近义词cross,across,crosswise,intersect辨析

内容简介

一位听众来信询问单词 “cross、across、crosswise” 和 “intersect” 的共同点和区别。它们当中有三个词都包含词根 “cross”，与 “交叉” 或 “穿过” 相关。“Across” 的副词含义是 “从一边到另一边地”；介词含义为 “在…另一边，在…各处”。“Crosswise” 同样可以作副词使用，表示 “交叉地，垂直穿过地”，但它是否常用？动词 “intersect” 指 “（道路或线条）交叉”。本期节目详细讲解这四个词的用法。

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（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Jiaying
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目，我是佳莹。Joining me is Roy. Hello, Roy.

Roy
Hi, everyone.

Jiaying
本期节目中要回答的问题来自一位姓舒的听众，问题由我来代读。

Question
你好，我想知道下面两组单词有什么相同点和不同点，特别是当它们表达的意思相近的时候：

cross and intersect
across and crosswise

Roy
Let's look at 'cross' and 'across'. 'Cross' is a verb meaning 'go from one side of something to another'. It is often used to talk about places with clear sides, such as a road, or a start and end point, such as a bridge. 'Across' is an adverb with a similar meaning to 'cross', 'from one side to another'. But because it's an adverb, it needs to be used with a verb, normally a verb of movement.

Jiaying
没错，“cross” 是动词，意思是 “横穿，越过”，通常用来表示 “穿过有明确边界的场所或事物”，如道路；或 “从起点到终点”，如桥梁。

“Across” 是副词，表示 “从一边到另一边地”，需要与动词，特别是描述运动的动词搭配使用。比如：“walk across（走过）”。听两个分别使用了动词 “cross” 和副词 “across” 的例句。

Examples
She crossed the room to speak with him the moment he arrived.
（他一到，她就穿过房间走到另一头和他说话。）

I walked across the bridge to get to the museum. It was quicker than waiting for a bus.
（我步行过桥去博物馆。这比等着坐公共汽车要快。）

Jiaying
在第一个例句中，动词 “crossed” 表示 “穿过房间”。在第二个例句中，副词 “across” 与动词 “walked” 搭配使用：walked across（步行过桥）。

Roy，“cross” 和 “across” 还有其它的用法吗？

Roy
Yes. 'Across' can also be used as a preposition meaning 'on the opposite side' or 'in every part of a space or place', such as a country. None of the other words are used in this way.

Jiaying
原来，“across” 还可以作介词使用，意思是 “在…的另一边、对面” 或 “在…各处”。听两个包含介词 “across” 的例句。

Examples
My uncle lives just across the road.
（我叔叔就住在马路对面。）

People across the country listened to BBC Learning English programmes.
（全国各地的人们都收听了 BBC英语教学的节目。）

Roy
'Cross' can also be used as a noun and describes a shape of two overlapping lines that look like the letter 'x' in English.

Jiaying
“Cross” 作名词使用时可以表示 “叉号”。Roy，“cross” 和单词 “crosswise” 的含义有关吗？

Roy
Yes. 'Crosswise' can be an adverb that means 'in the shape of a cross'. It is used to talk about 'crossing something diagonally or at a 90-degree angle' and is normally used when talking about making a cut. However, 'crosswise' is not very common, and it would be more natural to say 'in the shape of a cross' or 'cut across'.

Jiaying
“Crosswise” 可以作副词，含义和名词 “cross” 有关，表示 “交叉地” 或 “垂直穿过地，斜穿地”。我们更常用 “in the shape of a cross” 这样的搭配来表达 “crosswise” 的意思。请大家听两个例句。

Examples
I've marked where I live with a cross on the map.
（我在地图上用叉号标出了我住的地方。）

Cut the vegetables crosswise, and then place them on the plate.
（把蔬菜横着切开，然后放在盘子里。）

Roy
Finally, let's look at 'intersect'. 'Intersect' is a verb used to talk about things like lines, roads and paths which overlap each other. As an alternative to 'intersect', you could say the two lines 'cross each other'. 'Intersect' can also mean divide a space into smaller areas by crossing it with lines.

Jiaying
“Intersect” 是动词，表示 “（线条、道路、路径等相互）交叉”。“Intersect” 还可以表示 “横穿、贯穿”。听两个例句。

Examples
The two roads intersect in front of the post office.
（这两条路在邮局前交叉。）

The park is intersected by paths.
（多条小路贯穿这个公园。）

Jiaying
来归纳一下以上讲过的内容：“cross” 作动词时表示 “穿过”，作名词指 “叉号”。“Across” 作副词表示 “从一边到另一边”，作介词表示 “在…的另一边” 或 “在…各处”。“Crosswise” 可作副词，意思是 “交叉地” 或 “垂直穿过地，斜穿地”。动词 “intersect” 表示 “（线条、道路、路径等）交叉”。

Roy
We hope this answered your question! You can send your question to us too.

Jiaying
我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。你也可以发邮件给我们，邮箱地址是：questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk 谢谢收听 “你问我答” 节目。我是佳莹。我们下次再会！