每日一词:Circadian Rhythm | 生物钟
编辑:给力英语新闻 更新:2017年3月16日 作者:纽约时报黄少杰
关键词:circadian rhythm 生物钟
美国睡眠基金会这样解释circadian rhythm:
Your circadian rhythm is basically a 24-hour internal clock that is running in the background of your brain and cycles between sleepiness and alertness at regular intervals.
基本来说,你的circadian rhythm是你体内的一架钟表,在大脑的后面运行,在瞌睡和清醒之间有规律地周而复始。
Circadian rhythm也被称作“睡眠/清醒周期”。
Circadian一词的意思是:occurring in approximately 24-hour periods or cycles(以大约24小时为周期出现的)。
根据韦氏词典,这个词是1959年由科学家结合拉丁文circa(大约、左右)与dies(一天)创造出来的。所以circadian rhythm的字面意思就是:以大约24小时为一个周期的(生命)节律。
《纽约时报》观点文章《对抗抑郁症,也许你只需调整睡眠时间》探讨了睡眠不规律与精神疾病之间的关系。作者理查德·A·弗里德曼说:
The reason we don’t all walk around in a state of perpetual jet lag, waking and sleeping at random, is that our circadian rhythm evolved to be tied to the solar day. In other words, our internal clock is easily influenced and kept in check by the daylight cycle.
我们并不会长期处于倒不过时差的状态、随便醒来和入睡,是因为我们的生物钟经过进化,与太阳日挂上了钩。换句话说,我们的生物钟很容易受日光周期影响和控制。
但是,当生物钟被扰乱,就可能诱发精神疾病:
One theory is that depressed people have something wrong with their circadian rhythm. Their bodies tend to release melatonin — a hormone that regulates sleep — earlier in the evening than non-depressed people, and they tend to wake up earlier in the morning.
一个理论是,抑郁症患者的生物钟出了某种问题。比起没患上抑郁症的人,他们的身体往往会在傍晚提早释放褪黑素——一种调节睡眠的荷尔蒙——使得他们在清晨提早醒来。
不只是长途旅行跨越多个时区会让我们的生物钟错乱,有人生来晚上清醒白天犯困,就像有人清晨即起、充满活力一样。时报“摩登情爱”专栏的一篇文章《月光女孩遇上阳光男孩》讲述了一个这样的两个人如何相爱的故事。作者阿曼达·盖福特是一个典型的黑白颠倒的人。她说:
I have a circadian rhythm disorder called delayed sleep phase syndrome. It’s not insomnia; I’ve never had trouble sleeping. It’s that my circadian clock tells me it’s time for bed when the sun is rising and time to wake up as it’s setting.
我有昼夜节奏紊乱的问题,即睡眠相位后移综合症。它不是失眠;我从来都不会睡不着觉。但我的生物钟会在日出时告诉我该上床休息了,在日落时告诉我该醒来了。