工作的定义：过去、现在和将来 - BBC(2023年8月6日)
工作场所正在改变——这种变化深刻且久远。（图片来源：Thinkstock）
过去二十年间，随着技术的进步、经济的发展，以及全球按需工作场所的增加，我们的工作方式发生了深刻的变化。对那些职场老人和初涉职场的新人来说，这些变化对他们的工作规则而言意味着什么？
本周，面向专业人士的社交网站领英（LinkedIn）上几位有影响力的人物就此展开讨论。下面是其中两位的观点。
内奥米·西姆森（Naomi Simson)，RedBalloon公司创始人
工作场所正在变化 — 深刻且永久性的变化 — 西姆森在她的文章，“工作的五条新规则”，中宣称。部分由于技术驱动或员工要求，一些旧规则迅速被新规则取代。
以下是一些过时的旧规则，以及取而代之的新规则：
“旧规则：每天通勤到办公室。新规则：不论是在天涯海角，你都可以工作。” 西姆森这样写道，“知道同事的名字和长相不再是常态，你更有可能只知道他们的电子邮箱地址或所在时区。”
这可能还意味着你几乎见不到你的经理，因为他可能在另一个国家工作，跟你隔着几个时区，她这样写道。
“旧规则：朝九晚五。新规则：你每周七天、每天24小时都有时间工作（当你想工作的时候）。”她写道，“这当然取决于你所处行业的工作急迫程度。但是，随着在线工作持续增多，工作的形式可能就是躺在床上查邮件，在火车上编辑文件，深夜一边喝茶一边检查报告。工作不再受空间和时间的限制，这似乎已成为我们的第二天性。”
当然，西姆森写道，你仍需要和身边的同事打交道。
“旧规则：工作与生活保持平衡是指处理好人生两个截然不同领域的关系。新规则：生活和工作之间的界线几乎彻底消失了，虽然难说这是好是坏。”
西姆森写道，“如果你对自己的工作充满热情，那就不会把它视为工作。当你得到重视、与他人紧密相连、为自己做出的贡献感到骄傲，这时，工作就像家庭一样重要 — 工作和生活已经彻底融为一体 — 生命只有一次，我们如何度过人生的每一分钟取决于我们对价值和贡献的理解。”
伊恩·里德（Ian C Read），辉瑞公司董事长兼首席执行官
初涉职场的新人会发现他们进入了一个与父母辈工作时不同的世界。里德在他的文章，“职场新人的五项技巧”，中为新人提出若干建议。
以下是其中几项技巧：
“认识到自己的强项并着重在这方面发展。花点时间了解自己的长处和薄弱环节，了解你所喜欢的工作类型。”他写道，“这种自我认识会使你远远超越你的同辈。如果你讨厌自己的工作，那么你成功的几率就会很低。”
“尽早拓宽自己的经验积累。在某个具体领域成为专家固然很好，但是在你职业生涯的开端，具备多种技能也十分重要。随着你事业的发展，这会给你的公司带来更大的价值，也会为你以后的职业生涯带来更多的机会，”里德写道。
“你最初的就职经历并不会限制将来的职业类别。初涉职场时，应该探索所有的可能性；如果你喜欢某个职位，不要因为它不符合你最终的职业目标而放弃它，” 里德写道，“我的第一份工作是做内部审计，这非但没有限制我，反而对我后来进入更宽广的领域很有帮助。”
（责编：郱书）
The way we work is changing — and fast
It’s a topic that several LinkedIn Influencers weighed in on this week. Here is what two of them had to say.
Naomi Simson, founding director of RedBalloon
The workplace is changing — profoundly and forever — writes Simson in her post The Five New Rules of Work. Old rules are going out the window, replaced with new norms, sometimes driven by technology or demands of workers.
Among the old rules that are becoming obsolete — and the new ones coming into play:
“Old rule: you commute into an office every day. New rule: work can happen wherever you are, anywhere in the world,” wrote Simson. “No longer is it common to know your colleagues by face and name — you might only know them by their email address or time zone.”
This could also mean you get little face time with your manager because he or she could be in another country a few time zones away, she wrote.
“Old rule: work is 9-to-5. New rule: you’re available (when you want to work) 24-7,” she wrote. “This certainly varies depending on the urgency of the industry you work in, but with the nature of our forever growing online presence, this could be as simple as checking emails in bed; working on documents on the train; reviewing presentations with your late night cup of tea. It has become second nature to us to work wherever we are, whenever possible.”
Of course, wrote Simson, make sure you stay present with the people around you.
“Old rule: work-life balance is about two distinct, separate spheres. New rule: for better or worse, the line between life and work is almost entirely disappearing,” Simson wrote. “If you are passionate about what you do, you will never work a day in your life. When you are valued, deeply connected, feel proud of your contribution then work is as important as home — there is a complete melding between work and life — we only have one life, how we choose to spend each minute depends on our feeling of worth and contribution.”
Ian C Read, chairman and chief executive officer at Pfizer
Young professionals are entering a world that is different than the one their parents might have worked in. Read, in his post Five Career Tips for Young Professionals, offered advice for those just starting out.
Among his tips:
“Know what you’re good at and then pursue it. Take the time to know your strengths and weaknesses and understand the kind of work you enjoy,” he wrote. “This self-awareness will put you well ahead of your peers. Chances are, you won’t be successful in a field you don’t enjoy.”
“Broaden your experience early on. It’s great to be an expert in a specific area, but I think it’s also important to diversify your skillset in the beginning of your career. This will provide greater value to your company and greater opportunities for you as your career advances,” Read wrote.
“Your initial job choices do not limit the kinds of roles available to you later in your career. When you’re starting out, explore all of your options. Don’t rule out a position you’re interested in just because it doesn’t seem to fit your ultimate career vision,” wrote Read. “Not only did my first job in internal audit not limit me but it actually helped me in broader roles.”