advise、suggest、recommend在表示“建议”时的区别

内容简介

听众 “天天向上” 想知道动词 “advise、suggest、recommend” 的后面应该跟哪些句子成分？首先，从含义上看，这三个词都可以表示 “建议”。其次，从用法上看，它们的后面都可以跟动词-ing、“that” 引导的从句、名词或名词成分。本期节目先讲解这三个近义词之间的共同点，然后分析它们的不同之处。

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（关于台词的备注: 请注意这不是广播节目的逐字稿件。本文稿可能没有体现录制、编辑过程中对节目做出的改变。）

Jiaying
大家好，欢迎收听 BBC英语教学的 “你问我答” 节目。I'm Jiaying.

Beth
And I'm Beth. This week we are answering this question:

Question
英语考试的题干中常有这种提问：如 “advise、suggest” 和 “recommend” 这类表示 “建议” 和 “推荐” 的词后面跟的动词有时加 “to”，有时不加 “to”，该如何区分？       

Jiaying
谢谢你发来的问题。动词 “advise、suggest” 和 “recommend” 的意思都是 “建议，推荐”。

Beth
To explain the difference, we're going to hear someone speaking about careers advice.   

Jiaying
在听音频的过程中，想一想这个问题：What does the speaker recommend?

Example
When I was a student, I spoke to Careers Advice about finding a job and they advised writing a CV. I'd suggest that you do the same. I recommend this great website which gives you some example CVs. Let me find the name for you…

（我在校期间，联系了学校的就业指导中心，咨询求职事宜，他们建议我写一份个人简历。我建议你也写一份简历。我给你推荐一个非常实用的网站，上面有一些简历范例。我找一下网站名称，然后给你……） 

Beth
The speaker recommends speaking to Careers Advice and a website with example CVs. So, let's start with looking at the similarities between 'advise', 'suggest' and 'recommend'. All three can be followed by an -ing verb.

Jiaying
回顾一下，动词 “advise、suggest” 和 “recommend” 都有 “建议” 的意思。从用法上看，它们的第一个共同点是后面都可以直接加动词-ing。再来听一遍前面音频中的这句话： 

Example
I spoke to Careers Advice about finding a job and they advised writing a CV. 

Jiaying
我们也可以在 “suggest” 和 “recommend” 的后面加上动词-ing。来听两个例句。

Examples
I recommend getting some work experience.
（我建议你积累一些工作经验。）

I suggest talking to your teachers.
（我建议你和老师们谈谈。）

Beth
Also, after all three verbs 'advise', 'suggest' and 'recommend', we can use a clause that begins with 'that'.

Jiaying
是的，这三个动词的第二个共同点是它们的后面都可以跟 “that” 引导的从句。来听三个例句。

Examples
I'd suggest that you do the same.

I'd recommend that you do the same.

I'd advise that you do the same.

Beth
In these sentences, it's also possible to remove 'that'.

Examples
I'd suggest you do the same. 

I'd recommend you do the same.

I'd advise you do the same. 

Jiaying
在上面的三个例句中，动词 “advise、suggest” 和 “recommend” 的后面均省略了 “that”，句子同样成立，且句意不变。

下面来看看这三个动词的第三个共同点：它们的后面都可以跟名词或名词成分。先来再听一遍前面音频中的这句话：

Example
I recommend this great website which gives you some example CVs.

Beth
'Recommend' here is followed by the noun phrase 'this great website which gives you example CVs'. Here are examples with 'suggest' and 'advise', too.

Examples
I suggest a cover letter.
（我建议你写一封求职信。）

I advise a practice interview to help you feel more comfortable under pressure.
（我建议你进行一次面试模拟练习，这样你能在压力下发挥得更自如。）

Jiaying
说完了这三个动词的共同点，我们来看一看它们之间的不同之处。

Beth
'Advise' is most often used by an authority and is therefore the most formal of the verbs. It's often used in this way when there is a consequence if the advice isn't followed. In terms of use, it can be followed by a pronoun and an infinitive verb plus 'to'.

Jiaying
动词 “advise” 在表示 “建议” 时常常有 “奉劝，劝告” 的意味，而且这个 “advise” 的行为通常来自权威人士，也就是说如果不听，就可能会产生相应的后果。“Advise”  是三个词当中最正式的一个。除了前面讲到的 “advise” 的用法以外，我们还可以说 “advise someone to do something（建议某人做某事）”。来听两个例句。

Examples
I advise you to submit your application early.
（我建议你尽早提交申请。） 

I advised him to call the company on the phone.
（当时我建议他给公司打电话。）

Jiaying
动词 “suggest” 和 “recommend” 则没有加人称代词及不定式 “to do” 的用法。

下面我们来对比一下这两个动词。当 “suggest” 和 “recommend” 表示 “建议” 时，通常可以互换使用，强调 “根据个人经历提出建议”。

Beth
One difference though is that 'suggest' is usually used for neutral things – it can be used in a positive or negative situation.

Jiaying
而动词 “recommend” 则通常强调 “说话人推荐自己认为很不错的人或物”。来听两个例句。

Examples
I would suggest telling him about your concerns.
（我建议你把你的顾虑告诉他。）

I'd recommend Natasha for the job. She's a very hard worker.
（我推荐娜塔莎做这份工作。她工作很努力。） 

Jiaying
动词 “advise、suggest” 和 “recommend” 都可以跟动词-ing、“that” 引导的从句和名词或名词成分，但只有 “advise” 后面可以跟人称代词和不定式 “to do”。它是三个词当中最正式的一个。动词 “recommend” 表示 “说话人推荐自己认为很好的人或物”，而 “suggest” 则只能表示 “建议”。

Beth
Remember, if you have a question about the English language you'd like to ask us, please send us an email. Our email address is: questions.chinaelt@bbc.co.uk   

Jiaying
你也可以通过微博向我们提问。我们的微博账号是 “BBC英语教学”。Bye, everyone.

Beth
Bye!

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