop an agricultural model of grain-grass intercropping and crop-livestock-forestry integration. We will support the development of water-efficient agriculture and dry farming. We will stabilize the basic production capacity of hog, beef, mutton, and dairy products, accelerate the construction of national germplasm banks for livestock and poultry, and support open-sea and deep-sea aquaculture and the development of forest food.

二是持续巩固拓展脱贫攻坚成果。落实防止返贫监测帮扶机制，开展国家乡村振兴重点帮扶县发展成效监测评价，完善帮扶项目资产管理制度，持续巩固提升“三保障”和饮水安全成果。强化帮扶产业分类指导，重点支持联农带农富农产业发展。提升消费帮扶助农增收行动实效，推动脱贫地区农产品和文化旅游服务提档升级。深入实施防止返贫就业攻坚行动，加大劳务对外输出力度，扩大以工代赈吸纳脱贫群众务工数量和劳务报酬发放规模，统筹用好就业帮扶车间、乡村公益岗位等渠道，确保脱贫劳动力就业规模稳定在3000万人以上。持续推进易地搬迁后续扶持工作，支持集中安置区可持续发展。持续开展东西部协作，创新开展“携手促振兴”行动。

2) We will continue to consolidate and expand the success of poverty elimination.

We will implement monitoring and assistance mechanisms to prevent relapses into poverty, monitor and evaluate the development progress of key counties receiving state assistance for rural revitalization, improve the system for managing the assets of assistance projects, and build on the progress already achieved in guaranteeing access to compulsory education, basic medical services, safe housing, and drinking water for people lifted out of poverty.

We will enhance tailored guidance to industries, with a focus on industries that help farmers realize prosperity. We will increase the efficacy of the initiative designed to help areas that have cast off poverty to increase income through their products and services, while also encouraging these areas to improve the quality of their agricultural products and cultural and tourism services.

To help people avoid relapsing into poverty, we will intensify efforts to create job opportunities for them. This includes expanding export of labor, increasing jobs under work-relief programs, raising the scale of wages, and making good use of assistance workshops and rural public-welfare jobs. Our goal is to ensure no less than 30 million jobs for them. We will provide follow-up support for people relocated from inhospitable areas and promote sustainable development of the communities where they resettle.

Collaboration between the eastern and western regions will be intensified, with the introduction of the “joining hands for rural revitalization” initiative.

三是提升乡村发展建设治理水平。精准务实培育乡村产业，推进农村一二三产业融合发展。完善联农带农机制，实施农民增收促进行动。实施农业生产和农产品“三品一标”提升行动，打造乡土特色品牌，培育农业产业化联合体，支持生态旅游、森林康养、休闲露营等新业态发展。持续推进地理标志助力乡村振兴行动。适应乡村人口变化趋势，分类编制村庄规划，优化村庄布局、产业结构、公共服务配置。有序推进人口规模较大自然村（组）通硬化路、建制村通等级路、乡镇通三级及以上公路建设。加强农村充电桩、冷链物流、寄递配送设施建设。以县域为单元，推进城乡供水一体化、集中供水规模化建设，因地制宜实施小型供水工程规范化建设。加强农村教育、文化、医疗、社会保障、养老托育等公共服务补短板建设。推进农业农村污染治理攻坚，深入实施农村人居环境整治提升五年行动，因地制宜推进农村改厕和生活污水垃圾治理，整县推进农业面源污染综合防治。深化农村土地制度改革，扩大第二轮土地承包到期后再延长30年试点范围，启动整省试点。稳慎推进农村集体经营性建设用地入市和农村宅基地制度改革。深化集体产权、集体林权、农垦、供销社等改革，探索新型农村集体经济多样化发展路径。完善乡村治理体系，提升乡村治理水平，繁荣发展乡村文化，建设法治乡村、平安乡村。实施乡村振兴人才支持计划。

3) We will enhance governance of rural development.

We will cultivate rural industries through targeted and practical measures and push forward integrated development of the primary, secondary, and tertiary industries in rural areas. We will improve the mechanisms for helping farmers and implement an initiative to increase their incomes.

We will launch initiatives to improve agricultural production by developing superior crop varieties, improving quality, fostering brands, and adopting standardized production methods, and to upgrade agricultural products by developing pollution-free and organic products, green foodstuffs, and products with geographical indications. We will foster brands with local features, develop agricultural industrialization consortia, and support the development of new forms of business such as ecological tourism, forest therapy, and leisure camping. We will continue the initiative to support rural revitalization through geographical indications.

In response to the trends of changes in rural population, we will make category-based planning for the development of villages and optimize their layout, industrial structure, and provision of public services. We will make steady progress in ensuring that natural villages (or household groups) with relatively large population have access to paved roads, administrative villages have access to classified roads, and towns and townships have access to roads of Grade III or higher. Efforts will be intensified to build rural infrastructure such as that for electric vehicle charging, cold-chain logistics, and delivery services. We will take counties as the basic unit in our plan to promote integrated water supply in urban and rural areas, advance the construction of scaled-up projects for centralized water supply, and construct standard small water supply projects in line with local conditions.

Further steps will be taken to address inadequacies in rural public services such as education, culture, medical services, social security, elderly care, and childcare. We will continue with the pollution control in agriculture and rural areas, with the five-year program to improve the rural living environment, with the effort to upgrade toilets and improve domestic waste water and refuse disposal according to local conditions, and with the county-wide comprehensive prevention and treatment of agricultural pollution from non-point sources.

We will further reform the rural land system, expand the scope of trials on extending rural land contracts by another 30 years upon expiration of the current second-round contracts, and launch province-wide trials. Market-based transfers of rural collective land designated for business-related construction and the reform of rural residential land will be carried out in a steady and prudent manner. We will continue the reform of collective property rights, collective forest tenure, state farms, and supply and marketing cooperatives and develop new rural collective economies through a variety of means. We will improve the rural governance system and governance standards, develop rural culture, and build a peaceful countryside based on the rule of law. The talent support plan for rural revitalization will be implemented.

（六）扎实推动区域协调发展和新型城镇化建设，加快优化区域经济布局。充分发挥各地区比较优势，按照主体功能定位，积极融入和服务构建新发展格局，打造高质量发展新动能。

6. Advancing coordinated regional development and new urbanization and improving regional economic layout

We will give full play to the comparative strengths of different regions, so that they act in line with their designated main functions to contribute to the creation of a new development pattern and foster new drivers for high-quality development.

一是进一步推进区域协调发展。推进北京非首都功能疏解项目落地建设，抓好雄安新区一揽子支持政策落实，加快通州区与河北省北三县一体化、天津滨海新区高质量发展。继续加强长江经济带生态环境综合治理，持续推进长江十年禁渔。谋划制定新时期深化粤港澳大湾区建设的政策措施，辐射带动周边地区加快发展。出台实施持续深入推进长三角一体化高质量发展若干政策措施的意见，制定长三角生态绿色一体化发展示范区改革授权事项清单，协调解决长三角港口资源整合难点问题。支持海南自由贸易港进一步放宽市场准入，加大重点领域跨境服务贸易对外开放力度，夯实产业发展基础。打好黄河生态保护治理、污染防治、深度节水攻坚战，实施“一泓清水入黄河”等生态保护修复重大工程，支持沿黄省区因地制宜探索生态保护和高质量发展的创新路径。

1) We will further promote coordinated regional development.

We will continue to support the projects for relieving Beijing of functions nonessential to its role as the capital, effectively implement the package of policies supporting the development of the Xiong’an New Area, and speed up the integrated development of Tongzhou District in Beijing and the three counties in Hebei Province (See Note 2) and the high-quality development of the Binhai New Area in Tianjin.

We will continue with our comprehensive efforts to improve the quality of the environment in the Yangtze Economic Belt and enforce the 10-year fishing ban on the Yangtze River.

We will formulate policies and measures to further develop the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area in the new era so as to stimulate faster growth of the surrounding areas.

We will introduce guidelines on the implementation of the policies and measures to provide continuous support for the integrated high-quality development of the Yangtze River Delta, formulate a list of authorized reform items for the region’s demonstration zone for green, integrated development, and help resolve the region’s difficulties in integrating port resources.

We will support the Hainan Free Trade Port in further easing market access, further opening its cross-border trade in services in key sectors to the outside world, and consolidating its foundation for industrial development.

We will carry out initiatives for ecological conservation, pollution control, and water conservation in the Yellow River basin and implement major ecological conservation and restoration projects to guarantee that the water running into the Yellow River is clean. We will support the provinces and autonomous regions located along the Yellow River in finding new ways of ecological conservation and high-quality development based on local conditions.

推动西部大开发形成新格局，持续优化西部地区重大生产力布局，前瞻部署一批新材料、新能源、装备制造重大工程，打造东西部产业合作重点平台，深化省际合作，稳步推进西部骨干通道建设，高水平推进内陆开放和沿边开放。支持东北地区加快传统优势产业转型升级和新兴产业培育，发展现代化大农业，筑牢北方生态安全屏障，加快建设交通、能源、信息等现代化基础设施体系，深化与东北亚区域合作，加快构筑我国向北开放新高地，推动东北全面振兴取得新突破。促进中部地区加快崛起，落实新时代洞庭湖生态经济区规划，支持湘鄂赣、豫皖等省际合作高质量发展和淮河沿线地区合作发展，高水平实施中部地区先进制造业集群培育提升三年行动。鼓励东部地区加快推进现代化，发挥对全产业链的稳链固链强链作用，巩固开放先导地位，提高创新能力和经济增长能级。支持福建探索海峡两岸融合发展新路，建设两岸融合发展示范区，加快平潭综合实验区建设。大力发展海洋经济，完善精细化用海管理机制，强化国家重大项目用海保障，积极参与国际海洋合作，推进建设海洋强国。

We will work to foster a new pattern in the large-scale development of the western region and continue to improve the distribution of major productive forces in this region. We will make future-oriented plans for some major projects on new materials, new energy, and equipment manufacturing, build key platforms for industrial cooperation between the eastern and western regions, increase inter-provincial cooperation, steadily advance the construction of main arteries in the western region, and promote high-standard opening up of the inland and border areas.

We will support the northeastern region in moving faster to transform and upgrade its traditionally competitive industries and cultivate emerging industries, developing modern large-scale agriculture, reinforcing the ecological security shields in north China, speeding up the construction of modern transportation, energy, and information infrastructure systems, deepening regional cooperation with the Northeast Asian countries, and developing new platforms for China’s opening up northward. This will lead to breakthroughs in the region’s full revitalization.

We will accelerate the rise of the central region. We will implement the development plan for the Dongting Lake Eco-Economic Zone in the new era, support Hunan-Hubei-Jiangxi and Henan-Anhui inter-provincial cooperation on advancing high-quality development, and back the development of the areas along the Huaihe River through cooperation. We will introduce a high-standard three-year action plan to foster and enhance advanced manufacturing clusters in the central region.

We will encourage the eastern region to accelerate modernization, fulfill its role in stabilizing and strengthening China’s complete industrial chains, consolidate its leading position in opening up, and enhance its capacity for innovation and economic growth.

We will support Fujian Province in exploring new methods of integrated development between the two sides of the Taiwan Strait, building demonstration zones for integrated cross-Strait development, and expediting the construction of the Pingtan Comprehensive Experimental Area.

We will boost the marine economy, improve the management mechanisms for ensuring meticulous sea use, provide effective sea use safeguards for major national projects, and actively participate in international marine cooperation in an effort to build China into a strong maritime country.

二是促进区域战略间联动融合发展。创新促进区域协调发展体制机制，加强政策衔接融合，支持有条件的地区开展区域战略融合发展先行探索。优化重大生产力布局，加强国家战略腹地建设。推进京津冀、长三角、粤港澳大湾区科创产业融合发展，加强关键核心技术联合攻关。强化机制建设、平台搭建、政策设计，促进产业优化布局和梯度有序转移，加强东中西部产业协作。坚持陆海统筹，促进陆海在空间要素、产业布局、资源利用、生态环境等方面全方位协同发展。实施国家级新区高质量建设行动计划。支持欠发达地区、革命老区、民族地区、生态退化地区、资源型地区和老工业城市等加快发展。加强边疆地区建设，深入推进兴边富民，支持边境城镇提升稳边固边能力。

2) We will promote strategic coordination and integrated development between regions.

We will create new systems and mechanisms for coordinated regional development, enhance policy coordination and integration, and support regions where conditions permit in taking the lead in pursuing development through strategic coordination. We will improve the distribution of major productive forces and boost the development of the national strategic hinterland.

The Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, the Yangtze River Delta, and the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area will be encouraged to pursue integrated development of technological innovation industries and step up joint research on core technologies in key fields. We will support the creation of mechanisms, platforms, and policies to help improve the layout of industries and facilitate their progressive, orderly relocation, and thus enhance industrial collaboration between the eastern, central, and western regions. We will continue to coordinate land and maritime development in all aspects, including space, industrial layout, resource utilization, and the environment.

We will implement an action plan for the high-quality development of national-level new areas. We will support underdeveloped areas, old revolutionary base areas, areas with large ethnic minority populations, areas affected by ecological degradation, resource-dependent areas, and old industrial cities in pursuing faster growth. We will continue to aid the development of border areas to further boost their economies and raise local living standards, and we will back border cities and towns in enhancing their capacity for ensuring local stability.

三是深化落实主体功能区战略。研究制定新时期深化落实主体功能区战略和制度的意见，出台主体功能区优化实施规划，推动构建主体功能综合布局。完善主体功能区转移支付、产业准入等配套政策。全面完成各级国土空间规划批复实施。出台永久基本农田保护红线管理办法，完善生态保护红线管理制度，制定城镇开发边界管理办法，完善各类控制线管控规则。开展国土空间规划实施监测网络建设试点，完善数字化治理政策机制和技术标准体系。

3) We will better implement the functional zoning strategy.

We will formulate guidelines on implementing the functional zoning strategy and system in the new era, release an implementation plan for improving functional zones, and develop an overall functional zoning layout. Supporting policies for functional zones concerning transfer payments and industry access will be improved.

We will complete the work on approving the territorial space plans at all levels for their implementation. We will introduce methods for managing the redlines in permanent basic cropland protection, improve the management system for ecological conservation redlines, and formulate methods for managing urban development boundaries, while also working to improve the rules for the exercise of other limits. We will build a pilot network for monitoring the implementation of our territorial space plans and improve the policies, mechanisms, and technical standards for digital governance.

四是深入推进以人为本的新型城镇化。把加快农业转移人口市民化摆在突出位置，以进城农民工及其随迁家属为重点、兼顾城市间流动人口，统筹推进户籍制度改革和城镇基本公共服务均等化，重点解决好农业转移人口最关心的就业、随迁子女教育和升学考试、住房保障和社会保险等问题。推动城镇化率低且人口规模大的市县协调推进新型工业化城镇化，加快培育特色优势产业集群，增强县城综合承载能力。推动成渝地区双城经济圈建设走深走实，加快成渝中线高铁等标志性项目建设，聚焦汽车、电子信息等优势领域共建有国际竞争力的先进制造业集群，提升开发开放能级。推动长江中游、中原、北部湾、关中平原等城市群一体化发展，推动超大特大城市加快转变发展方式，增强对周边市县辐射带动能力，培育一批同城化程度高的现代化都市圈。着力解决城市发展中最迫切最突出的安全韧性问题，稳步实施城市更新行动，推进城镇老旧小区改造和城市危旧房改造，优化住宅专项维修资金归集、使用和管理，加强城市洪涝治理，加快地下管网等工程建设，加强无障碍环境、适老化设施建设，提升城市绿色智慧宜居水平。以县域为基本单元推进城乡融合发展，促进县乡村功能衔接互补、资源要素优化配置。

4) We will promote the people-centered new urbanization.

We will give priority to helping people moving from rural to urban areas gain permanent residency in cities more quickly, and we will coordinate efforts to reform the household registration system and ensure equitable access to basic public services in cities, focusing on rural migrant workers and their families while also taking account of the population moving between cities. In this regard, we will put special emphasis on resolving problems that concern these people the most, such as education and college entrance examination for their children, employment, housing support, and social insurance.

We will encourage cities and counties with lower urbanization rates and large populations to coordinate their new industrialization and urbanization efforts, speed up the fostering of specialty and competitive industrial clusters, and enhance the overall carrying capacity of county towns.

We will consolidate the development of the Chengdu-Chongqing economic zone, expedite the construction of landmark projects such as the second Chengdu-Chongqing high-speed railway, and promote joint development of internationally competitive clusters of advancing manufacturing with a focus on advantageous industries such as automobiles and electronic information. These efforts will elevate the zone’s development and opening up to new heights.

We will promote integrated development of city clusters in the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, the Central Plains, the Beibu Gulf area, and the Guanzhong Plains. We will encourage large and mega cities to change their development models at a faster pace, so that they can better lead surrounding cities and counties to foster a number of highly-integrated modern metropolitan areas.

We will strive to resolve the problems affecting city safety and resilience, which are the most pressing and outstanding issues in urban development. We will continue with urban renewal projects, promote renovation of old residential communities and dilapidated houses in cities, and see that the special funds for residence maintenance are better collected, used, and managed. We will enhance urban flood prevention and drainage capacity, accelerate the construction of underground pipeline networks, promote the development of barrier-free environments and renovation of public facilities for the convenience of senior citizens, and make cities smarter, more livable, and more eco-friendly. We will make counties the basic units in integrated urban-rural development, whereby counties, townships, and villages have complementary functions with optimal allocation of resources and production factors among them.

（七）深入推进生态文明建设和绿色低碳发展，加快建设美丽中国。践行绿水青山就是金山银山理念，统筹产业结构调整、污染治理、生态保护、应对气候变化，建设美丽中国先行区，加快形成绿色生产生活方式。

7. Making further progress in ecological conservation and promoting green, low-carbon development to build a Beautiful China more rapidly

Acting on the principle that lucid waters and lush mountains are invaluable assets, we will coordinate efforts in industrial restructuring, pollution control, ecological conservation, and response to climate change. We will foster pilot zones for building a Beautiful China and accelerate the shift to eco-friendly production practices and lifestyles.

一是持续深入打好蓝天、碧水、净土保卫战。以PM2.5控制为主线，强化多污染物协同控制和区域污染协同治理，深入实施空气质量持续改善行动计划，大力推进挥发性有机物、氮氧化物等多污染物协同减排，支持京津冀及周边、长三角、汾渭平原等重点区域大气污染综合治理攻坚，全面推进美丽河湖、美丽海湾保护与建设，实施重点排污口整治提升行动，开展土壤污染源头防控行动，深化土壤污染防治先行区、地下水污染防治试验区建设。深化重点流域水环境综合治理，加强重要湖泊保护治理，推进丹江口库区及上游水源保护和污染防治。深入实施环境基础设施建设水平提升行动，开展小型生活垃圾焚烧试点，加快补齐环境基础设施短板弱项。加强固体废弃物和新污染物治理，推进塑料污染和过度包装全链条治理。全面推进“无废城市”建设。开展历史遗留矿山环境综合治理。

1) We will work harder to keep our skies blue, waters clear, and lands clean.

With a focus on fine particulate matter (PM2.5), we will intensify coordinated control of multiple pollutants and collaborative regional pollution treatment. With the full implementation of the action plan to continuously improve air quality, we will see further reduction of emissions of nitrogen oxides and volatile organic compounds among other pollutants and support integrated efforts to address air pollution in and around the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region, in the Yangtze River Delta, and in the Fenhe-Weihe River Plain.

We will press ahead with conservation and development of our beautiful rivers, lakes, and bays and intensify the management and improvement of key sewage outfalls. We will continue with the initiative to prevent and control soil contamination at the source and advance the building of pilot zones for the prevention and curtailment of soil pollution and experimental areas for the prevention and control of groundwater pollution. We will continue with the comprehensive measures to improve the aquatic environment in key river basins, step up protection and rehabilitation of major lakes, and enhance conservation and pollution control in the Danjiangkou Reservoir area and its water source region upstream.

We will elevate our environmental infrastructure to a new level, launch trials on small household waste incineration facilities, and move faster to shore up weaknesses in environmental infrastructure. We will strengthen the treatment of solid waste and new pollutants, advance whole-chain control of plastic pollution and excessive packaging, and make overall progress in building waste-free cities. We will continue the comprehensive ecological restoration in abandoned mining areas.

二是加大生态系统保护力度。建立健全全域覆盖的生态环境分区管控体系，强化自然保护地、生态保护红线监管。支持重大生态项目建设，加快推进重要生态系统保护和修复重大工程，精心组织实施“三北”工程三大标志性战役，稳步推进以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系建设，科学开展大规模国土绿化行动，扎实推进水土流失、荒漠化、石漠化防治，推进永定河等重点河湖综合治理与生态修复，加强生态状况调查评估、生态保护修复成效评估和国家级自然保护区生态环境保护成效评估。完善生态产品价值实现机制。深化国家生态文明试验区建设。实施生物多样性保护重大工程。强化美丽中国建设法治保障，健全生态保护补偿制度，出台生态保护补偿条例，配合推进生态环境法典和相关法律法规制修订工作。办好2024年全国生态日主场活动。维护生态环境安全，强化重点领域环境隐患排查和风险防控，及时妥善应对突发环境事件。

2) We will redouble our efforts in ecological conservation.

We will establish a sound system of region-specific approaches to ecological and environmental management across the country and intensify regulation of protected areas and enforcement of ecological conservation redlines. More support will be provided to major ecological projects. We will move faster to advance the major projects for protecting and restoring key ecosystems, ensure effective organization of the three milestone campaigns under the Three-North Shelterbelt Project, and make steady progress in establishing a national park-based system of protected areas.

Large-scale greening programs will continue in a well-planned way. Solid steps will be taken to prevent and address soil erosion, desertification, and rocky desertification. Comprehensive measures will be adopted to restore the ecosystems of key rivers and lakes such as the Yongding River. We will conduct surveys and assessments of the ecological conditions, the results of ecological conservation and restoration projects, and the eco-environmental conservation results of national nature reserves. Improvements will be made to the mechanisms for realizing the market value of ecosystem goods and services. New progress will be made in building national pilot zones for ecological conservation, and major biodiversity protection projects will be carried out.

To increase legal support for the drive to build a Beautiful China, we will improve the system of compensation for ecological conservation, introduce relevant regulations, and contribute to the formulation or revision of a code, laws, and regulations on ecological and environmental protection. We will host well-planned events on the National Ecology Day in 2024. We will safeguard eco-environmental security, better identify, prevent, and control hidden environmental risks in key fields, and promptly and properly handle environmental emergencies.

三是积极稳妥推进碳达峰碳中和。出台促进经济社会发展全面绿色转型的意见，实施绿色低碳转型产业指导目录。扎实开展“碳达峰十大行动”。加大节能降碳工作力度，制定节能降碳行动方案，分行业分领域实施节能降碳专项行动，滚动提升能耗和碳排放相关标准，加大对重点领域节能降碳改造支持力度，加快既有建筑节能和供热计量改造。推动省市两级逐步建立碳排放预算管理体系，提升碳排放统计核算核查能力，建立全国及分地区碳排放年报快报制度，建立健全碳达峰碳中和标准计量体系，抓紧出台一批急用先行标准，健全产品碳足迹管理体系，基本建成并公布温室气体排放因子数据库。完善碳定价机制，建设完善全国温室气体自愿减排交易市场，推动扩大全国碳排放权交易市场行业覆盖范围。推进国家碳达峰试点建设。推进碳捕集利用与封存关键技术研发与示范项目建设。

3) We will make active yet prudent efforts toward peak carbon dioxide emissions and carbon neutrality.

We will draw up guidelines on promoting green transition in all areas of Chinese economy and society and introduce a catalog of industries set for green, low-carbon transition. While proceeding with the 10 major initiatives for carbon peaking, we will redouble efforts in energy conservation and carbon reduction. This includes drawing an action plan for this work, launching industry- and sector-specific campaigns, incrementally raising the standards of energy efficiency and carbon emissions, increasing support for energy conservation and carbon reduction retrofitting in key sectors, and quickening our pace of energy conservation and heat metering upgrading of existing buildings.

Concerning carbon emissions, a carbon budget management system will be established over time at the provincial and municipal levels, the statistical, accounting, and checking capacity will be built up, and annual reporting and quick reporting will be institutionalized for both nationwide emissions and those of individual regions. Meanwhile, we will refine the standards and measurements for carbon dioxide peaking and carbon neutrality, give precedence to the adoption of standards that are urgently needed, improve management of products’ carbon footprint, and build and release to the public a database of greenhouse gas emission factors.

We will refine carbon pricing mechanisms, improve the national market for voluntary greenhouse gas emissions reduction, and see that the China Carbon Emission Trade Exchange covers more industries. We will advance the pilot projects for peaking carbon dioxide emissions and the research, development, and demonstration of key technologies for carbon capture, utilization, and storage.

持续构建市场导向的绿色技术创新体系，加强绿色低碳技术推广，组织实施绿色低碳先进技术示范工程，推进绿色产业示范基地建设。加快构建绿色制造和服务体系，建立健全绿色制造梯度培育机制。加强煤炭清洁高效利用，持续推进煤电机组升级改造。加快推进大型风电光伏基地建设和主要流域水风光一体化开发建设，推动实施蒙西－京津冀、大同－天津南等特高压输电工程，开展一批特高压输电通道规划论证。推动分布式能源开发利用。因地制宜布局抽水蓄能电站，推动新型储能多元化发展。加强可再生能源消纳利用，实施可再生能源替代行动，完善新能源上网电价形成机制，进一步扩大跨省区绿电交易规模，提高电网对清洁能源的接纳、配置和调控能力，稳步提升可再生能源消费比重。积极安全有序发展核电，开工建设一批条件成熟的沿海核电机组。积极参与应对气候变化国际谈判，推动构建公平合理、合作共赢的全球气候治理体系。

We will remain dedicated to building a market-based innovation system for green technologies, expand the application of green, low-carbon technologies, launch demonstration programs for the latest technologies in this regard, and make progress in building green industry demonstration bases. Efforts will be accelerated in fostering green manufacturing and services, including creating a tiered mechanism for developing green manufacturers.

We will promote clean and efficient use of coal and proceed with the retrofitting and upgrading of coal-fired power units. We will move faster to build large-scale wind and photovoltaic power bases and integrate the development of wind, photovoltaic, and hydro power in major river basins. We will support the ultra-high voltage transmission routes between western Inner Mongolia and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei region and between Datong and southern Tianjin, while carrying out research and planning for new routes. We will cultivate distributed energy resources. While building pumped-storage hydroelectric plants in light of local conditions, we will also develop new types of energy-storage technologies. We will put more electricity generated from renewable energy sources into the power grids, carry out renewable energy substitution initiatives, improve the pricing mechanism for on-grid electricity from new energy, and further increase trans-provincial green electricity transactions. We will make our grid system better able to absorb, allocate, and regulate electricity from new energy sources. This will help steadily raise the share of renewable energy in total energy consumption. We will pursue robust, safe, and orderly development of nuclear power and build more offshore units where conditions are ripe.

We will actively participate in international negotiations on climate change and work for the establishment of a fair and rational system for global climate governance based on mutually beneficial cooperation.

四是扎实推进全面节约战略。持续推动“能水粮地矿材”一体化节约，加强资源节约集约循环高效利用。加快构建废弃物循环利用体系，深入推进废旧物资循环利用重点城市建设和大宗固体废弃物综合利用示范，加强风光设备组件等新能源退役设备回收和循环利用，健全废旧家电家具等再生资源回收体系。支持“以竹代塑”产业发展，稳妥有序推广替代产品。出台节约用水条例，强化水资源节约集约利用，严格水资源总量和强度指标管控，开展非常规水资源利用提升行动，制定加快发展节水产业的指导意见，深入推进农业水价综合改革，高质量建设节水型社会。大力开展粮食节约和反食品浪费行动。实施深入推进快递包装绿色转型行动，推广可循环快递包装应用。

4) We will make solid progress with the comprehensive conservation strategy.

We will coordinate conservation of energy, water, food, land, minerals, and other materials to promote economical, circular, and efficient use of resources. We will accelerate the creation of a system for recycling waste and used materials, advance the development of key recycling cities and demonstration bases for the comprehensive utilization of massive solid waste, increase the recycling of disused wind and photovoltaic power units and components, and improve the recycling system for unwanted home appliances and furniture. We will support the industrial development of bamboo as a substitute for plastics and promote such substitute products in a prudent, orderly manner.

We will release regulations on water conservation and enhance economical and efficient use of water. We will exercise strict control over total volume and intensity of water consumption, launch initiatives to better use alternative water resources, formulate guidelines on boosting water-conserving industries, and advance comprehensive price reform of water used in agriculture. The goal is to build a water-conserving society. We will redouble efforts to save grain and oppose food waste. We will also promote a shift to green delivery packaging through increased use of renewable packages.

（八）加强重大经济金融风险防控，牢牢守住不发生系统性风险的底线。标本兼治化解房地产、地方债务、中小金融机构等风险，防范风险跨区域、跨市场、跨境传递共振。

8. Better preventing and controlling major economic and financial risks to effectively forestall systemic risks

We will address both the symptoms and the root causes to defuse risks arising in the real estate sector, local government debt, and small and medium financial institutions and prevent risks from transmitting and interacting across regions, markets, and borders.

一是促进房地产市场平稳健康发展。压实企业主体责任和城市属地责任，高质量完成保交楼任务。一视同仁满足不同所有制房地产企业的合理融资需求。因城施策用足用好政策工具箱，继续支持城市政府自主调整优化房地产市场调控措施，实施好差别化住房信贷政策，发挥住房公积金支持作用，支持刚性和改善性住房需求。健全房地产企业主体监管制度，加强在建项目预售资金监管。加快推进保障性住房建设、“平急两用”公共基础设施建设、城中村改造。适应房地产市场供求关系变化和新型城镇化发展趋势，坚持先立后改，推动房地产业积极转型，加快构建房地产发展新模式。

1) We will promote the steady and sound development of the real estate market.

We will work to see that enterprises shoulder their primary responsibilities and the cities assume their regulatory responsibilities, in order to make sure that presold houses are delivered on time. Efforts will be made to meet the reasonable funding needs of real estate companies under all forms of ownership on an equal basis.

We will give full play to city-specific policies and continue to support the governments of cities in adjusting and improving their measures for the housing market. We will implement differentiated housing credit policies, make good use of the supporting role of housing provident funds, and support people in buying their first home or improving their housing situation. We will tighten the management of presale funds from housing projects under construction, holding real estate enterprises primarily responsible.

We will speed up the building of government-subsidized housing, the development of public infrastructure that can operate both under normal circumstances and in case of emergencies, and the renovation of villages in cities.

Adapting to the changes in the supply and demand in the real estate market and the trends of new urbanization, we will follow the principle of establishing the new before changing the old and facilitate the proactive transition of the real estate sector to a new development model.

二是有效防范化解地方债务风险。统筹好地方债务风险化解和稳定发展，进一步落实一揽子化债方案，妥善化解存量债务风险、严防新增债务风险。建立防范化解地方债务风险长效机制，建立同高质量发展相适应的政府债务管理机制，完善全口径地方债务监测监管体系。加强融资平台债务监测预警，分类推进地方融资平台转型。

2) We will effectively forestall and defuse local government debt risks.

We will coordinate defusing local government debt risks and maintaining steady development, ensure full implementation of the policy package to resolve debts, and properly defuse existing debt risks while guarding against new ones.

We will establish long-term mechanisms for forestalling and defusing local government debt risks and government debt management mechanisms suited to high-quality development and improve the system for monitoring and regulating all local government debts. We will step up monitoring and early warning on the debts of financing platforms and facilitate the transformation of local financing platforms on a category-by-category basis.

三是防范化解中小金融机构等金融风险。全面加强金融监管，依法将所有金融活动全部纳入监管，加强监管协同，健全权责一致的风险处置责任机制，完善金融风险监测预警和早期纠正机制，切实提高金融监管有效性。持续推进高风险中小金融机构改革化险、完善公司治理和风险内控机制，健全可持续的银行资本补充机制。进一步健全完善以投资者为本的资本市场基础制度，促进资本市场平稳健康发展。规范金融市场发行和交易行为，合理引导预期，提升市场活跃度。加强外汇市场管理，强化跨境资本流动监管协同，健全监测预警指标体系。严厉打击非法金融活动。

3) We will forestall and defuse the financial risks of small and medium financial institutions.

We will tighten financial regulation across the board and place all financial activities under regulation in accordance with the law. We will better coordinate regulation and improve the mechanism for risk management under which powers are commensurate with responsibilities. We will improve the monitoring and early warning mechanism for financial risks to ensure prompt response and increase the effectiveness of regulation.

We will continue to reform high-risk small and medium financial institutions to defuse their risks, enhance corporate governance and internal risk control mechanisms, and improve the mechanism for banks to replenish capital in a sustainable way. We will further improve the investor-oriented basic system of the capital market and promote its steady and healthy development. We will better regulate issuance and transaction in the financial market, properly guide expectations, and invigorate the market. We will enhance the management of the foreign exchange market, coordinate regulation on cross-border capital flow, and improve the system of indicators for monitoring and early warning. We will continue to crack down hard on illegal financial activities.

（九）强化重点领域安全能力建设，切实维护经济安全。牢牢守住粮食安全底线，强化能源资源安全保障，打好关键核心技术攻坚战，加快构建数据基础制度，构建大国储备体系，加强公共安全能力建设。

9. Building up security capacity in key areas and safeguarding economic security

We will remain firm in our commitment to food security and strengthen energy and resource security. We will strive to achieve breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and accelerate the building of basic systems for data. We will institute a system of national reserves befitting our country’s status as a major country and enhance capacity building on public security.

一是不断夯实粮食安全根基。贯彻落实粮食安全保障法，配合制定耕地保护法。全面落实粮食安全党政同责，严格耕地保护和粮食安全责任制考核。坚持最严格的耕地保护制度，改革完善耕地占补平衡制度，坚持“以补定占”，牢牢守住18亿亩耕地红线。大力推进高标准农田建设，优先把东北黑土地区、平原地区、具备水利灌溉条件地区的耕地建成高标准农田，适当提高中央和省级投资补助水平。加强退化耕地治理，稳步推进盐碱地综合利用，分区分类开展盐碱耕地治理改良，实施耕地有机质提升行动。推进灌区现代化建设与改造，完善灌排工程体系。加强中小型水利工程建设。强化对现代种业提升工程建设的支持，选育推广生产急需的自主优良品种，有序推进生物育种产业化，加快种业领域国家重大创新平台建设。加大农业关键核心技术攻关力度，优化农业农村科技创新体系。实施农机装备补短板行动。深入推进优质粮食工程。健全粮食产购储加销协同保障机制，加强现代粮食和农资仓储物流设施建设，改造提升现有仓容，强化粮食产后服务、质量检测等方面建设，提高粮食储备和流通能力，加强粮食储备管理。

1) We will keep consolidating the foundations for food security.

We will implement the food security law and contribute to the legislation on arable land protection. We will see to it that Party committees and governments both assume the responsibility for ensuring food security, and we will carry out strict evaluation of the fulfillment of responsibilities for food security and arable land protection.

We will remain committed to the strictest possible system for arable land protection. While reforming and improving the system that requires any arable land used for nonagricultural purposes to be offset with land of an equivalent amount and quality, we must ensure that the amount of arable land a province can assign to nonagricultural purposes does not exceed its net increase in arable land area in the previous year. In this way, we will ensure that China’s total area of arable land remains above the redline of 120 million hectares.

We will devote more efforts to developing high-standard cropland, first targeting the chernozem soils in the northeast and the arable land on plains and in regions with irrigation conditions. We will properly raise the investments and subsidies from the central and provincial governments for this purpose.

We will intensify efforts to restore degraded arable land, steadily advance comprehensive utilization of saline or alkaline land by restoring and improving such land on a region-specific and category-based basis, and carry out initiatives to increase organic substances in soils. We will further modernize and upgrade irrigation areas and improve irrigation and drainage systems. We will strengthen the construction of small and medium water conservancy facilities.

We will enhance support for projects to upgrade the modern seed and breed industry, select, cultivate, and promote self-developed fine breeds urgently needed for production, promote the industrial application of bio-breeding technology in an orderly manner, and speed up the building of major national innovation platforms in the seed and breed industry.

We will step up research on core agricultural technologies and improve the science and technology innovation system for agricultural and rural development. We will advance initiatives to shore up weaknesses in farming machinery and equipment.

We will push ahead with the quality grain project. We will improve the system for coordinated grain production, purchase, storage, processing, and sale, build more modern storage and logistic facilities for grain and agricultural supplies, and increase storage capacities through facility upgrading. We will improve post-production services and quality inspection for grain, boost grain reserve and distribution abilities, and strengthen management on grain reserves.

二是保障能源资源安全。配合制定能源法，加快规划建设新型能源体系，提升能源自主安全保障能力。强化煤炭兜底保障作用，高标准建设现代化煤矿，加强电煤中长期合同供需双向履约监管，完善煤炭跨区域运输通道和集疏运体系。加快推进煤电等支撑性调节性电源和输电通道建设，增强电力省间互济能力。深化电力体制改革，加快构建清洁低碳、安全充裕、经济高效、供需协同、灵活智能的新型电力系统。加快西部地区清洁能源基地和电力外送通道建设。推进油气增储上产，稳妥推进煤制油气战略基地建设，提升油气进口保障能力。持续实施国内资源保障能力提升工程，实施新一轮找矿突破战略行动，加强海外矿产资源开发合作。持续抓好能源资源价格调控监管。做好迎峰度夏、度冬等用能高峰期和重点时段能源保供，有效保障人民群众和经济社会发展合理用能需求。

2) We will safeguard energy and resource security.

We will contribute to the enactment of an energy law, accelerate the planning and development of a new energy system, and increase China’s capacity for ensuring energy security.

We will strengthen the basic supporting role of coal and build high-standard modern coal mines. We will better supervise the implementation of medium- and long-term contracts between power plants and coal mines to ensure fulfillment by both sides, and we will improve cross-regional coal transportation routes and the system for coal collection, distribution, and transportation. We will move faster with the development of coal-fired power as a supporting and adjusting source of power, speed up the building of power transmission routes, and increase inter-provincial assistance in power supply.

We will advance electricity system reform and expedite the building of a new electric power system that is clean, low-carbon, safe, economical, efficient, flexible, and smart and synchronizes supply with demand with a proper surplus for any possible scenarios. We will speed up the building of clean energy centers in the western region and outward power transmission routes.

We will increase oil and gas reserves and output, steadily advance the building of coal-to-liquids and coal-to-gas strategic bases, and boost our capacity for securing oil and gas imports. We will continue with the projects on better securing domestic resource supplies, launch a new round of mineral exploration initiatives, and step up foreign cooperation on exploiting overseas mineral resources.

We will continue to make sure that energy and resource prices are well regulated and supervised. We will ensure energy supply at times of peak demand in summer and winter and at other critical moments to effectively meet the reasonable demands in people’s life and economic and social development.

三是保持产业链供应链安全稳定。实施制造业重点产业链高质量发展行动，统筹实施关键核心技术攻关与产业基础再造工程，持续组织重大技术装备攻关工程，加强质量支撑和标准引领，提升产业链供应链韧性和安全水平。完善首台（套）、首批次、首版次政策体系。结合现代流通战略支点城市建设，打造重点商品骨干流通走廊。充分发挥产业链供应链重点园区（企业）作用，持续监测产业链供应链运行状况。进一步加强国际产业链供应链合作。

3) We will ensure secure and stable industrial and supply chains.

We will carry out high-quality development initiatives on key industrial chains in the manufacturing sector. We will coordinate making breakthroughs in core technologies in key fields and rebuilding industrial foundations. Major technology and equipment research projects will continue. We will strive for better quality and higher standards and make industrial and supply chains more resilient and secure.

We will improve the policy framework for the first sets of equipment, the first batches of materials, and the first versions of software. Major transportation corridors for key products will be developed in coordination with the building of cities as strategic hubs in the modern distribution system. We will fully leverage the role of industrial parks (enterprises) that are key on the industrial and supply chains, and we will closely monitor the operation of industrial and supply chains. International cooperation on industrial and supply chains will be further enhanced.

四是加强国家储备体系建设。稳步推进中央储备粮直属库、国家石油储备基地、中央政府煤炭储备基地、宁波舟山大宗商品储运基地、北部湾能源集疏运一体化基地等重点储备设施建设，优化储备品种、规模和结构布局，加强储备管理运营和安全防护。

4) We will improve the system for national reserves.

Steady progress will be made in building key storage facilities including grain depots directly under the central government, national oil reserve bases, coal reserve bases under the central government, Ningbo-Zhoushan storage and transportation center for major commodities, and Beibu Gulf integrated center for energy collection, distribution, and transportation. We will improve the varieties, scale, and structure of reserves and strengthen management to ensure safety.

五是强化安全生产和防灾减灾救灾。深入落实安全生产责任制，扎实开展安全生产治本攻坚三年行动，持续提升本质安全水平，强化安全生产考核巡查权威性，坚决防范和遏制重特大事故发生。实施地震易发区房屋设施加固工程，加大农房抗震改造力度，妥善安置受灾群众，全力抓好灾后恢复重建。实施自然灾害应急能力提升工程，强化灾害应急准备和物资保障。维护水利、电力、油气、交通、通信、网络等重要基础设施安全。加快完善流域防洪工程体系，科学布局水库、河道、堤防、蓄滞洪区建设，开工建设一批流域防洪骨干工程，提升北方地区抗旱防洪减灾能力，有序开展重点水源和重大引调水工程建设，提高水安全保障能力。持续加强气象基础设施建设，提升气象灾害预报预警服务能力。加强能源安全监管，持续提升安全应急水平。加大食品药品安全监管力度，加强工业产品、特种设备安全源头治理。

5) We will step up efforts for workplace safety and disaster prevention, mitigation, and relief.

We will see to it that the responsibility system for workplace safety is fully followed through. We will carry out a three-year drive to tackle root problems and difficult issues that hamper workplace safety in order to ensure intrinsic safety in the workplace. We will make sure that the authority of workplace safety assessment and inspection is enhanced, and that major and serious accidents are prevented.

We will continue with the projects to reinforce houses and facilities in earthquake-prone areas and make houses in rural areas more earthquake-proof. We will make proper arrangements for disaster victims and go all out in post-disaster recovery and reconstruction. We will start projects to enhance our response to natural disasters and increase emergency preparedness and relief supplies. We will devote efforts to protecting the safety of key infrastructure including that for water conservancy, power, oil and gas, transportation, telecommunication, and networks.

We will accelerate the improvement of the network of flood prevention projects along rivers, make well-conceived plans for the layout of reservoirs, waterway projects, embankments, and floodwater detention basins, start a number of key flood prevention projects along rivers, and build up the capacity for drought and flood relief and disaster mitigation in north China. We will advance projects on key water sources and major water diversion projects and thus better ensure water security.

We will continue with the construction of meteorological infrastructure and provide better meteorological disaster forecast and early warning services. We will increase supervision to guarantee the security of energy supply and continue to improve our ability to respond to emergencies. We will also tighten supervision on food and drug safety and make greater efforts to address the problems at the source that affect the safety of industrial products and special equipment.

六是巩固提升国防动员能力。研究制定推动新时期国防动员高质量发展的政策措施，健全完善法规制度体系，加强新域新质动员能力建设。优化国防科技工业体系和布局，加强国防科技工业能力建设。积极支持国防和军队现代化建设，加强重大基础设施建设军地统筹，推动一体化国家战略体系和能力巩固提高。

6) We will consolidate and boost national defense mobilization capability.

We will formulate policies and measures for advancing high-quality development of defense mobilization in the new era, improve relevant legal, regulatory, and institutional framework, and build up mobilization capability of new forces in new domains.

We will improve the system and layout of defense-related science, technology, and industry and strengthen related capacity building. We will actively support defense and military modernization. We will enhance military-civilian coordination on major infrastructure construction and consolidate and enhance the integration of national strategies and strategic capabilities.

（十）切实保障和改善民生，增进民生福祉。坚持尽力而为、量力而行，兜住、兜准、兜牢民生底线，着力解决好群众急难愁盼问题，扎实推进共同富裕。

10. Taking concrete steps to ensure and improve the people’s wellbeing and living standards

We will spare no effort in our capacity to meet the people’s basic living needs, resolve the pressing difficulties and problems that concern them the most, and promote prosperity for all.

一是稳定就业促进增收。落实好就业优先政策，健全就业服务体系，促进高校毕业生、退役军人、农民工等重点群体就业。实施先进制造业促就业行动，拓宽就业增长点。实施好促进青年就业三年行动。优化机关事业单位、国企等政策性岗位招聘（录）安排。加强零工市场建设，多渠道促进灵活就业。加快调整高校学科专业布局结构，促进高校学科专业设置与人才实际需求更加匹配。加大公共实训基地建设支持力度，加快促进产训结合，开展百万青年职业技能培训。深化产业工人队伍建设改革。深入实施创业推进行动，加大返乡入乡创业支持力度，带动更多劳动者就地就近就业。坚决纠正性别、年龄、学历等就业歧视。拓宽城乡居民劳动收入和财产性收入渠道。深化收入分配制度改革，研究制定扩大中等收入群体、促进低收入群体增收措施，努力提高居民收入在国民收入分配中的比重，提高劳动报酬在初次分配中的比重。完善企业薪酬调查和信息发布制度，引导企业合理确定工资水平。健全最低工资标准评估机制，合理调整最低工资标准。保障农民工等重点群体工资按时足额发放。

1) We will keep employment stable and increase incomes.

We will implement the employment-first policy, refine the employment service system, and ensure employment for key groups such as college graduates, ex-service personnel, and rural migrant workers. We will launch an initiative to promote employment through developing advanced manufacturing and foster new sources of job creation. We will fully implement the three-year plan to create employment for young people. The policy-backed recruitment schemes of Party and government bodies, public institutions, and state-owned enterprises will be improved. We will support the development of casual labor markets and increase flexible employment through multiple channels.

We will speed up the restructuring of disciplines and majors in universities to better meet the practical demands of the job market. We will strengthen support for the development of public training centers, move more quickly to achieve integration of production and training, and provide vocational skills training for one million young people. We will deepen reform to build up the ranks of industrial workers. We will intensify efforts to promote entrepreneurship and provide more support to people who return or move to the countryside to start businesses so that more people can find jobs in their hometowns or nearby areas. We will work hard to prevent gender, age, and education discrimination in the workplace.

We will expand the channels for urban and rural residents to increase work-based earnings and property income. We will deepen reform of the income distribution system and formulate measures to expand the size of the middle-income group and increase the income of low-income earners. We will work to raise the share of personal income in the distribution of national income and give more weight to work remuneration in primary distribution.

We will improve the systems of salary surveys and information releases and guide enterprises to set salaries at a reasonable level. We will refine the assessment mechanism for minimum wages and adjust them appropriately. We will ensure that key groups such as rural migrant workers get paid on time and in full.

二是健全多层次社会保障体系。织密扎牢社会保障网，健全分层分类的社会救助体系。推动社会保险参保扩面，完善企业职工基本养老保险全国统筹，在全国实施个人养老金制度，适度提高城乡居民基础养老金最低标准、退休人员基本养老金标准。健全基本养老、基本医疗保险筹资和待遇调整机制。推动儿童医疗保障资源有效衔接共享。推进建立长期护理保险制度。持续开展药品耗材集中带量采购。巩固失业保险、工伤保险省级统筹成果。健全最低生活保障标准动态调整机制。统筹防止返贫和低收入人口帮扶政策。持续提升社保经办便利化水平，推动全国社保服务事项标准统一、整体联动、业务协同。

2) We will improve the multi-tiered social security system.

We will establish an effective social safety net and improve the multi-tiered and categorized social assistance system. We will make efforts to expand the coverage of social security programs, bring basic old-age insurance funds for enterprise employees under national unified management, implement the private pension system across the country, and appropriately raise minimum basic old-age benefits for rural and non-working urban residents and basic pensions of retirees. We will improve the mechanisms for financing and adjusting benefits for basic old-age insurance and basic medical insurance. We will work toward better coordination and sharing of medical resources for children.

We will advance long-term care insurance schemes. Bulk government purchases of medicines and medical consumables will continue. We will build on our progress in provincial-level unified management of funds for unemployment and workers’ compensation insurance. We will improve the mechanism for dynamic adjustment in subsistence allowances. We will coordinate the policies on preventing relapses into poverty and supporting low-income groups. We will make continued efforts to facilitate social security services to see that these services are standardized, interconnected, and well-coordinated nationwide.

三是提高公共服务水平。实施积极应对人口老龄化国家战略，加大银发经济相关产品和服务供给，扩大普惠养老供给，构建居家社区机构相协调、医养康养相结合的养老服务体系，实施老年健康服务体系建设工程。建立健全生育支持政策体系，大力发展普惠托育服务，减轻家庭生育、养育、教育负担，加强人口文化建设，推动建设生育友好型社会，促进人口长期均衡发展。推动全面建立中国特色优质高效的医疗卫生服务体系，加快优质医疗资源扩容和区域均衡布局，深入推进国家医学中心和国家区域医疗中心建设，加强县域医共体建设，加强县乡村医疗服务协同联动，深化以公益性为导向的公立医院改革，推动各级各类公立医院高质量发展，推进医院病房改造提升，进一步提升基本公共卫生服务均等化水平。加快补齐儿科、老年医学、精神卫生、医疗护理等服务短板。加强全科医生培养培训。发挥中医药独特优势，促进中医药传承创新发展，加强中医优势专科建设。完善疾病预防控制体系。推进重大疫情防控救治体系和应急能力建设。

3) We will enhance public services.

We will implement the national strategy for proactively addressing population aging, increase the supply of products and services related to the silver economy, and expand the supply of public-interest elderly care services. We will build a system for providing elderly care services at home, through communities, and by institutions to meet diversified medical and health care needs and develop a health service system for the elderly.

We will improve policies supporting childbirth, make greater efforts to develop public-interest childcare, reduce the cost of childbirth, parenting, and education, and develop a population culture. We will work toward a birth-friendly society and promote long-term, balanced population development.

We will work toward a high-quality, efficient medical and healthcare service system with Chinese features across the country. We will see to it that more quality medical resources are made available and are evenly distributed among regions. We will make further progress in building national medical research centers and national-level regional medical centers, integrate county-wide medical resources, and better coordinate medical services at the county, township, and village levels. We will continue to deepen reform of public hospitals to benefit the general public and promote high-quality development of public hospitals of different types at all levels. We will renovate and upgrade wards and ensure more equal access to basic public health services.

We will shore up weak links in services such as pediatrics, geriatrics, mental health, and medical nursing and enhance training of general practitioners. We will give full play to the unique role of traditional Chinese medicine, promote its preservation and innovative development, and strengthen the development of specialty branches that can fully bring the field’s strengths to bear. We will improve the disease prevention and control system and strengthen our emergency response capacity and systems for the prevention, control, and treatment of major epidemics.

四是促进社会事业繁荣发展。推动义务教育优质均衡发展和城乡一体化，改善农村寄宿制学校办学条件，提高职业教育质量，建设中国特色、世界一流的大学和优势学科，实施高等教育综合改革试点，研究优质高等教育资源扩容、优化学科专业和区域布局，增强中西部和东北地区高校办学实力。推进教育高水平对外开放。加强精神文明建设，大力发展社会主义先进文化，推动中华优秀传统文化创造性转化、创新性发展。加强文化遗产保护传承利用，推动文化事业和文化产业繁荣发展。加强文化遗产普查认定，开展第四次全国文物普查，建设国家文化遗产资源大数据库。加强历史文化名城、街区、村镇等整体保护和活态传承。推进中华文明探源。保护传承弘扬好长江、黄河文化。建好用好国家文化公园。推动实施重大文化产业项目带动战略，进一步完善相关政策。创新实施文化惠民工程，加强重大公共文化和旅游设施建设，推动文化和旅游深度融合和高质量发展。发展哲学社会科学、新闻出版、广播影视、文学艺术和档案等事业。持续推进全民健身工作，推动体育公园和国家步道体系建设，打造户外运动高质量目的地，加强社会足球场建设利用，普及群众性公益性赛事活动。推动城市社区嵌入式服务设施建设工程落地生效，让群众在家门口享受到优质普惠社区服务。全面加强儿童友好城市建设。开展家政服务质量提升十大行动，深化家政服务产教融合。加强社会服务设施建设，强化对残疾人等重点群体的关爱与服务。

4) We will promote vibrant development of social programs.

We will promote high-quality, balanced development and urban-rural integration in compulsory education, improve conditions in rural boarding schools, raise the quality of vocational education, and develop world-class universities and strong disciplines with Chinese features. We will launch pilot comprehensive reform of higher education, research on making high-quality higher education resources more broadly available and more evenly distributed among regions and improving the mix of disciplines and majors, and strengthen universities and colleges in the central, western, and northeastern regions. We will promote high-standard opening up of the education sector.

We will work hard to promote cultural-ethical progress, develop advanced socialist culture, and promote the creative evolution and development of the best of traditional Chinese culture. We will better protect, preserve, and use our cultural heritage and vigorously develop cultural programs and the cultural sector. We will strengthen the survey and recognition of cultural heritage, carry out the fourth national survey of cultural relics, and build a national database of cultural heritage. For cities, urban districts, towns, and villages renowned for their rich historical and cultural heritage, we will take a holistic approach to their preservation and see that they continue to develop as living monuments to history. We will advance the Chinese Civilization Origins Project.

We will take effective measures to preserve, pass on, and promote the Yangtze River and Yellow River cultures and build and make good use of national cultural parks. We will implement the strategy on boosting the cultural sector through major projects and further improve relevant policies. We will implement creative cultural projects to benefit the public, step up construction of major public cultural and tourism facilities, and further integrate culture and tourism for their high-quality development. We will continue to support philosophy and social sciences, press and publishing, radio, film, and television, literature and art, archiving, and other undertakings.

We will hold more Fitness-for-All activities, build more sports parks and national fitness trails, and develop more popular destinations for outdoor exercises. We will build and make better use of public soccer fields and organize more non-profit sports activities for the public.

We will deliver on the initiative to build urban community-embedded service facilities so that people can enjoy high-quality, inclusive community services at their doorstep. Comprehensive efforts will be made to develop child-friendly cities. Ten programs on improving the quality of domestic services will be carried out, and industry and training will be further integrated in the domestic service sector. We will build more social service facilities and provide more support and better services for key groups like people with disabilities.

五是加强重要商品供应保障。压实“菜篮子”市长负责制，完善北方大城市冬春蔬菜储备制度，强化生猪产能调控和猪肉储备调节，稳定牛羊肉和奶类供应，做好粮油肉蛋菜等重要民生商品保供稳价工作。依托农产品主产地、主销区、集散地，支持全国骨干农产品批发市场建设，完善农产品现代流通网络。加快建设城郊大仓基地，提高城市生活物资就近应急保障能力。加大价格监管力度。

5) We will guarantee the supply of key products.

We will see to it that mayors fulfill their responsibility for non-staple foods supply, and we will improve the system of vegetable reserves in winter and spring in major northern cities. We will better regulate hog production and pork reserve, maintain stability in the supply of beef, mutton, and dairy products, and ensure adequate supply and stable prices of daily necessities including grain, cooking oil, meat, eggs, and vegetables.

We will support the building of major wholesale markets of produce nationwide and improve the modern produce distribution network by taking into consideration the distribution of main producing regions, main purchasing regions, and distribution centers. We will speed up the building of storage facility centers in suburban areas to raise the local capacity of emergency supplies for urban residents’ daily needs. Pricing oversight will be intensified.

继续全面准确、坚定不移贯彻“一国两制”、“港人治港”、“澳人治澳”、高度自治的方针，坚持依法治港治澳，落实“爱国者治港”、“爱国者治澳”原则，支持香港、澳门发展经济、改善民生、破解经济社会发展中的深层次矛盾和问题，巩固提升香港国际金融、航运、贸易中心和国际航空枢纽地位，支持香港国际创新科技中心建设，支持澳门加快推进世界旅游休闲中心、中国与葡语国家商贸合作服务平台建设，以及以中华文化为主流、多元文化共存的交流合作基地建设，充分发挥港澳独特地位和优势，积极参与粤港澳大湾区建设，更好融入国家发展大局，保持香港、澳门长期繁荣稳定。

We will continue to fully, faithfully, and resolutely implement the policy of One Country, Two Systems, under which the people of Hong Kong administer Hong Kong and the people of Macao administer Macao, both with a high degree of autonomy. We will remain committed to law-based governance in Hong Kong and Macao and see that they are administered by patriots. We will support Hong Kong and Macao in growing their economies, improving the lives of their people, and resolving deep-seated issues and problems in economic and social development. We will enhance Hong Kong’s standing as a center of international finance, shipping, and trade and a hub of international aviation and support it in developing into an international center for scientific and technological innovation. We will support Macao in developing into a world tourism and leisure center, a service platform for commercial and trade cooperation between China and Portuguese-speaking countries, and an exchange and cooperation center where mainstream Chinese culture and diverse cultures coexist. We will give full play to the unique roles and strengths of Hong Kong and Macao and ensure that they are actively involved in the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, better integrate into overall national development, and maintain long-term prosperity and stability.

坚决贯彻新时代党解决台湾问题的总体方略，坚持一个中国原则和“九二共识”，坚决反对“台独”分裂行径和外来势力干涉，推动两岸关系和平发展，促进两岸经济交流合作，深化两岸各领域融合发展，维护中华民族根本利益，增进两岸同胞福祉。

We will implement our Party’s overall policy for the new era on resolving the Taiwan question, stay committed to the one-China principle and the 1992 Consensus, and resolutely oppose separatist activities aimed at “Taiwan independence” and external interference. We will advance the peaceful development of cross-Strait relations, promote economic exchanges and cooperation across the Taiwan Strait, and further integrate cross-Strait development in all fields for the fundamental interests of the Chinese nation and the wellbeing of the Chinese people on both sides of the Taiwan Strait.

各位代表：

Esteemed Deputies,

做好2024年经济社会发展工作任务艰巨、责任重大。我们要更加紧密地团结在以习近平同志为核心的党中央周围，坚持以习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，全面贯彻落实党的二十大和二十届二中全会精神，深刻领悟“两个确立”的决定性意义，增强“四个意识”、坚定“四个自信”、做到“两个维护”，按照党中央、国务院决策部署，自觉接受全国人大的监督，认真听取全国人大代表、全国政协委员的意见和建议，不折不扣、雷厉风行、求真务实、敢作善为抓落实，奋发有为、真抓实干、攻坚克难，努力完成好全年目标任务，为以中国式现代化全面推进强国建设、民族复兴伟业作出新的更大贡献。

Ensuring sound economic and social development in 2024 is a formidable task that carries with it heavy responsibilities. We must rally more closely around the Party Central Committee with Comrade Xi Jinping at its core, follow the guidance of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era, and fully implement the guiding principles from the Party’s 20th National Congress and the Second Plenary Session of the 20th Party Central Committee.

We must develop a deep understanding of the decisive significance of establishing Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and establishing the guiding role of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era. We must be more conscious of the need to maintain political integrity, think in big-picture terms, follow the leadership core, and keep in alignment with the central Party leadership; stay confident in the path, theory, system, and culture of socialism with Chinese characteristics; and uphold Comrade Xi Jinping’s core position on the Party Central Committee and in the Party as a whole and uphold the Central Committee’s authority and its centralized, unified leadership.

We will act in line with the decisions and plans of the Party Central Committee and the State Council, readily submit ourselves to the oversight of the NPC, and earnestly solicit comments and suggestions from NPC deputies and CPPCC National Committee members. We will overcome difficulties and fully deliver on our work in a pioneering spirit without any compromise or delay, and strive to do well in completing the objectives and tasks of this year. In doing so, we will make new and even greater contributions on our journey to build a great country and advance national rejuvenation on all fronts through Chinese modernization.

Note:

1. They include: building a multidimensional Belt and Road connectivity network, supporting an open world economy, carrying out pragmatic cooperation, promoting green development, advancing scientific and technological innovation, supporting people-to-people exchanges, promoting integrity-based Belt and Road cooperation, and strengthening institutional building for international Belt and Road cooperation.

2. The three counties are the county-level Sanhe City, Dachang Hui Autonomous County, and Xianghe County.