Americans are more worried about legal immigrants committing crimes in the U.S. than they were a few years ago, a change driven largely by increased concern among Republicans, while Democrats continue to see a broad range of benefits from immigration, a new poll shows.
一项新的民意调查显示，美国人对合法移民在美国犯罪比几年前更为担忧，这主要是由于共和党人的担忧而加剧，而民主党人仍然从移民中看到他们带来的更多益处。

The poll from The Associated Press-NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that substantial shares of U.S. adults believe that immigrants contribute to the country's economic growth and offer important contributions to American culture. But when it comes to legal immigrants, U.S. adults see fewer major benefits than they did in the past, and more major risks.
美联社—全国民意研究中心（NORC）公共事务研究中心的民意调查发现，相当一部分美国成年人认为移民有助于国家的经济增长，并对美国文化做出重要贡献。但认为合法移民给美国带来许多益处的美国人比例降低，而认为他们带来了较大风险的美国人占比升高。

About 4 in 10 Americans say that when immigrants come to the U.S. legally, it's a major benefit for American companies to get the expertise of skilled workers in fields like science and technology. A similar share (38%) also say that legal immigrants contribute a major benefit by enriching American culture and values.
大约五分之二的美国人表示，当移民合法来到美国时，技术工人的专业知识对科技行业的美国公司来说是一大好处。类似比例（38%）的人也表示，合法移民丰富了美国文化和价值观，给美国带来了益处。

Both those figures were down compared with 2017, when 59% of Americans said skilled immigrant workers who enter the country legally were a major benefit, and half said legal immigrants contribute a major benefit by enriching American culture.
与2017年相比，这两个数字都有所下降。2017年，有59%的美国人表示，合法入境的技术移民工人是非常有益的，一半的人表示，合法移民通过丰富美国文化贡献了益处。

Meanwhile, the share of Americans who say that there's a major risk that legal immigrants will commit crimes in the U.S. has increased, going from 19% in 2017 to 32% in the new poll.
与此同时，在新的民意调查中，认为合法移民有很大机率会在美国犯罪的美国人的比例有所增加，从2017年的19%上升到32%。

Republicans were more likely than Democrats to say that immigration is an important issue for them personally, and 41% now say it's a major risk that legal immigrants will commit crimes in the U.S., up from 20% in 2017. Overall, Republicans are more likely to see major risks — and fewer benefits — from immigrants who enter the country legally and illegally, although they tend to be most concerned about people who come to the country illegally.
共和党人比民主党人更倾向于认为，移民是一个重要问题。41%的共和党人现在认为，合法移民有很大机率会在美国犯罪，高于2017年的20%。总体来说，共和党人更有可能认为，合法和非法入境的移民群体存在重大风险，共和党人从移民群体中看到的益处更少。不过，共和党人最关心的还是非法入境的移民。

Bob Saunders is a 64-year-old independent from Voorhees, New Jersey. He disapproves of President Joe Biden's performance when it comes to immigration and border security and is particularly worried about the number of immigrants coming to the southern border who are eventually released into the country. He stressed that there's a difference between legal and illegal immigration. Saunders said it's important to know the background of the immigrants coming to the U.S. and said legal immigration contributes to the economy. He also noted the immigrants in his own family.
鲍勃·桑德斯（Bob Saunders）是一名64岁的独立人士，来自新泽西州的沃里斯（Voorhees）。他不赞成美国总统拜登在移民和边境安全方面的表现，尤其担心那些来到南部边境并最终被允许进入美国的移民人数。他强调，合法移民和非法移民是有区别的。桑德斯说，了解来美国的移民的背景很重要，合法移民有助于经济发展。他还提到了自己家里的移民。

"It's not anti-immigration," Saunders said. "It's anti-illegal immigration."
“这不是反移民。”桑德斯说：“这是反非法移民。”

Many Republicans, 71%, say there's a risk of people in the country illegally coming to the U.S. and committing crimes, although many studies have found immigrants are less drawn to violent crime than native-born citizens. Even more, 80%, think there's a major risk that people in the country without permission will burden public service programs, while about 6 in 10 Republicans are concerned that there's a major risk of them taking American jobs, that their population growth will weaken American identity or that they will vote illegally — although only a small number of noncitizen voters have been uncovered.
许多共和党人（71%）表示，非法来到美国的移民存在犯罪的风险，尽管许多研究发现，移民比土生土长的公民更不会去从事暴力犯罪。甚至有更多的共和党人（80%）认为，未经许可进入美国的人给公共服务项目带来的负担是一个重大风险，约有60%的共和党人担心，这些移民有很大可能会抢走美国人的工作、他们的人口增长会削弱美国人的身份、或者会非法投票。

Amber Pierce, a 43-year-old Republican from Milam, Texas, says she understands that a lot of migrants are seeking a better life for their children, but she's also concerned migrants will become a drain on government services.
来自德克萨斯州米拉姆（Milam）的43岁共和党人安珀·皮尔斯（Amber Pierce）说，她理解许多移民正在为他们的孩子寻求更好的生活，但她也担心移民会消耗政府服务。

"I believe that a lot of them come over here and get free health care and take away from the people who have worked here and are citizens," Pierce said. "They get a free ride. I don't think that's fair."
皮尔斯说：“我相信他们中的很多人来到这里，得到免费的医疗保健，抢走在这里工作过的公民（的工作）。”她说：“他们坐享其成，我认为这不公平。”

Democrats, on the other hand, are more likely to see benefits from immigration, although the poll did find that only half of Democrats now think that legal immigrants are making important contributions to American companies, a decrease of more than 20 percentage points from 2017. But they're more likely than Republicans to say that the ability of people to come from other places in the world to escape violence or find economic opportunities is extremely or very important to the U.S's identity as a nation.
另一方面，民主党人更有可能看到移民带来的好处，但民意调查发现，现在只有一半的民主党人认为合法移民为美国公司做出了重要贡献，比2017年下降了20多个百分点。但他们比共和党人更有可能认为，允许为了逃离暴力或寻找经济机会的来自世界其他地方的人来到美国，对美国的国家身份“极为重要”或“非常重要”。

"People who are coming, are coming for good reason. It's how many of us got here," said Amy Wozniak, a Democrat from Greenwood, Indiana. Wozniak said previous waves of immigrants came from European countries. Now immigrants are coming from different countries but that doesn't mean they're not fleeing for justifiable reasons, she said: "They're not all drugs and thugs."
来自印第安纳州格林伍德的民主党人艾米·沃兹尼亚克（Amy Wozniak）说：“人们来这里有足够的理由。我们很多人都是这么来的。”沃兹尼亚克说，前一波移民来自欧洲国家，现在移民来自不同的国家，但这并不意味着他们没有正当理由逃离（母国）。她说：“他们不全是毒品和暴徒。”

There's also a divide among partisans about the value of diversity, with 83% of Democrats saying that the country's diverse population makes it at least moderately stronger, compared with 43% of Republicans and Independents. Republicans are more likely than Democrats to say that a shared American culture and set of values is extremely or very important to the United States' identity as a nation, although about half of Democrats also see this as important.
不同党派人士对多样性的价值也存在分歧，83%的民主党人表示，美国多样化的人口让美国更强大，而共和党人和无党派人士的这一比例为43%。共和党人比民主党人更有可能认为，共同的美国文化和价值观对美国的国家身份“极为重要”或“很重要”，但只有大约一半的民主党人也认为这一点是重要的。

U.S. adults — and especially Republicans — are more likely to say that the country has been significantly changed by immigrants in the past five years than they are to say that immigrants have changed their own community or their state. About 3 in 10 U.S. adults say immigrants have had a major impact on their local community while about 6 in 10 say they've had a major impact on the country as a whole. The gap between perceptions of community impact and effects on the country as a whole is particularly wide among Republicans.
美国成年人——尤其是共和党人——更倾向认为，美国在过去五年因移民发生了重大变化，但不会认为自己的社区或自己的州受到这样程度的移民影响。大约30%的美国成年人表示，移民对当地社区产生了重大影响，而大约60%的人表示，他们对整个国家产生了重大影响。在移民的社区影响和对整个国家的影响之间的看法差距方面，共和党人尤其明显。

There is some bipartisan agreement about how immigration at the border between the U.S. and Mexico should be addressed. The most popular option asked about is hiring more Border Patrol agents, which is supported by about 8 in 10 Republicans and about half of Democrats. Hiring more immigration judges and court personnel is also favored among majorities of both parties.
关于如何解决美国和墨西哥边境的移民问题，不同党派的受访者达成了一些一致意见。雇佣更多的边境巡逻队工作人员是得到最多赞同的解决方案，这得到了大约80%的共和党人和大约一半的民主党人的支持。雇佣更多的移民法官和法院工作人员也受到两党多数人的赞同。

About half of Americans support reducing the number of immigrants who are allowed to seek asylum in the U.S. when they arrive at the border, but there's a much bigger partisan divide there, with more Republicans than Democrats favoring this strategy. Building a wall — former President Donald Trump's signature policy goal — is the least popular and most polarizing option of the four asked about. About 4 in 10 favor building a wall, including 77% of Republicans but just 12% of Democrats.
大约一半的美国人支持减少抵达边境后可以在美国寻求庇护的移民人数，但这方面的党派分歧要大得多：支持这一策略的共和党人多于民主党人。修建边境墙是被问及的四个选项中最不受欢迎、也是最两极分化的一个。大约40%的人赞成修建隔离墙，77%的共和党人赞同，但持赞同意见的民主党人只有12%。

Donna Lyon is a Democratic-leaning independent from Cortland, New York. She believes a border wall would do little to stop migrants. But she supports hiring more Border Patrol agents and more immigration court judges to deal with the growing backlog of immigration court cases: "That would stop all the backup that we have."
唐娜·李昂（Donna Lyon）是来自纽约州科特兰（Cortland）的一名更倾向支持民主党的独立人士。她认为边境墙对阻止移民几乎没有作用。但她支持雇佣更多的边境巡逻队工作人员和更多的移民法庭法官来处理日益积压的移民法庭案件：“这可以停止（案件的）积压。”

Congress just recently approved money to hire about 2,000 more Border Patrol agents but so far this year, there's been no significant boost for funding for more immigration judges. Many on both sides of the aisle have said it takes much too long to decide asylum cases, meaning migrants stay in the country for years waiting for a decision, but the parties have failed to find consensus on how to address the issue.
美国国会最近刚刚批准拨款，增加雇佣约2000名边境巡逻队队员。但今年到目前为止，为更多移民法官提供的拨款并没有显著增加。两党的许多人都表示，裁决庇护案件费事过长，移民要在美国境内等待数年才能获得裁决，但不同党派人士就如何解决这一问题没有共识。