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Reading and Writing P71 CLONING: WHERE IS IT LEADING US?
克隆:它将把我们引向何方?
When it was anounced in 2018 that the Chinese Academy of Sciences in Shanghai had created the worlds first cloned monkeys, Zhongzhong and Huahua, heated discussions followed online.In fact, cloning has always been with us. It is a way of making an exact copy of another animal or plant. It happens in plants when gardeners take cuttings from growing plants to make new ones. It also happens in animals when identical twins are produced from the same egg. These are both examples of natural clones.
2018 年，当上海中科院宣布创造了世界上第一批克隆猴“中中”和“华华”时，网上引发了激烈的讨论。事实上，克隆一直与我们同在。这是一种复制另一种动物或植物的方法。当园丁从正在生长的植物上取下枝条来制作新的植株时，就会发生这种情况。在动物中，当同一个卵子产生同卵双胞胎时，也会发生这种情况。这两个都是自然克隆的例子。
Cloning has two major uses. First, gardeners use it to produce large quantities of plants for sale. Second, it is valuable for research on new plant species and for medical research on animals. Cloning plants is fairy straightforward， while cloning animals is much more complicated and diffcult. Over the years, many scientists failed in their attempts to clone animals, but their determination and patience paid off in 1996 with a breakthrough-the cloning of Dolly the sheep.
克隆有两个主要用途。首先，园丁用它生产大量可供出售的植物。第二，对植物新品种研究和动物医学研究都有价值。克隆植物很简单，而克隆动物则要复杂和困难得多。多年来，许多科学家克隆动物的尝试都失败了，但他们的决心和耐心在 1996 年取得了突破——克隆了多利羊。
• The sheep cloning procedure works like this:
• 克隆羊的过程是这样的：
• Female sheep A provid an egg cell.
• 母羊A提供卵细胞
• The nucleus is removed from the egg cell.
• 细胞核被从卵细胞中移除。
• The egg cell is ready for a new nucleus
• 卵细胞已经准备好形成新的细胞核
• Female sheep B provides a somatic cell(体细胞) for the clone. The nucleus of this cell contains all the genes needed to produce a new sheep.
• 母羊B提供一个体细胞（体细胞)为了克隆。这种细胞的细胞核含有产生新绵羊所需的所有基因。
• The nucleus is taken out of the somatic cell.
• 细胞核从体细胞中取出。
• The somatic cell nucleus from sheep B and the egg cell from sheep A are joined.
• 羊B的体细胞核与羊A的卵细胞连接。
• The cell divides and grows into an embryo.
• 细胞分裂并长成胚胎。
• The embryo is put into female sheep C, who becomes the carrier of the clone.
• 将胚胎放入母羊C中，母羊成为克隆的载体。
• The lamb which is born is the clone of sheep B. It is in every way identical to sheep B,but younger.
• 出生的羔羊是绵羊B的克隆体。它在各方面都与绵羊B相同，但更年轻。
With the advances of scientific research, cloning will have seveal major uses in the future. For one thing,it could be used to breed animals species which are endanger,or even bring back species which are extinct .For another, it could be used to grow human organs or tissue in animals which could be used for human organ transplants or medical treatments. Finally, cloning could be used to breed animals that will provide us with higher quality meat, milk, or eggs.
随着科学研究的进步，克隆在未来将有几个主要用途。一方面，它可以用来繁殖濒临灭绝的动物，甚至使灭绝的物种复活。另一方面，它可以用在动物身上生长人体器官或组织，用于人体器官移植或医疗。最后，克隆技术还可以用来培育动物，为我们提供更优质的肉、奶或蛋。
Whie there are technical issues that need to be worked through to make widespread cloning possible, the biggest concerns are moral. For example, if scientists brought an extinct animal back into existence, it would probably end up living in a zoo. That is not very good for the animal. Even worse for the animal is using it as a source of organ transplants—because it will be injured or even die. In addition, many people worry that eating animal products that result from cloning might be harmful to our heath over time. The possibility of using cloning to produce human beings is an even bigger concern. What would happen if such knowedge ended up in the wrong hands?
要使大规模克隆成为可能，还需要解决一些技术问题，但最大的问题是道德问题。例如，如果科学家使一种灭绝的动物复活，它很可能最终生活在动物园。这对动物不是很好。对动物来说更糟糕的是把它作为器官移植的来源——因为它会受伤甚至死亡。此外，许多人担心食用克隆动物产品会随着时间的推移对我们的健康有害。利用克隆技术生产人类的可能性更大。如果这些知识最终落入坏人手中，会发生什么？
When it comes to cloning, we wonder, ultimately, whether cloning will help or harm the world.No doubt, we will be talking about this question for a long time to come.
谈到克隆，我们最终想知道克隆对世界是有益还是有害。毫无疑问，我们将在未来很长一段时间里讨论这个问题。 |
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