内容简介
一位听众来信询问单词 “per” 的用法以及它是否有 “按照(政策或法规)” 的意思。介词 “per” 最常见的用法是 “per + 名词”,表示 “每,每一”,用在与金钱、时间、距离等有关的话题中。比如: “per month(每月)”、“per hour(每小时)”。“Per” 与介词 “as” 搭配使用时,“as per” 的意思相当于 “according to(按照,根据)”。本期节目讲解单词 “per” 的常见用法。
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(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)
Phil Hello, this is Question and Answer of the Week. I'm Phil.
Jiaying And I'm Jiaying. 本期节目的问题来自一位听众,问题由我来代读。
Question Hi! 想要投稿提问,一般 “per” 这个词是如何使用的呢?好像可以用在 “依据(政策)、依据(规定)” 等说法里,但又没有查到相关例句和依据。多谢!
Phil I like this question! OK, 'per' has different uses – we'll look at the most common and then the specific one that you asked about.
Jiaying “Per” 最常见的用法与 “事物的单位比率或比例” 有关,意思是 “每,每一”。这里,“per” 是介词,放在名词前。比如:“per month(每月)”、“per second(每秒)”。
Phil That's right. Because it's a bit mathematical, you'll see it a lot in business and science. Listen to these examples:
Examples We've been making a profit of £5m per month. (我们每月都有500万英镑的盈利。)
The asteroid was travelling at a velocity of 18 kilometres per second. (这颗小行星那时以每秒18公里的速度运行。)
Jiaying 在上面的例句中,“per” 的意思和 “事物的单位比率或比例” 有关。我们将 “per” 分别与 “month” 和 “second” 搭配使用,构成了 “per month(每月)” 和 “per second(每秒)”。这个 “per + 名词” 的结构同样适用于谈论金钱、距离或时间长度的单位数量。
注意,“per” 除了可以用在上述语气较正式、专业性较强的句子中以外,还可以用在与价格、汽车和运动等有关的日常话题中,含义还是 “每”。听三个例句。
Examples The rent is £1500 per month. (租金是每月1500英镑。)
The speed limit is 70 miles per hour. (限速为每小时70英里。)
She averages 30 goals per season. (她平均每个赛季进30球。)
Jiaying 上面的三个例句不如前面听到的两个例句那么正式,但在日常类话题中,我们常用不定冠词 “a” 或 “an” 来替换 “per”,句意不变。再来听一遍上面的三个例句,每个例句后,我们会播放同一句话中 “per” 被 “a” 或 “an” 替换后的版本。
Examples The rent is £1500 per month. The rent is £1500 a month. (租金是每月1500英镑。)
The speed limit is 70 miles per hour. The speed limit is 70 miles an hour. (限速为每小时70英里。)
She averages 30 goals per season. She averages 30 goals a season. (她平均每个赛季进30球。)
Phil Another way of thinking about this usage is that 'per' means 'for each', and actually, there's a really common expression that we can use to say 'for each person'. It's 'per head'.
Jiaying 没错,我们可以把 “per” 看成 “for each”。比如,搭配 “per head” 就相当于 “for each person”,意思都是 “每人”。来听两个使用了搭配 “per head” 的例句。
Examples Lunch is £20 per head. (午餐每人20英镑。)
In a year, British people eat 389 biscuits per head. (英国人每年人均吃掉389块饼干。)
Jiaying 上面我们讲了 “per” 作介词时表示 “每,每一” 的用法。但问题中提到,“per” 是不是还可以表示 “按照(政策和规则)”,答案是可以。但在表达这个含义时,更常用介词搭配 “as per(按照,根据)”。来听听 “as per” 具体该怎么用。
Examples You have been disqualified as per the rules of the competition. (根据比赛规则,你被取消了参赛资格。)
We do not give refunds as per our returns policy. (根据本公司的退货政策,我们不予以退款。)
Phil So, 'as per' here means according to the rules of the competition or according to the returns policy. It would be possible to use 'per' on its own here, but it's less common. We can also use 'as per' more broadly to mean 'according to'.
Jiaying 原来,我们虽然可以省略 “as per” 中的 “as”,但单独用 “per” 表示 “按照,根据” 的用法相对没有那么常见。
另外,“as per” 后面接的不一定是 “政策,规则”,还可以是其它事情。“As per” 其实相当于 “according to”。请听例句。
Examples As per our conversation yesterday, I won't be completing the work. (正如我们昨天谈话中说的,我完成不了这项工作。)
We set it up as per the instructions. (我们按照说明进行了装配。)
Phil Now, there's also a very common phrase that we use with 'as per'.
Jiaying 这个短语是 “as per usual(像往常一样)”,也就是我们平时说的 “照常”。听两个例句,学一学 “as per usual” 怎么用。
Examples We had to do it all again, as per usual. (像往常一样,我们不得不重做一遍。)
We wanted to have a picnic, but as per usual, it rained all day. (我们本想去野餐,但天气却和往常一样,雨下了一整天。)
Jiaying 在这两个例句中,“as per usual” 的意思都是 “照常,像往常一样”,用英语解释就是 “according to what usually happens”。
Phil So, we've just had a look at different meanings of 'per' and how it can be used to mean 'according to'.
Jiaying As per usual, we hope that we've answered your question.
Phil Remember that if you have a question you'd like us to answer, you can email us too. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk
Jiaying 你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学 ”。Bye, everyone.
Phil Bye!