Tesla has concluded a series of arrangements with regulators and a Chinese artificial intelligence company during a quick trip to Beijing on Sunday and Monday by Elon Musk, the car maker’s chief executive, potentially clearing the way for the company to offer its most advanced self-driving software on cars in China.
特斯拉首席执行官马斯克周日和周一短暂访问北京，在此期间，公司与监管机构以及一家中国人工智能公司达成了一系列约定，可能为其中国境内的汽车得到公司最先进的自动驾驶技术软件扫清了道路。

Tesla had faced a couple of hurdles to offering the latest level of autonomous driving, which it calls supervised Full Self-Driving. It has needed approval from Chinese regulators, who questioned whether the company took adequate precautions to protect data. And it has needed access to extremely high-resolution maps across the country.
特斯拉此前在提供最新级别的自动驾驶（该公司称之为监督式全自动驾驶）方面面临着一些障碍。它需要获得中国监管机构的批准，而监管机构质疑该公司是否采取了足够的预防措施来保护数据。它还需要访问全中国范围内的极高分辨率地图。

The timing of Mr. Musk’s trip was significant. He arrived in China days after he identified self-driving technology and artificial intelligence as critical to Tesla’s future. Tesla is not just a car company, Mr. Musk told investors last week, saying, “We should be thought of as an A.I. robotics company.”
马斯克此行的时机意义重大。就在他来到中国数天前，他明确了自动驾驶技术和人工智能对特斯拉的未来至关重要。马斯克上周对投资者表示，特斯拉不仅仅是一家汽车公司，“我们应该被视为一家人工智能机器人公司。”

Approval of the technology in China would give Mr. Musk a much-needed win after regulators in the United States issued a harsh assessment of the system’s safety and performance in a report released on Friday.
美国监管机构周五发布的一份报告对该系统的安全性和性能给出了负面的评估，此次在中国获批会让马斯克得到一场急需的胜利。

Mr. Musk flew on his private jet to Beijing on Sunday morning and met almost immediately with Premier Li Qiang, China’s No. 2 official after Xi Jinping. Mr. Li is a longtime ally of Mr. Musk who, when he served as Communist Party secretary in Shanghai, helped clear the way for Tesla’s construction there of what is now the company’s largest car assembly plant.
周日早上，马斯克乘坐私人飞机抵达北京，几乎立刻会见了排在习近平之后的中国第二号人物、国务院总理李强。李强很早就曾对马斯克提供过支持，他在担任上海市委书记时，为特斯拉在上海建设该公司目前最大的汽车装配厂扫清了道路。

The government-linked China Association of Automobile Manufacturers later announced that Tesla and five Chinese automakers had obtained approval from authorities and the association for their data security precautions on dozens of car models. The rules bar automakers in China from using software that would identify the face of anyone outside his or her vehicle, and include many other restrictions. Self-driving systems use cameras to guide vehicles.
与政府有联系的中国汽车工业协会随后宣布，特斯拉和五家中国汽车制造商已获得当局和该协会对数十种车型的数据安全预防措施的批准。这些规定禁止在中国的汽车制造商使用可识别车辆外部任何人脸的软件，还包括许多其他限制。自动驾驶系统使用摄像头来引导车辆。

The cars included Tesla’s Model 3 and Model Y. The five Chinese manufacturers included BYD, which is China’s dominant electric vehicle company and Tesla’s primary global rival, and Nio, a longtime player in China’s auto sector.
获准车型包括特斯拉Model 3和Model Y。五家中国汽车制造商中包括比亚迪和蔚来。比亚迪是中国领先的电动汽车公司，也是特斯拉在全球的主要竞争对手。蔚来是中国汽车行业的长期参与者。

Tesla has run a data center in Shanghai for the past three years that handles the extensive information accumulated by the cars it has sold in China as they navigate the country’s roads. China has tightened its data security regulations in recent years to severely limit information leaving the country.
过去三年来，特斯拉在上海运营了一个数据中心，负责处理其在中国销售的汽车在中国道路上行驶时积累的大量信息。近年来，中国收紧了数据安全法规，严格限制信息外流出境。

Tesla has separately concluded a deal with one of China’s largest tech companies, Baidu, to obtain high-resolution maps of road lanes, according to a person familiar with the deal who was not authorized to speak about it publicly. Tesla cars in China have used Baidu maps for four years for basic navigation, directing drivers where to turn, but have not previously had access to the higher-resolution maps.
据一位未获授权公开谈论此事的知情人士透露，特斯拉已单独与中国最大的科技公司之一百度达成一项协议，以获得高分辨率的道路地图。中国的特斯拉汽车四年来一直使用百度地图进行基本导航，指导驾驶员该在何处转弯，但此前从未使用过更高分辨率的地图。

Baidu is one of about 20 Chinese companies with the necessary credentials from the Chinese government to obtain access to high-resolution mapping data. Automakers are required to team up with one of these companies or be forced to rely heavily on cameras on their vehicles to create their own maps, as Tesla has done until now.
中国约有20家公司拥有中国政府审批的必要资质，能够获取高分辨率地图数据，百度是其中之一。汽车制造商必须与这些公司之一合作，否则就要被迫严重依赖车辆上的摄像头来创建自己的地图，迄今为止特斯拉正是这么做的。

No details were immediately available on Monday on what Tesla has agreed to do in exchange for the approvals. China has a long history of urging multinationals to share considerable technology in exchange for access to its market. But the Chinese government insists that it does not force foreign companies to surrender their commercial secrets, and promised the Trump administration it would not do so.
至于特斯拉同意采取哪些行动来换取此次获批，相关细节在周一还没有立即公布。中国长期以来一直敦促跨国公司分享大量技术，以换取进入其市场的机会。但中国政府坚称不会强迫外国公司交出商业秘密，并向特朗普政府承诺不会这样做。

Tesla’s stock jumped Monday on the news of the approvals in China. The company last week reported that its profit plunged 55 percent in the first three months of the year, while its revenue fell 9 percent. Days earlier, Tesla announced that it would lay off 10 percent of its worldwide work force, or about 14,000 employees.
受在中国获批的消息影响，特斯拉股价周一应声上涨。该公司上周报告称，今年前三个月利润暴跌55%，营收下降9%。数天前，特斯拉宣布将在全球裁员10%，即约1.4万名员工。

As Chinese automakers introduce large numbers of their own electric car models this year, Tesla is doubling down on self-driving capabilities, putting the features into cars ahead of other automakers, despite concerns by regulators and safety experts about the capability of the company’s technology.
随着中国汽车制造商今年推出大量自己的电动汽车车型，特斯拉正在加倍强调其自动驾驶能力，先于其他汽车制造商将这些功能应用到了汽车中，尽管监管机构和安全专家对其技术的能力表示担忧。

Tesla already offers what it calls “supervised Full Self Driving” in the United States. The company charges $99 a month to upgrade Tesla cars from its Autopilot or Enhanced Autopilot driver-assistance systems to the new level.
特斯拉已经在美国提供所谓的“监督式全自动驾驶”。该公司每月收取99美元的费用，将特斯拉汽车的“自动辅助驾驶”或“增强版自动辅助驾驶”系统升级到新水平。

The main traffic safety regulator in the United States said on Friday that it was investigating Tesla’s recall of its Autopilot driver-assistance system because of concerns that the company had not done enough to ensure that drivers remained attentive while using the technology.
美国主要交通安全监管机构周五表示，正在调查特斯拉召回其自动辅助驾驶系统一事，原因是担忧该公司在确保驾驶员在使用该技术时保持注意力方面做得不够。

The regulator, the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration, said there had been at least 29 fatal accidents involving Autopilot and Full Self-Driving from January 2018 to August 2023. The analysis did not assess whether the number of deaths was more or fewer than if humans had been driving without those systems in use. Technology used by other carmakers does a better job of making sure that drivers are paying attention, the highway safety agency said.
监管机构美国国家公路交通安全管理局表示，从2018年1月到2023年8月，至少发生了29起涉及自动辅助驾驶和全自动驾驶的致命事故。该分析并未评估该数字相比人类驾驶车辆的事故是多还是少。高速公路安全机构表示，其他汽车制造商使用的技术可以更好地确保驾驶员集中注意力。

Tesla’s use of the term autopilot “may lead drivers to believe that the automation has greater capabilities than it does and invite drivers to overly trust the automation,” the agency said.
该机构表示，特斯拉使用“自动驾驶”一词“可能会让司机过高估计自动化系统的实际功用，并让司机过度信任自动化系统”。

The agency is also investigating two fatal crashes involving Ford Motors’ BlueCruise system, which allows drivers to take their hands off the steering wheel on many U.S. highways.
该机构还在调查两起涉及福特汽车BlueCruise系统的致命事故，该系统允许驾驶员在美国许多高速公路上将手从方向盘上移开。

China has also had deaths from mistakes made by self-driving cars, which are now offered by numerous Chinese companies as well as Tesla. But crashes involving errors by human drivers are the frequent subject of viral videos in China, feeding a popular perception that self-driving cars may be safer.
中国也曾出现因自动驾驶汽车失误致死案件，目前许多中国公司以及特斯拉都在提供自动驾驶汽车。但在中国，关于人类司机失误导致车祸是爆红视频的常见主题，这助长了认为自动驾驶汽车可能更安全的普遍看法。
(本新闻网址：https://www.geilien.cn/news/2024/nyselfdriving.html)

Joy Dong对本文有研究贡献。

Keith Bradsher是《纽约时报》北京分社社长，此前曾任上海分社社长、香港分社社长、底特律分社社长，以及华盛顿记者。他在新冠疫情期间常驻中国进行报道。 点击查看更多关于他的信息。

Jack Ewing撰写关于汽车产业的报道，重点关注电动车领域。

翻译：纽约时报中文网