Phil We can use listing commas between individual nouns, like items on a shopping list – I need to buy chicken, rice, and a cake.
Jiaying 这里,名词 “rice” 的两旁都有逗号。这里的逗号分隔的是名词。
Phil But they're not just used with lists of individual nouns: the items in the list can be clauses. Listen to these examples, and we're adding pauses to indicate where the commas are.
Examples Atul is cooking chicken, Paul is boiling rice, Sergei is making a cake and I'm getting hungry. (阿图尔在做鸡肉,保罗在煮米饭,谢尔盖在做蛋糕,我饿了。)
We all have different hobbies: Mia plays football, Nathan paints with watercolours, Jessica goes rock climbing and Yassin makes films. (我们都有不同的爱好:米娅踢足球,内森画水彩画,杰西卡攀岩,亚辛拍电影。)
Jiaying “Paul is boiling rice” 和 “Nathan paints with watercolours” 前后都有所停顿,这是为了突出两个部分前后都使用了逗号,但它们都不是插入语,因此不能省略。
Phil Another way that we can use commas is when we leave out things that we've already said to avoid repetition.
拿第一个例句来说,“and afternoons” 后面的逗号代替了上文已经提及的同义部分,完整的句子应该是:“Mornings are the perfect time to get work done, and afternoons are the perfect time for relaxing.”
Phil There are a number of different reasons that we use commas. Where a combination of these apply to a sentence, phrases and clauses can end up between two commas.
Examples Additionally, we need to buy eggs, milk and bread. (此外,我们还需要买鸡蛋、牛奶和面包。)
I walked to the shop, and I bought eggs, milk and bread. (我走到商店,买了鸡蛋、牛奶和面包。)
Jiaying 在第一个例句中,“we need to buy eggs” 前后各有一个逗号。这是因为句首的 “additionally” 后需要加逗号,以及 “eggs” 的后面还需要列举其它的事物,所以有第二个逗号。
Phil In the second example, there's a comma before 'and' because it's joining two independent clauses, and one after 'eggs' because it's part of a list.
Phil We hope that's answered the question. And if you have question that you'd like us to answer, you can email us too at: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk