A six-week audit by the Federal Aviation Administration of Boeing’s production of the 737 Max jet found dozens of problems throughout the manufacturing process at the plane maker and one of its key suppliers, according to a slide presentation reviewed by The New York Times.
根据《纽约时报》看过的一份幻灯片演示文稿显示，美国联邦航空局对波音737 Max的生产进行了为期六周的审计，发现这家飞机制造商及一家主要供应商在整个制造过程中存在数十个问题。

The air-safety regulator initiated the examination after a door panel blew off a 737 Max 9 during an Alaska Airlines flight in early January. Last week, the agency announced that the audit had found “multiple instances” in which Boeing and the supplier, Spirit AeroSystems, failed to comply with quality-control requirements, though it did not provide specifics about the findings.
今年1月初，阿拉斯加航空公司一架737 Max 9飞机的舱门脱落，航空安全监管机构随后启动了这项调查。上周，该机构宣布，审计发现“多起”波音及供应商势必锐航空系统公司未能遵守质量控制的要求，但没有提供调查结果的具体细节。

The presentation reviewed by The Times, though highly technical, offers a more detailed picture of what the audit turned up. Since the Alaska Airlines episode, Boeing has come under intense scrutiny over its quality-control practices, and the findings add to the body of evidence about manufacturing lapses at the company.
时报看到的演示文稿虽然技术性很强，但对审计所发现的情况提供了更详细的描述。自阿拉斯加航空事件以来，波音公司的质量控制措施受到了严格审计，这些调查结果为该公司的生产失误提供了更多证据。

For the portion of the examination focused on Boeing, the F.A.A. conducted 89 product audits, a type of review that looks at aspects of the production process. The plane maker passed 56 of the audits and failed 33 of them, with a total of 97 instances of alleged noncompliance, according to the presentation.
在针对波音公司的调查部分，联邦航空局进行了89项产品审计，这种审计着眼于生产过程的各个方面。报告显示，这家飞机制造商通过了其中56项，另有33项未通过，总共有97起涉嫌不合规的案例。

The F.A.A. also conducted 13 product audits for the part of the inquiry that focused on Spirit AeroSystems, which makes the fuselage, or body, of the 737 Max. Six of those audits resulted in passing grades, and seven resulted in failing ones, the presentation said.
在调查中，联邦航空局还对势必锐航空系统公司进行了13项产品审计，该公司生产737 Max的机身。报告称，其中六项审计结果为合格，七项不合格。

At one point during the examination, the air-safety agency observed mechanics at Spirit using a hotel key card to check a door seal, according to a document that describes some of the findings. That action was “not identified/documented/called-out in the production order,” the document said.
一份描述部分调查结果的文件显示，在调查过程中，联邦航空局看到到势必锐的机械师使用酒店门卡检查舱门的密封性。该文件称，该操作“未在生产订单中确定/记录/要求”。

In another instance, the F.A.A. saw Spirit mechanics apply liquid Dawn soap to a door seal “as lubricant in the fit-up process,” according to the document. The door seal was then cleaned with a wet cheesecloth, the document said, noting that instructions were “vague and unclear on what specifications/actions are to be followed or recorded by the mechanic.”
文件显示，在另一个例子中，联邦航空局看到势必锐的机械师将黎明牌肥皂液涂抹在门封上，“作为安装过程中的润滑剂”。文件称，机械师随后用一块湿的薄纱棉布清洁门封，并称这些指示“含糊不清，没有明确技工应该遵循或记录哪些规范/操作”。

Asked about the appropriateness of using a hotel key card or Dawn soap in those situations, a spokesman for Spirit, Joe Buccino, said the company was “reviewing all identified nonconformities for corrective action.”
当被问及在这种情况下使用酒店门卡或肥皂液是否合适时，势必锐发言人乔·布奇诺表示，该公司正在“审计所有已发现的不符合项，以便采取纠正措施”。

Boeing did not immediately comment on the results of the audit. In late February, the F.A.A. gave the company 90 days to develop a plan for quality-control improvements. In response, its chief executive, Dave Calhoun, said that “we have a clear picture of what needs to be done,” citing in part the audit findings.
波音没有立即对审计结果发表评论。2月下旬，联邦航空局要求该公司在90天内制定一项品控改进计划。作为回应，该公司首席执行官戴夫·卡尔霍恩表示，“我们清楚地知道需要做什么”，他部分引用了审计结果。

Boeing said this month that it was in talks to acquire Spirit, which it spun out in 2005. Mr. Buccino said on Monday that Spirit had received preliminary audit findings from the F.A.A. and planned to work with Boeing to address what the regulator had raised. He said Spirit’s goal was to reduce to zero the number of defects and errors in its processes.
波音公司本月表示，正在就收购势必锐公司进行谈判，该公司是波音公司于2005年分拆出来的。布奇诺周一表示，势必锐公司已经收到了联邦航空局的初步审计结果，并计划与波音公司合作，解决监管机构提出的问题。他说，势必锐的目标是将其过程中的缺陷和错误数量减少到零。

“Meanwhile, we continue multiple efforts undertaken to improve our safety and quality programs,” Mr. Buccino said. “These improvements focus on human factors and other steps to minimize nonconformities.”
“与此同时，我们将继续采取多种措施，改善我们的安全和质量项目，”布奇诺说。“这些改进的重点是人为因素和其他步骤，尽量减少不合规。”

The F.A.A. said it could not release specifics about the audit because of its ongoing investigation into Boeing in response to the Alaska Airlines episode. In addition to that inquiry, the National Transportation Safety Board is investigating what caused the door panel to blow off the plane, and the Justice Department has begun a criminal investigation.
联邦航空局表示，由于正在针对阿拉斯加航空公司事件对波音公司进行调查，因此无法透露审计的具体细节。除此之外，美国国家运输安全委员会正在调查舱门板从飞机上脱落的原因，司法部也已展开刑事调查。

During the F.A.A.’s examination, the agency deployed as many as 20 auditors at Boeing and roughly half a dozen at Spirit, according to the slide presentation. Boeing assembles the 737 Max at its plant in Renton, Wash., while Spirit builds the plane’s fuselage at its factory in Wichita, Kan.
幻灯片演示文稿显示，在联邦航空局调查期间，该机构在波音公司部署了多达20名审计员，在势必锐公司部署了大约六名审计员。波音公司在华盛顿州伦顿的工厂组装737 Max。势必锐公司则在其位于堪萨斯州威奇托的工厂制造飞机的机身。

The audit at Boeing was wide ranging, covering many parts of the 737 Max, including its wings and an assortment of other systems.
对波音公司的审计范围很广，涵盖了737 Max的许多部件，包括机翼和各种其他系统。

Many of the problems found by auditors fell in the category of not following an “approved manufacturing process, procedure or instruction,” according to the presentation. Some other issues dealt with quality-control documentation.
根据幻灯片，审计员发现的许多问题属于未遵循“批准的制造过程、程序或指令”的范畴。另外一些问题涉及质量控制文件。

One audit dealt with the component that blew off the Alaska Airlines jet, known as a door plug. Boeing failed that check, according to the presentation. Some of the issues flagged by that audit related to inspection and quality-control documentation, though the exact findings were not detailed in the presentation.
其中一项审计针对的是导致阿拉斯加航空公司那架飞机脱落的部件，即门塞。根据报告，波音公司未能通过这项检查。审计发现的一些问题与检查和质量控制文件有关，不过报告没有详细说明具体的发现。

The F.A.A.’s examination also explored how well Boeing’s employees understood the company’s quality-control processes. The agency interviewed six company engineers and scored their responses, and the overall average score came out to only 58 percent.
联邦航空局的调查还涉及波音员工对公司质量控制流程的了解程度。该机构走访了六名该公司的工程师，并对他们的回答进行了打分，总体平均得分只有58%。

One audit at Spirit that focused on the door plug component found five problems. One of those problems, the presentation said, was that Boeing “failed to provide evidence of approval of minor design change under a method acceptable to the F.A.A.” It was not clear from the presentation what the design change was.
在势必锐进行的一次重点针对门塞组件的审计发现了五个问题。报告称，其中一个问题是，波音“未能提供证据，证明按照美国联邦航空局可接受的方法批准了小的设计变更”。报告未说明是什么设计变更。

Another audit dealt with the installation of the door plug, and it was among those that Spirit failed. The audit raised concerns about the Spirit technicians who carried out the work and found that the company “failed to determine the knowledge necessary for the operation of its processes.”
另一项审计涉及门塞的安装，这也是势必锐未能通过的审计之一。审计员对负责这项工作的势必锐公司技术人员表示担忧，并发现该公司“未能确定其流程操作所需的知识”。

Other audits that Spirit failed included one that involved a cargo door and another that dealt with the installation of cockpit windows.
势必锐未通过的其他审计包括一项涉及货舱门的审计和一项涉及驾驶舱窗户安装的审计。

Mark Walker是驻华盛顿的一名调查记者，主要关注交通领域。

翻译：晋其角