你能买到的九款军车 - BBC(2023年6月14日)
DUKW “鸭子”水陆两用运输车（图片：美国拍卖）
DUKW “鸭子”水陆两用运输车
原产国：美国
如同经典款的威利斯（Willys）吉普车和福特（Ford）吉普车，身形巨大的六轮军车DUKW首制于二战时期。DUKW有一个流传更为广泛且更易记住的名字——“鸭子”。“鸭子”的特征在于船体瘦长、后轴的后侧有一个25英寸的单螺旋桨。它搭载了一台92马力的直列六缸发动机，车重接近15,000磅（6804千克）。虽然DUCK行驶速度较慢，但它不屈不挠的抗打击能力弥补了这个不足。在1942年到1945年间制造的约21,000辆“鸭子”中，竟有数目惊人的一批直到现在仍性能良好、水陆两用。其中许多已在波士顿、伦敦之类的城市另得高就——作为旅游交通工具，但也有少数成了私人收藏家的冒险玩具。
价格：因行情而异，但上图中修复还原的车型在2014年7月的拍卖会上成交价为78,775美元。
吉普指挥官版概念车 （图片：菲亚特集团）
吉普指挥官版概念车
原产国：美国
一年一度的复活节吉普盛会（Easter Jeep Safari）是成千上万名纵观全美的越野爱好者最激动的时刻。越野比赛在犹他州摩押小镇（Moab, Utah）颇具挑战性的地形中展开，为吉普设计师和工程师拓展公司车型提供了契机。军旅风格的指挥官版吉普车是今年将在犹他亮相的七款吉普衍生概念车中的一款。外观方面，以吉普牧马人无限版为基础改装的吉普指挥官版概念车通体涂以沙暴的棕褐色车漆，采用可拉伸帆布敞篷结构。尤为突出的是，该车采用了开放式的无门设计并装配有低背的长条座椅。动力方面，它采用牧马人的标配，即3.6公升V型6缸汽油机匹配以六档手动变速箱。配件方面，它装配了由吉普性能配件出品的两英寸底盘升高套件、由凡士通出品的35英寸美国军用轮胎包裹的钢制轮毂、以及一个经典款的五加仑装汽油罐，其翼子板上还装有防空转向灯，而在驾驶员一侧的车身上更是绑上了铁锹和斧头。车上配备的貌似陈旧的弹药箱，其实是一个冷藏库，足以容纳85罐冷藏饮料。
售价：无（吉普牧马人无限版罗宾汉坚如磐石四轮驱动，售价40,990美元）
雷诺夏尔巴人 （图片：雷诺卡车）
雷诺夏尔巴人
原产国：法国
实力雄厚的雷诺夏尔巴人不仅有橄榄绿版本辅助法军和北约军队出奇制胜，更有民用版本在激烈的达喀尔拉力赛中的惊艳四方。目前，雷诺夏尔巴人接受俄罗斯、非洲和中东地区国家的特殊订单。非军用的夏尔巴人款式囊括了无装甲旅行车、皮卡（pickup）、以及为在战争地区执勤设计的全副武装的运输车。其动力来自于一台轰鸣的4.76公升四缸柴油发动机。
售价（阿联酋）：约100万迪拉姆（272,000美元）
俄罗斯嘎斯虎式装甲越野车 （图片：高尔基汽车厂/嘎斯集团）
俄罗斯嘎斯虎式装甲越野车
原产国：俄罗斯
巧合的是，产自俄罗斯的军用虎式装甲车和产自美国的悍马外观只是略为相似。它巨大的引擎盖下藏有一台5.9公升柴油发动机，并搭配了一台六档手动变速器，且永久四轮驱动。民用虎式内部装配了真皮装饰、空调、音响系统之类的享受性设备，以显得它不那么粗野蛮横。生产民用虎式并不是高尔基汽车厂的头等大事，要买到这样一辆车很不容易，而且价格非常昂贵。
售价（俄罗斯）：约350万卢布（110,000美元）
梅赛德斯-奔驰G63 AMG 六轮驱动 （图片：戴姆勒）
梅赛德斯-奔驰G63 AMG 六轮驱动
原产国：奥地利
就车辆生产历史来看，梅赛德斯-奔驰的越野车，也就是俗称的G级越野车，年代可谓久远。在长达30多年的生产历史中，G级的改动非常少，这部砖块一样的军用机器的民用版本依然俘虏了商业大亨、动作明星和教皇的心。和标准配置的G63 AMG一样，新型的G63 AMG 六轮驱动配备了双涡轮增压5.5公升V型8缸的发动机，可以输出惊人的536马力，和560磅英尺的扭矩。该车底盘高到足以淌过40英寸深的水体。驾驶这辆车需要极高的技巧，目前这辆车还不能在北美地区和其他（道路）右侧驾驶国家上路，奔驰承诺这款车的产量会“非常小”。
售价（德国价格，不含增值税）：379,000欧元（约523,000美元）
派拉蒙掠夺者 （图片：帕拉蒙特集团）
派拉蒙掠夺者
原产国：南非
这不是车，这是南非的10吨重的怪物，派拉蒙掠夺者有两层硬壳，使它足以抵御所有轻型武器的攻击，甚至能有一定几率躲过反坦克地雷。同时，这辆车还和任何一辆城市小型车一样好用——只要驾驶人不要把它开去“得来速”快餐店。
售价：485,000美元
Go-Ped霹雳游侠 （图片：Go-Ped战术部）
Go-Ped 霹雳游侠
原产国：美国/以色列
这是驰骋沙场的滑板车？是的，你没看错，这是由美国摩托车制造商Go-Ped研发生产的霹雳游侠。这个两轮车可不是玩具。磨砂黑色霹雳游侠是专为隐蔽行动的特种部队在恶劣地形中进行对抗演习而设计的，采用肥厚的诺比轮胎和长行程悬挂避震。霹雳游侠的锂聚合物电池组和Torkinator电动马达可以达到19英里的时速和25英里的最大航程。那么，是谁正在使用霹雳游侠呢？这可不好说，Go-Ped的战术部首席执行官拉恩·拉皮德博士（Dr. Ran Lapid）说：“我只能确认，霹雳游侠目前是由最负盛名的特种部队在世界各地区测试使用。”
售价：无
北极星MV850 TerrainArmor 版本 （图片：北极星防卫公司）
北极星MV850 TerrainArmor 版本
原产国：美国
MV850的设计初衷就是要“挫败一切敌方阻拦，无论是子弹、恶劣地形还是妨碍任务的障碍物”。MV850是由美国北极星工业集团生产的、第一辆采用非充气轮胎的军用全地形车辆。该公司承诺单座车配备TerrainArmor轮胎，该轮胎由总部位于威斯康星州的弹性技术公司研发，可以抵挡0.50口径的枪械子弹，即便在完整战斗配备的前提下，也能抵御任何道钉穿刺。军用的MV850和一样强悍的民用版本WV850，都装有一台850cc的双缸发动机，77马力输出，单速变速，全轮驱动。从TerrainArmor轮胎在战场上的优异表现，美军应该会在更大型的车辆上配置非充气轮胎，其中包括悍马。
售价：15,000美元(WV850)
苏帕凯特 LRV 400 （图片：苏帕凯特有限责任公司）
苏帕凯特 LRV 400
原产国：英国
由路虎卫士改装而成的Qt “野猫”是越野拉力赛中的佼佼者。而新型的苏帕凯特（Supacat）LRV 400是野猫的军用版本，它配备更加武器化，并继承了野猫越野车高速、全地形适应的能力。苏帕凯特 LRV 400（可在毫无准备的情况下由CH-47支奴干（Chinook）直升机直接装载运输）装配了福特出品的3.2公升五缸的涡轮增压柴油发动机，足以输出236马力，尽管买家可能选择功率输出多达640马力的V型8缸汽油发动机。使用标准柴油，其最高时速为106英里/每小时。但加上其装甲钢板、绞盘机、以及驾于车顶0.50口径的机关枪的重量，苏帕凯特 LRV 400的行驶速度可能略微减慢一点。
售价：约250,000美元
奥什卡什L-ATV （图片：奥什卡什防卫公司）
奥什卡什L-ATV
原产国：美国
奥什卡什防卫公司总部位于威斯康星州，其研发的L-ATV原型车足以赶超悍马——悍马可以做到的，L-ATV可以做到；悍马做不到的，L-ATV也能做到。它配备了柴油-电力混合动力传动装置，专门为军事行动制造，当任务需要时，可以几乎无声行进。美国政府已经测试了22辆原型车，但是奥什卡什公司暂时没有计划生产民用版本。
售价：无
美国陆军0.75吨载重吉普车的民用版 （图片：美国拍卖）
……这个你有钱也买不到
1944年，威利斯（Willys）车厂着手设计美国陆军0.75吨载重吉普车的民用版。这是第一款能够在民间买到的军车车型——威利斯-吉普CJ-2A，其于1945年7月开售。它的成功引领了更多军用车走向民用市场，其中较为知名的有路虎系列1（1948年），大众编号181“这家伙”（1968）以及通用汽车的悍马H1（1992年）。这些军车因其在战场上英勇的传闻和所向披靡的实力，无论是户外运动爱好者、嘻哈名人还是有钱的老爷公子都为之深深吸引。
（责编：友义）
Nine military vehicles you can buy - By Autos Editors
In 1944, Willys set about creating a civilian version of the US Army’s quarter-ton jeep. The first model available to the car-buying public, the CJ-2A (CJ-1 and CJ-2 were prototype designations), went on sale in July 1945, and its success would usher in other military-to-civilian transitions, notably Land Rover’s Series 1 (1948), Volkswagen’s Type 181 “Thing” (1968) and General Motors’ Hummer H1 (1992). These vehicles’ heroic reputation and all-conquering capability have cemented their appeal among all manner of outdoors enthusiasts, hip-hop personalities and playboy despots. In their spirit, we present a nonet of military trucks a civilian can buy – sans weaponry – along with a look at a vehicle that is gunning to become the next US military truck (and to someday spawn a Schwarzenegger-calibre civilian version of its own). (Credit: Auctions America)
This story, which originally appeared on BBC Autos in October 2013, is updated occasionally. The most recent update arrived on 27 May 2015.
DUKW "Duck" amphibious truck
Country of origin: US
Briefing: Like the original Willys/Ford jeep, the gargantuan, six-wheel-drive DUKW dates to World War II. The designation is an amalgam of internal letter codes D: built in 1942; U: utility truck; K: front-wheel drive; W: rear-wheel drive – but the amphibious DUKW is better known by a friendlier name: the Duck. Built on GMC's heavy-duty CCKW military truck chassis, the Duck featured a slab-sided boat hull for a body and a single 25in propeller behind its rearmost axle. Powered by a 92-horsepower in-line six-cylinder engine, it tipped the scales at close to 15,000lbs (6,804kg). What it lacked in speed, however, the Duck made up for in indefatigability. Like the wartime jeep, the DUKW proved (figuratively as well as literally) bulletproof. Of the roughly 21,000 Ducks built between 1942 and 1945, a surprising number are still road- and seaworthy. Many have found a second calling as tourist conveyances in cities such as Boston and London, but a few serve as adventure toys for private collectors. (The pristine example shown here was part of Auction America's Littlefield Collection sale in 2014.) Several companies, including the US-based Chicago DUKWs, offer Duck-specific sales and restoration services, as well as parts and tech support to keep the 80-year-old machines on the road – and on the water.
Price: Varies, though the restored example pictured here sold at auction in July 2014 for $78,775
(Credit: Auctions America)
Country of origin: US
Briefing: The annual Easter Jeep Safari is the highlight of the year for thousands of off-road aficionados from across the US. Set amid the challenging terrain of Moab, Utah, the event offers a week of rock-hopping and camaraderie, and gives Jeep designers and engineers the opportunity to push the boundaries of the company's vehicles. The military-styled Staff Car is one of seven Jeep-derived concept vehicles unveiled in Utah this year, the Safari's 49th. Based on the Wrangler Unlimited, the concept is painted Sandstorm tan and topped with a stretched canvas roof. It features open fenders and low-back bench seats and, like the World War II four-by-four that inspired it, there are no B-pillar or doors (although there is an integrated roll hoop). The steel-beam front and rear bumpers were pulled from the Jeep J8 military truck. Power comes from the standard Wrangler's 3.6-litre gasoline V-6 engine, paired with a six-speed manual transmission and, of course, four-wheel drive and the Wrangler Rubicon's Dana 44 locking axles. A lift kit from Jeep Performance Parts raises the ride height by two inches. There's a fender-mounted blackout light, a vintage jerrycan, a flank-mounted shovel and axe, and steel wheels wrapped with 35in Firestone mil-spec tires. And because beverages are better than bullets, what appears to be an old ammo box is actually a cooler with space for 85 frosty cans.
Price: NA (Jeep Wrangler Unlimited Rubicon Hard Rock 4x4, $40,990)
(Credit: Fiat Group)
Country of origin: France
Briefing: Renault’s mighty Sherpa owes its appeal not only to the olive drab versions piloted by French and NATO soldiers, but to the charismatic appearances of the civilian model in the grueling Dakar Rally. Available by special order in Russia, Africa and the Middle East, the non-military Sherpa can be had as an unarmoured station wagon or pickup, or, for war-zone duty, a fully-armoured wagon. Power comes from a deafening 4.76-litre four-cylinder diesel engine. Its 215hp and 590lb-ft of torque reach all four wheels through a six-speed automatic transmission.
Price (UAE): Approximately 1m dirham ($272,000)
(Photo: Renault Trucks)
Country of origin: Russia
Briefing: That the military Tigr bears a passing resemblance to the American Humvee is, to the Russian truck’s vociferous fans, nothing more than coincidence. Beneath its expansive hood rumbles a 5.9-litre diesel engine, which meets a six-speed manual transmission and permanent four-wheel-drive. Production of the civilian Tigr – which can soften its brutality with the addition of such creature comforts as leather, air conditioning and a thumping audio system – is hardly a top priority for GAZ, and acquiring one is neither simple nor inexpensive, but a successful buyer is fairly guaranteed to be the only Tigr-tamer in his okrestnosti.
Price (Russia): approximately 3.5m rubles ($110,000)
(Photo: GAZ Group)
Country of origin: Austria
Briefing: As production vehicles go, the Mercedes-Benz Gel?ndewagen, otherwise known as the G Class, is ancient. Merely revised during more than 30 years of production, this bricklike military machine in a civilian paintjob still manages to capture the imagination of those who dream of traffic parting with their approach – business tycoons, action-film stars, the Pope. Like the “standard” G63 AMG, the new G63 AMG 6x6 packs a twin-turbo 5.5-litre V8 engine producing 536hp and 560lb-ft of torque. The engine meets the six-by-six drivetrain from Mercedes’ hulking Zetros truck, yielding 15.75in of ground clearance – sufficient to ford water as deep as 40in. Getting behind the wheel of this ultimate G Class, unless you happen to be, say, a James Bond villain, will be tricky. The vehicle is not (legally) destined for North America or right-hand-drive countries, and Mercedes has promised that production volume will be “very small”.
Price (Germany, exclusive of VAT): 379,000 euros (approximately $523,000)
(Photo: Daimler)
Country of origin: South Africa
Briefing: Ten tonnes of South African stoutness, the Marauder is possessed of a double-skin monocoque that helps it resist virtually all forms of light-arms fire, as well as the occasional anti-tank mine. It also, as Top Gear’s Richard Hammond learned, is rather good as a city runabout – provided the pilot steers clear of fast-food drive-throughs.
Price: $485,000
(Photo: Paramount Group)
Country of origin: US/Israel Briefing: A scooter on the battlefield? Roger that. Meet the Knightrider, from US scooter-maker Go-Ped. It may bear a passing resemblance to the neighbour kid’s Razor, but don’t be fooled: this two-wheeler is no toy. Based on Go-Ped’s Hoverboard civilian electric scooter and the police-spec ESR-750 Portable Patrol Vehicle, the matte-black Knightrider was designed for stealthy special-forces maneuvers over hostile terrain, with fat knobby tires and a long-travel cantilever-style suspension. The Knightrider’s lithium-ion polymer battery pack and “Torkinator” electric motor deliver a maximum cruising range of 25 miles and a top speed – thanks to a short-burst Turbo mode – of 19mph. So who is using the Knightrider? That’s strictly need-to-know, according to Go-Ped. Says Tactical Division chief executive Dr Ran Lapid: “I can only confirm that the Knightrider was tested by the most prestigious special ops commando units in the world.” Price: NA (Go-Ped ESR-750 Portable Patrol Vehicle, $4,700) (Photo: Go-Ped Tactical Division)
Country of origin: United States
Briefing: Designed to thwart “enemy ballistics, treacherous terrain and other mission-crippling obstacles”, the MV850, from US-based Polaris Industries, is the first military ATV to make use of non-pneumatic tires. The company promises that the single-seat trucklet’s TerrainArmor tires, invented by Wisconsin-based Resilient Technologies, can shake off shots from a .50-calibre gun or penetration by a railroad spike, even while carrying a full combat load. In both the MV850 and its equally tenacious civilian counterpart, the WV850, a 77-horsepower, 850cc two-cylinder engine is matched to a single-speed transmission and all-wheel drive. With TerrainArmor's proven survivability on the battlefield, it's a safe bet that the US military is looking closely at non-pneumatic tires for bigger machines, including the coming replacement for the Hummer.
Price: $15,000 (WV850)
Country of origin: Britain
Briefing: The Qt Wildcat – formerly known as the Bowler Wildcat – is a Land Rover Defender-based cross-country rally runner. The new Supacat LRV 400 is the military version of the Wildcat, and it delivers the rally car’s high-speed all-terrain capability in a somewhat more weaponised package. Perfect for special forces teams, border patrol agencies and the like, the LRV (which stows neatly aboard a CH-47 Chinook helicopter for easy transport) packs a 3.2-litre five-cylinder turbocharged diesel engine from Ford that’s good for 236 horsepower, although buyers may opt for gasoline V8 engines producing as much as 640hp. Top speed with the standard diesel is 106mph, but the addition of a armour plates, winches and a roof-mounted .50-calibre machine gun may sap performance a bit.
Price: approximately $250,000
(Photo: Supacat Limited)
Country of origin: United States
Briefing: How to replace a fleet of aging Humvees that numbers in the tens of thousands? With a bit of technological derring-do. Wisconsin-based Oshkosh Defense has developed the L-ATV prototype to pick up where the Humvee has left off, carrying a diesel-electric hybrid powertrain that allows the purpose-built vehicle to run near-silent when missions require it. The US government has taken delivery of 22 L-ATV prototypes for testing, but civilian sales do not figure in Oshkosh’s immediate product plans.
Price: N/A
(Photo: Oshkosh Defense)