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Lesson 1 The Spirit of Explorers Viking Voyages To America The Vikings were the first Europeans to reach America. They achieved this long before Columbus ever set sail. The Vikings were a group of people whose ancestors came from Scandinavia. They controlled the seas and coasts of Northern Europe between the 8th and 10th centuries AD. By around 900 AD, there were many places in Northern Europe where the Vikings chose to live. In 982 AD, when a man called Eric the Red decided to set sail further west,there were as many as 10,000 Vikings living in Iceland. According to the old stories of Iceland and Norway,Eric the Red was forced to leave Iceland because he had committed a murder, for which he got into trouble. Eric reached Greenland and discovered that people could live in the place where he landed. He returned to Iceland and told people there about Greenland. He persuaded some people to go back with him to Greenland. Eric set sail once again, this time with 25 ships, of which only 14 made it to Greenland. Not long after Eric the Red had landed in Greenland, a man called Biarni set sail from Iceland in search of Eric's party. Biarni was hoping to join his father who was with Eric,but he was blown off course and found himself in an unknown land, from where he eventually reached Greenland. In the year 1002, when Eric the Red's son Leif was planning a trip further west,Biarni was the man with whom Leif discussed his plans. Leif followed Biarni's directions and sailed to what is believed to be the coast of present-day Canada. He then sailed further south to an island which is now known as Newfoundland. We know about Eric the Red and Leif's deeds through stories which were written down centuries later in Norway and Iceland. They are the first records we have of Europeans sailing to the Americas. Pronunciation: Showing Interest Exercise 6 Listen to the conversation. Which words and sounds show that the listener is interested or not interested? 1. I had a fantastic holiday in Egypt. Yes? 2. The hotel was really fantastic.There were two swimming pools, a huge lake with windsurfing,tennis courts... Mm, were there? 3. I went on a boat with a glass bottom looking at the amazing multi-coloured fish. Mm, did you really? 4. Here is a photo of my family outside the hotel. Mm. 5. And this is a photo from our bedroom window. Yes? 6. This is me by the swimming pool. Really? 7. This is a photo of our boat trip.There's a shark. Mm. 8. And this is when one of the passengers fell into the water and almost drowned. Mm. 第一课 探险家精神 纳维亚人航行去美洲 纳维亚人是第一批到达美洲的欧洲人。 他们达到美洲很久以后，哥伦布才启航。 纳维亚人的祖先来自斯堪的纳维亚半岛。 公元8世纪到10世纪，他们控制着北欧的海域及沿岸地区。 到公元900年左右，纳维亚人可以在北欧的许多地方随意居住。 公元982年，一个叫埃里克o雷德的人决定启航去更远的西部时，有1万个纳维亚人住在冰岛。 根据冰岛和挪威的传说，埃里克o雷德因一起谋杀，而被迫离开冰岛。 埃里克到达格陵兰岛后发现，人们可以在他登陆的这个地方居住。 他回到冰岛，告诉人们有关格陵兰岛的事。 他说服一些人与他一起回到了格陵兰岛。 埃里克再次启航，这次有25只船随航，而其中只有14只到达格陵兰岛。 埃里克o雷德登上格陵兰岛后不久，一个叫比阿尼的人就从冰岛启航寻找埃里克一行人。 比阿尼希望与跟随埃里克的父亲在一起。 但是他掉队了，并发现自己在一个不知名的岛上，从那之后，他最终到达了格陵兰岛。 1002年，当埃里克o雷德的儿子赖伊夫计划去更远的西部航行时，比阿尼正是赖伊夫与之讨论计划的人。 赖伊夫在比阿尼的指引下，航行到（人们认为是）现在的加拿大海岸。 后来，他向更远的南部航行到现在众所周知的纽芬兰。 我们在几个世纪后，挪威和冰岛记载的传说中，了解到埃里克o雷德和赖伊夫的事迹。 他们是我们有的欧洲人航行去美国的最初纪录。 |
