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以 “ex” 开头单词的正确读音

[2024年3月1日] 来源:BBC Learning English 编辑:Geilien.cn   字号 [] [] []  

内容简介

一位听众想知道在以字母组合 “ex” 开头的单词中,“ex” 应该如何发音。比如:“exceed” 和 “experiment” 中的 “ex” 读作 /ɪks/;在 “expert” 和 “expectation” 中的 “ex” 读作 /eks/。在名词 “example” 中,“ex” 既不读作 /ɪks/,也不读作 /eks/。这是为什么?听节目介绍 “ex” 在单词开头时一般有哪些发音规律。

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(关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。)

Jiaying
大家好,欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Jiaying. 

Phil
And I'm Phil, we've got a question from one of our listeners. 

Jiaying
问题是这样的:

Question
请问该如何判断单词开头字母组合为 “ex” 的发音?有时候读 /ɪks/,有时候读 /eks/。例如,“exceed” 读 /ɪkˈsiːd/,“expectation” 读 /ˌekspekˈteɪʃn/。谢谢! 

Phil
So, this question is about two letters – 'e' and 'x' and how we pronounce them together. There are two things that we need to think about – and the first one is stress.

Jiaying
在英语中,一个单词的重音位置可能会影响它本身的读音。所以,在判断字母组合 “ex” 该怎么读的时候,首先应该考虑字母组合 “ex” 是不是重读。

Phil
Yes, that's right. In a word like 'expectation', 'ex' is the stressed syllable. When 'ex' is the main stress in the word, we usually pronounce it as /eks/. 

Jiaying
像 “expectation” 这样以字母组合 “ex” 开头且重音在前的单词中,“ex” 通常读 /eks/ – expectation。注意:/eks/ 以元音 /e/ 开头,发音时嘴唇要微微张开。听两个例句。

Examples
I thought the film would be good, but it didn't really meet my expectations. It was a bit boring.
(我以为这部电影会很好看,但它并没有达到我的预期。有点无聊。) 

We're not going to be able to do everything on the plan – you need to lower your expectations.
(我们不可能做计划中的每一件事情,你需要降低你的期望值。) 

Phil
OK. So, 'ex' in 'expectation' is stressed. It's not stressed in 'expect' – /spekt/ is the stressed syllable here. Listen to how we say 'ex' in 'expect' – /ɪkˈspekt/. When it's unstressed we can pronounce 'ex' as /ɪks/.

Jiaying
没错,单词 “expect” 中的重读音节在后,是 /spekt/。所以,字母组合 “ex” 在这个词中的读音不是 /eks/,而是 /ɪks/ —— expect。听两个例句,找出字母组合 “ex” 的读音为 /ɪks/ 的词语。

Examples
Aha, just as I expected – my experiment worked!
(啊哈,正如我所料,我的实验成功了!) 

That's just excessive – it's far too much chilli!
(这也太辣了,辣椒放得太多了!) 

Jiaying
Expected, experiment, excessive. 注意,/ɪks/ 中的元音是 /ɪ/,发音时口型扁平,嘴唇两侧微张。Phil,能不能给我们朗读一下两组单词,在每组单词中,先读字母组合 “ex” 发 /ɪks/ 音的单词,再读发 /eks/ 音的单词。

Phil
Extension, expert.

Exceedingly, expo. 

Let's hear some more examples with /ɪks/ and /eks/.

Examples
The architect who designed my extension was a real expert.
(为我家房子设计扩建部分的建筑师是一位真正的行家。) 

This year's expo was exceedingly good.
(今年的博览会精彩极了。)

Phil
There's one other thing that we need to look out for when we're thinking about the pronunciation of 'ex'.

Jiaying
是的。当字母组合 “ex” 后接元音时,字母组合 “ex” 中后两个辅音的发音通常会浊化,变成 /gz/。比如:“example”。

Phil
Yes, usually we think of the letter 'x' making a /ks/ sound – but we don't have that sound in 'example' – it's more of a /g/ and a /z/ sound.

Jiaying
没错。/gz/ 是 /ks/ 的浊音形式。来听两个例句。

Examples
You need to be more exact than in this example.
(你需要比这个例子里讲的更精确。) 

Make sure you know where the exits are.
(要确保你知道出口在哪里。) 

Phil
So, we've seen that to find the pronunciation of 'ex', we need to think about stress, and what comes next.

Jiaying
是的,在判断以字母组合 “ex” 开头的单词中,“ex” 应该怎么读的时候,不仅需要考虑单词本身的重音位置,还需要根据 “ex” 后面是否跟元音加以判断。

Phil
We hope that we've answered your question. Remember, if you have a question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too, at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk

Jiaying
你也可以通过微博私信把问题发送给我们,我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。谢谢收听 “你问我答” 节目。Bye! 

Phil
Bye, everyone.