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What I hide by my language,my body utters. - Roland Barthes Reading and thinking Listening to How Bodies Talk 倾听身体的诉说
We use both words and body language to express our thoughts and opinions in our interactions with other people. We can learn a lot about what people are thinking by watching their body language. Words are important, but the way people stand, hold their arms, and move their hands can also give us information about their feelings. 在与他人交往时，我们用话语和肢体语言来表达自己的想法和观点。通过观察别人的肢体语言，我们可以洞察他们的想法。话语固然重要，但是人们站立、双手抱臂、移动双手的姿势，也能为我们提供有关他们的情感信息。
Just like spoken language, body language varies from culture to culture. The crucial thing is using body language in a way that is appropriate to the culture you are in. For example, making eye contact—looking into someone’s eyes—in some countries is a way to display interest. In other countries, by contrast, eye contact is not always approved of. For example, in many Middle Eastern countries, men and women are not socially permitted to make eye contact. In Japan, it may demonstrate respect to look down when talking to an older person. 不同的文化有着不同的肢体语言，这与口头语言相似。使用肢体语言时，最重要的是符合你所处的文化。例如，在一些国家，眼神交流（即直视别人的眼睛）——是表现兴趣的一种方式。相反，在另一些国家，眼神交流并不总是被认可。例如，在许多中东国家，社交上不允许男性和女性进行眼神交流。在日本，与年长者交谈时，目光下垂表示尊敬。
The gesture for “OK” has different meanings in different cultures. In Japan, someone who witnesses another person employing the gesture might think it means money. In France, a person encountering an identical gesture may interpret it as meaning zero. However, you should avoid making this gesture in Brazil and Germany, as it is not considered polite. “OK”这个手势在不同的文化中有不同的含义。在日本，一个人看到另一个人用这个手势，可能会认为这表示金钱。在法国，看到同一个手势的人可能会将其解读为“零”。然后，在巴西和德国，你应该避免使用这个手势，因为这是一个被视为不礼貌的手势。
Even the gestures we use for “yes” and “no” differ around the world. In many countries, shaking one’s head means “no”, and nodding means “yes”. By comparison, in Bulgaria and southern Albania, the gestures have the opposite meaning. There are also differences in how we touch each other, how close we stand to someone we are talking to, and how we act when we meet or part. In countries like France and Russia, people may kiss their friends on the cheek when they meet. Elsewhere, people favour shaking hands, bowing from the waist, or nodding the head when they meet someone else. 即便是用于表示肯定和否定的身势语，在世界各地也不尽相同。在许多国家，摇头表示否定，点头表示肯定。相比之下，在保加利亚和阿尔巴尼亚南部地区，这两个身势语的含义截然相反。在身体接触方式、站着交谈时双方的距离、见面和告别的动作方面，也有很多差异。在法国、俄罗斯等国，朋友见面时会相互亲吻脸颊。在其他地区，与别人见面时，人们更喜欢握手鞠躬或点头。
Some gestures seem to have the same meaning everywhere. Placing your hands together and resting them on the side of your head while closing your eyes means “sleep”. A good way of saying “I am full” is moving your hand in circles over your stomach after a meal. 有些手势似乎在任何地方含义都相同。双手合十放在头部的一侧，同时闭上你的眼睛，意为“睡觉”。表示“我吃饱了”的一个好方式，就是在饭后用手在肚子上画圈。
Some body language has many different uses. Perhaps the best example is smiling. A smile can help us get through difficult situations and find friends in a world of strangers. A smile can breakdown barriers. We can use a smile to apologise, to greet someone, to ask for help, or to start a conversation. Experts suggest smiling at yourself in the mirror to make yourself feel happier and stronger. And if we are feeling down or lonely, there is nothing better than seeing the smiling face of a good friend. 某些肢体语言有着许多不同的用处。也许最佳的例子就是微笑了。微笑可以帮助我们摆脱困境，在陌生的世界里找到朋友。微笑可以打破隔阂。我们可以用微笑来道歉、问候他人、寻求帮助或主动攀谈。专家建议，我们应该对着镜子微笑，让自己感到更加快乐和坚强。当我们感到沮丧或孤单时，最美好的事情莫过于看到好友的笑脸。 Watch Video Smile Trial (Page 39) SMILE TRIAL
Do you think you are able to pick out the fake smile?
If you picked the one on the left, you're correct.
Okay. let's try another round. Which smile is fake?
Surprised? It's harder than you thought, right?
If you didn’t get these correct, you're not alone. We wanted to see if the average person could spot a fake smile, so we brought this game to the park
“That one's fake.” And found that people only get it right about half the time.
“Yeah. I think that one's real.”
“It’s really hard to tell.”
“Yeah. I don’t know.”
“Unless you know how smiles actually work. There is a term, okay? It's called the Duchenne Smile. Duchennne Smile means it's a real smile. A real smile involves the muscles around the eyes being a part of the smile.”
Guillaume Duchenne was a French scientist who wanted to learn more about facial expressions so he used electrical stimulation to create a fake smile. Then he compared it to a real one by telling his subject a joke and the difference was striking. What he discovered is that a real smile causes the muscles around your eyes to contract, creating tell-tale crinkles.
Now that you know the trick, let's see if you can pick out the fake smile.
Which smile is real? The right, or the left?
The eyes are a dead giveaway, right? The smile on the left is genuine
Wanna try another one?
What do you think? See how the skin around the eyes scrunches up involuntarily? The left smile is real.
Okay, one more. But it's a little trickier
Which smile is real? The right or the left?
Can you see how the skin around her eyes wrinkled up just a tiny bit more on the right? That's the real smile.
It's not surprising that real and fake smiles activate two different parts of the brain. A real smile involves the areas of the brain related to emotion. |
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