The education consultant in India didn’t reveal to Maninderjit Kaur, a Canada-bound student, where exactly, relative to Toronto, the college she had enrolled in was.
印度的留学顾问没有向曼茵德吉特·考尔透露，她将去加拿大就读的学校相对于多伦多在什么具体位置。

Ms. Kaur told my colleague, Norimitsu Onishi, that after a never-ending Uber ride — eight hours and 800 Canadian dollars later — she had ended up in Timmins, Ontario, a place she had never heard of.
考尔告诉我的同事大西哲光，她乘坐的Uber车没完没了地开了八个小时，耗费了她800加元后，她最终到达了安大略省的蒂明斯，一个她从未听说过的地方。

But, as Nori reported, finishing a degree in this remote city was perhaps less of an isolating experience given that 82 percent of students at Northern College in Timmins are foreign nationals, mostly from India.
但正如诺里报道的那样，在这个偏远城市完成学位也许并不是那么孤立无援，因为蒂明斯北方学院82%的学生都是外国人，其中大部分来自印度。

Recruiting foreign students who pay higher tuition fees — roughly five times as much as Canadians to obtain an undergraduate degree, according to the census agency — has always been attractive to the country’s institutions. It has also become increasingly important for the federal government, which is vying to hit a lofty goal of attracting 1.45 million immigrants between 2023 and 2025.
招收外国学生一直对加拿大的院校具有吸引力，因为外国学生支付更高的学杂费，据人口普查机构的数据，外国学生在加拿大获得本科学位的学费大约是本国学生的五倍。招收外国学生对加拿大联邦政府来说也已变得越来越重要，因为联邦政府正在努力实现2023至2025年间争取145万人移民该国的极高目标。

By announcing this record-breaking target in November 2022, as part of a strategy to plug national labor shortages, Canada signaled that it was headed in the opposite direction from many Western governments that are curtailing migration, as I reported at the time. (As of this week, most foreign students in Britain will no longer be allowed to bring their families, a move that the country’s Home Office said delivered on its commitment to “a decisive cut in migration.”)
政府在2022年11月宣布了这个创纪录的目标，这是解决全国劳动力短缺战略的一部分，这表明它加拿大在走向与许多限制移民的西方政府相反的方向，正如我当时报道的那样。 （从本周起，大多数在英国留学的外国学生将不再允许携带家属，英国内政部表示，此举是在兑现其“果断削减移民”的承诺。）

In Canada, the surge of overseas students has fanned concerns about the readiness of university and college communities to adequately host them, and about efforts to ensure that their labor and their finances are not exploited. The immigration minister, Marc Miller, recently announced a handful of measures taking effect this month for foreign students.
在加拿大，外国学生的激增令人们担心大学和学院所在社区是否对留学生的到来做好了充分准备、是否能确保他们的劳动力和财务不受剥削。移民部长马克·米勒最近宣布了几项针对留学生的措施，将于本月生效。

For the first time since the early 2000s, the government has increased the savings threshold that foreign students must have to qualify for a study permit to about 20,600 Canadian dollars, up from 10,000 dollars. And it will continue, until at least April, to allow international students to work more than 20 hours per week, a policy it had previously walked back.
自2000年代初以来，政府首次将外国学生获得学习许可所需的存款门槛从1万加元提高到了约2.06万加元。至少到今年4月，政府将继续允许国际学生每周工作20个小时以上，该政策此前曾被撤回。

Without providing details, Mr. Miller’s ministry said it was also looking into ways that it could ensure colleges and universities, which are provincially regulated, accept only as many students as they can assist in finding housing.
米勒领导的移民、难民及公民部表示，正在研究如何确保大专院校接收的学生数量不超过它们能够帮助找到住房的人数，但没有提供细节。加拿大的大专院校受省级政府监管。

“Ahead of September 2024, we are prepared to take necessary measures, including significantly limiting visas, to ensure that designated learning institutions provide adequate and sufficient student supports,” Mr. Miller said last month at a news conference in which he announced the changes. He accused some institutions of operating the “diploma equivalent of puppy mills,” depriving those foreign students of a positive academic experience in the face of outsize hardships and a lack of intervention by provincial governments.
“在2024年9月之前，我们准备采取必要措施，包括大幅限制签证签发数量，以确保接受留学生的认定机构给学生提供合乎需要的足够支持，”米勒上个月在宣布这些变化的新闻发布会上说。他指责一些院校经营“相当于幼犬犬舍的文凭工厂”，剥夺了外国留学生积极的学术体验，让他们面临特别大的困难，而省级政府却不出面干预。

“Enough is enough,” Mr. Miller added. “If provinces and territories cannot do this, we will do it for them, and they will not like the bluntness of the instruments that we use.”
“这种情况不该再继续下去，”米勒还说。“如果各省和地区级政府不管的话，我们将代它们做这件事，它们不会喜欢我们使用的直率手段。”

The number of international students in Canada has skyrocketed over the last three years, with a 60 percent increase in the number of study permits processed by the immigration ministry. It completed more than one million new study permit applications and extensions in 2023, a record, up from 838,000 in 2022 and 560,000 in 2021.
来加拿大读书的国际学生数量在过去三年猛增，移民部签发的学习许可数量增加了60%。2023年，移民部批准的新学习许可和现有许可延期申请达到了创纪录的100多万份，高于2022年的83.8万份，2021年的56万份。

Study permits aren’t strictly capped, but permanent residencies do adhere to annual quotas. In 2022, Canada welcomed about 432,000 permanent residents, and of those, 95,000 were previously international students, according to a September 2023 report by four Canadian senators urging the government to address “program integrity issues.” Those include an increasing perception that aiming for a Canadian degree is a sure pathway to citizenship.
学习许可没有严格的上限，但永久居留权的批准需要遵守年度配额。据加拿大上议院的四名议员在2023年9月发布的报告，2022年，加拿大迎来了约43.2万名永久居民，其中的9.5万名以前是国际学生，这些议员呼吁政府解决“项目诚信问题”。其中包括越来越普遍的一种看法，即在加拿大取得学位是通往公民身份的可靠道路。

“It’s not a pathway — it’s a minefield,” said Syed Hussan, executive director of the Migrant Workers Alliance for Change, a migrant-led organization, similar to a union, based in Toronto.
“这不是道路，而是雷区，”移民工人争取变革联盟的执行主任赛义德·胡桑说，这个类似于工会的组织总部位于多伦多，由移民领导。

He characterized the changes as minor “tweaks” to a system that was probably due for an overhaul.
他把移民部提出的变化描述为对一个可能需要彻底改造的系统做出的微小“调整”。

“We’re constantly hearing issues around high tuition fees, difficulty being able to get permanent resident status, exploitation of work and exploitation by landlords,” Mr. Hussan said.
“我们不断听到有关高昂学杂费、难以获得永久居民身份、受雇主和房东剥削的问题，”胡桑说。

Placing firm caps on student permits is not the answer, said Anna Triandafyllidou, a migration researcher and professor at Toronto Metropolitan University, but she added that the government should do a better job of regulating migrant flow to avoid stoking “cutthroat” competition to stay in Canada.
严格限制学生许可的数量不是解决问题的办法，在多伦多城市大学研究移民问题的安娜·特里安达菲莉杜教授说，但她还说，政府应该更好地监管移民流动问题，避免他们为留在加拿大而引发“残酷”的竞争。

“Otherwise you create this huge bottleneck where you admit 600,000 international students, but these have to compete with everyone else for 450,000 permanent residence permits,” she said.
“否则会产生这个巨大的瓶颈，每年招收60万名国际学生，但这些学生必须与其他人竞争每年的45万份永久居留许可，”她说。

It is becoming more common for migrants to spend some time living in the country before becoming permanent residents, a process known as two-step immigration, which is seen almost as a taboo in Canada, Professor Triandafyllidou told me.
特里安达菲莉杜告诉我，移民在成为永久居民之前先在加拿大生活一段时间，这种做法已变得越来越普遍，这一过程被称为两步移民，在加拿大几乎被视为禁忌。

Canada should recognize it has “a two-step system and just make sure that it works properly,” she said.
加拿大应该认识到本国已经有了“一个两步移民系统，并确保其适当地运转，”她说。

Vjosa Isai是《纽约时报》驻多伦多的记者和研究员。

翻译：Cindy Hao